CXCL14 as an emerging immune and inflammatory modulator.

CXCL14, a relatively novel chemokine, is a non-ELR (glutamic acid-leucine-arginine) chemokine with a broad spectrum of biological activities. CXCL14 mainly contributes to the regulation of immune cell migration, also executes antimicrobial immunity. The identity of the receptor for CXCL14 still remains obscure and therefore the intracellular signaling pathway is not entirely delineated. The present review summarizes the contribution of CXCL14 in these two aspects and discusses the biological mechanisms regulating CXCL14 expression and potential CXCL14 mediated functional implications in a variety of cells.

Oxorhenium(V) and Oxotechnetium(V) Complexes of Cysteine.

Earlier attempts to obtain technetium complexes with cysteine always resulted in the formation of a product contaminated with polymeric species. A pure product, which could be chemically characterized and adopted for radiopharmaceutical preparation, has now been obtained by using cystine as the precursor of cysteine. This method has been extended to prepare the corresponding rhenium chelate, isolated as the tetraphenylphosphonium salt [Ph(4)P](+)[{ReO(Cys)(2)}(-){HReO(Cys)(2)}].4H(2)O. The X-ray crystal structure of this compound revealed the presence of both neutral and anionic chelated species. In [HReO(Cys)(2)], the cysteine carboxylate moiety is unidentatedly bound to rhenium, while the carboxylic acid of the second cysteine remains as free COOH. The coordination environment around rhenium in the anionic species [ ReO(Cys)(2)(-)] is similar, the only difference being that the uncoordinated carboxylate moiety is present as a COO(-) anion. The thiolate, amine coordination of the ligand with the metal is present in both the chelate units. The compound crystallized in an orthorhombic system with the space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), and having four formula units in each cell. The crystal data are a = 9.700(2) Å, b = 12.836(3) Å, and c = 36.228(3) Å. The rhenium chelate has been structurally correlated with the technetium chelates through comparable spectroscopic and chromatographic data. The technetium-99m analogue of this rhenium chelate exhibited renal tubular transport and renal retention, which makes this radiopharmaceutical useful for evaluation of the clinical status of renal patients.