ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate whether a low platelet count is a good surrogate marker of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS) in a rural area of Brazil. A small district in southeastern Brazil, with a population of 1,543 individuals and a 23% prevalence of schistosomiasis, was selected for this investigation. METHODS: In July 2012, 384 volunteers were subjected to clinical, ultrasonography (US), and laboratory examinations, including stool sample analysis. The HSS patients were classified into four groups: Group 1 consisted of patients with a spleen >13cm and liver fibrosis; Group 2 consisted of patients with a palpable spleen and spleen>13cm measured by US; Group 3 consisted of patients with a spleen >13cm measured by US; and Group 4 consisted of patients with a palpable spleen. RESULTS: Eight patients were in Group 1 (2.1%), twenty-one were in Group 2 (5.5%), eight were in Group 3 (2.1%), and eighteen were in Group 4 (4.7%). A significant difference in the mean platelet counts was observed between the patients with and without HSS (p<0.01). Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (platelet count <143,000/mm3), the sensitivity was greater than 92% in all groups, and the specificity varied from 44.4% to 75%. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that in endemic areas, thrombocytopenia demonstrates good sensitivity for detecting HSS and may be used as a screening tool to identify patients with HSS.
Subject(s)
Endemic Diseases , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Schistosomiasis mansoni/diagnosis , Splenic Diseases/diagnosis , Thrombocytopenia/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Animals , Biomarkers/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/complications , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Rural Population , Schistosomiasis mansoni/complications , Schistosomiasis mansoni/epidemiology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Splenic Diseases/complications , Splenic Diseases/epidemiology , Splenic Diseases/parasitology , Thrombocytopenia/epidemiology , Thrombocytopenia/etiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Introduction This study aimed to evaluate whether a low platelet count is a good surrogate marker of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS) in a rural area of Brazil. A small district in southeastern Brazil, with a population of 1,543 individuals and a 23% prevalence of schistosomiasis, was selected for this investigation. Methods In July 2012, 384 volunteers were subjected to clinical, ultrasonography (US), and laboratory examinations, including stool sample analysis. The HSS patients were classified into four groups: Group 1 consisted of patients with a spleen >13cm and liver fibrosis; Group 2 consisted of patients with a palpable spleen and spleen>13cm measured by US; Group 3 consisted of patients with a spleen >13cm measured by US; and Group 4 consisted of patients with a palpable spleen. Results Eight patients were in Group 1 (2.1%), twenty-one were in Group 2 (5.5%), eight were in Group 3 (2.1%), and eighteen were in Group 4 (4.7%). A significant difference in the mean platelet counts was observed between the patients with and without HSS (p<0.01). Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (platelet count <143,000/mm3), the sensitivity was greater than 92% in all groups, and the specificity varied from 44.4% to 75%. Conclusions We concluded that in endemic areas, thrombocytopenia demonstrates good sensitivity for detecting HSS and may be used as a screening tool to identify patients with HSS. .
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Endemic Diseases , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Schistosomiasis mansoni/diagnosis , Splenic Diseases/diagnosis , Thrombocytopenia/diagnosis , Biomarkers/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/complications , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Prevalence , Rural Population , Sensitivity and Specificity , Schistosomiasis mansoni/complications , Schistosomiasis mansoni/epidemiology , Splenic Diseases/complications , Splenic Diseases/epidemiology , Splenic Diseases/parasitology , Thrombocytopenia/epidemiology , Thrombocytopenia/etiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Acute schistosomiasis is a systemic hypersensitivity reaction against the migrating schistosomula and eggs. In this report, we describe an atypical outbreak of the disease with severe cases. Transmission occurred in a nonendemic area of Brazil, which became a new focus of transmission due to the in-migration of infected workers. METHODS: From December 2009 to March 2010, the 50 patients with acute schistosomiasis (group 1) bathed in a swimming pool supplied by a brook on a country estate in the outskirts of São João del Rei, Brazil. Thirty other subjects (group 2) living in the same area, who denied having contact with the swimming pool, volunteered to participate in the study. All participants were submitted to clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound examinations. RESULTS: Five of 50 (10%) patients were admitted to the hospital: 1 with myeloradiculopathy, 1 with diffuse pulmonary micronodules, and 3 with diarrhea and dehydration. All 5 had hypereosinophilia and prolonged fever. Group 1 patients more frequently had cercarial dermatitis (P = .01), blood in the stool (P = .04), and intra-abdominal lymph nodes (P = .001). All group 1 patients were treated with praziquantel; 1 patient with myeloradiculopathy also received oral prednisone (60 mg/day) for 6 months with complete recovery. CONCLUSIONS: This report describes the first time that patients from an outbreak of acute schistosomiasis have been compared to controls. Five subjects (10%) had severe manifestations of schistosomiasis. Diagnosis of the disease and its severity was delayed because physicians did not consider that an epidemic of schistosomiasis might emerge in a nonendemic area.
