Social Media Mining for an Analysis of Nutrition and Dietary Health in Taiwan.

Dining is an essential part of human life. In order to pursue a healthier self, more and more people enjoy homemade cuisines. Consequently, the amount of recipe websites has increased significantly. These online recipes represent different cultures and cooking methods from various regions, and provide important indications on nutritional content. In recent years, the development of data science made data mining a popular research area. However, only a few researches in Taiwan have applied data mining in the studies of recipes and nutrients. Therefore, this work aims at utilizing machine learning models to discover health-related insights from recipes on social media. First, we collected over 15,000 Chinese recipes from the largest recipe website in Taiwan to build a recipe database. We then extracted information from this dataset through natural language processing methodologies so as to better understand the characteristics of various cuisines and ingredients. Thus, we can establish a classification model for the automatic categorization of recipes. We further performed cluster analysis for grouping nutrients to recognize the nutritional differences for each cluster and each cuisine type. The results showed that using the support vector machine (SVM) model can successfully classify recipes with an average F-score of 82%. We also analyzed the nutritional value of different cuisine categories and the possible health effects they may bring to the consumers. Our methods and findings can assist future work on extracting essential nutritional information from recipes and promoting healthier diets.

Development of compact Cs corrector for desktop electron microscope.

The desktop Electron Microscopes (desktop EMs) have been commercialized in the recent years, offering a spatial resolution around 1nm in scanning-transmission mode in a routine operation. For the purpose of further improvement in spatial resolution and signal / noise, one may need an aberration corrector with a compact form in order to fit into a desktop EM. In this paper, the permanent magnets with tunable coil are implemented as a transfer lens doublet to realize a compact hexapole corrector for a desktop EM. It will be shown that, with a proper design of permanent magnet transfer lens doublet and hexapole lens, we can generate a negative Cs and avoid the second-order axial astigmatism to reduce the final spot size at the sample plane to be better than 0.5nm for a field emission source. To fulfill with the required condition of a hexapole corrector, a tunable lens is implemented to adjust the magnetic field for compensating the practical error from the permanent magnet.

Wide-range tunable magnetic lens for tabletop electron microscope.

A tabletop scanning electron microscope (SEM) utilizes permanent magnets as condenser lenses to minimize its size, but this sacrifices the tunability of condenser lenses such that a tabletop system can only be operated with a fixed accelerating voltage. In contrast, the traditional condenser lens utilizes an electromagnetic coil to adjust the optical properties, but the size of the electromagnetic lens is inevitably larger. Here, we propose a tunable condenser lens for a tabletop SEM that uses a combination of permanent magnets and electromagnetic coils. The overall dimensions of the newly designed lens are the same as the original permanent magnet lens, but the new lens allows the tabletop SEM to be operated at different accelerating voltages between 1kV and 15kV.

Direct measurement of electrostatic fields using single Teflon nanoparticle attached to AFM tip.

A single 210-nm Teflon nanoparticle (sTNP) was attached to the vertex of a silicon nitride (Si3N4) atomic force microscope tip and charged via contact electrification. The charged sTNP can then be considered a point charge and used to measure the electrostatic field adjacent to a parallel plate condenser using 30-nm gold/20-nm titanium as electrodes. This technique can provide a measurement resolution of 250/100 nm along the X- and Z-axes, and the minimum electrostatic force can be measured within 50 pN. PACS: 07.79.Lh, 81.16.-c, 84.37. + q.

Substituent effects on the iodine-catalyzed thermal cyclization of 3,4-diphenylbuta-1,3-dienyl isocyanates: mechanistic studies.

The thermal cyclization of 3,4-diphenylbuta-1,3-dienyl isocyanates 1, generated in situ from the corresponding azides, was investigated using iodine as a catalyst. Diphenylpyridinones 2, phenylnaphthalenes 3, and indenes 4 were produced via intramolecular ring closure. The nature of the substituents on the phenyl rings was found to be crucial to the distribution of cyclized products 2-4. The mechanism of the reaction is also discussed.