ABSTRACT
Interleukin-33 (IL-33), belonging to the interleukin-1 cytokine family, has a decoy receptor soluble ST2 (sST2). IL-33 is found in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes and is involved in central nervous system healing and repair, whereas ST2 is found in microglia and astrocytes. Some studies have found a link between changes in the IL-33/ST2 pathway and neurodegenerative disorders. This review article investigates the relationship between the interleukin-33 (IL-33)/ST2 pathway and neurodegenerative disorders. It was discovered that soluble st2 levels were increased. Furthermore, IL-33 levels were found to be lower in many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The association with other disorders, such as ankylosing spondylitis, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), was also observed. Various studies suggest that ST2/IL-33 signalling may be pivotal in the disease modulation of neurodegenerative disorders. The serum sST2 level test can be useful in determining the inflammatory status and severity of illness in many neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we will discuss recent findings concerning the interleukin-33 (IL-33)/ST2 pathway and its role in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases with neurodegeneration.
ABSTRACT
Background: Children are the most important assets to any country; their physical, mental, and emotional developments are crucial for future as they become citizens. Mothers' knowledge on nutrition for kids plays a vital role in the health of the children. Regular interventions as counseling or discussions with the mothers will be an effective tool to counter under nutrition, malnutrition, and also micronutrient deficiencies. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of nutritional awareness in child diet among the mothers of under five in anganwadis in Mysuru with pre- and post-awareness. Materials and Methods: It is a quasi-experimental study for a duration of 3 months. The sample size was 35, with convenient sampling, and the data were collected using a semi-structured, validated questionnaire from mothers whose children are enrolled in anganwadis. The data were analyzed using mean, Chi-square/Fischer test using SPSS version 22. Results: The mean score before and after awareness was 6.26 ± 0.701, and the post score was 6.83 ± 0.618. There was a significant association between birth order of the child enrolled and the post-awareness grades. There was also a statistical significance between mean scores of pre- and post-awareness. Conclusion: We can conclude from the above study that regular and objectified communication with the mothers is an effective strategy for the improvement of their awareness regarding child nutrition.
