Negative affectivity in university students and its relationship with academic performance and professional outlook after COVID-19.

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the prevalence of negative affectivity in university students in the post-COVID-19 pandemic context and its relationship with academic performance and professional outlook. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted with undergraduate students from a public university in Minas Gerais between September 2022 and September 2023. Data were collected using a sociodemographic and psychosocial characterization questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21. The relationships between negative affectivity, academic performance, and professional outlook were verified using the Kruskal-Wallis test, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: a total of 585 students participated in the study. A high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was found among university students in the post-COVID-19 context, with a notable severity of anxiety. A negative association was detected between the investigated negative affectivity, academic performance, and professional outlook. CONCLUSIONS: the results indicate an emotional vulnerability in university students, with a relationship between negative affectivity and a decline in academic performance and professional outlook.

An electrogram-guided transvenous temporary pacemaker implant simulator.

INTRODUCTION: Transvenous temporary pacemaker (TvTP) implantation is a critical procedure often performed under time limitations, playing a crucial role in patient survival. However, the amount of training provided for resident cardiologists is variable, due to the availability of patients. Thus, the use of simulators for this cardiologic procedure could be used as training tools. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to develop a simulator system for TvTP implantation based on electrograms, called ETTIS (Electrogram-guided Transvenous Temporary-pacemaker Implantation Simulator), and to evaluate its educational potential and cardiology residents' perceived learning efficacy as a training tool. METHODOLOGY: The development of the ETTIS involved three stages: (1) Adaptation of an anatomical mannequin; (2) Design and manufacture of electronic circuits and software capable of identifying the catheter contact site within the heart chambers and reproducing electrograms in both surfaces (mode-on) and intracavitary (mode-off); (3) To evaluate its educational potential, a modified Likert questionnaire was administered to nine cardiology experts. Additionally, to evaluate the perceived learning efficacy, another modified Likert questionnaire was given to six cardiology residents both before and after training with the ETTIS. Descriptive statistics with measures of position and dispersion were employed, and the weighted Kappa test was used for agreement analysis. RESULTS: A high rate of acceptance (over 90%) was found among experts who evaluated the ETTIS. The cardiology residents showed significant self-perceived learning gains, as evidenced by a lack of agreement between their responses to a questionnaire before and after training. CONCLUSION: The ETTIS is a promising tool for medical training, displaying both educational potential and efficacy. It has been shown to be effective in learning a variety of skills, including cardiac catheterization and electrophysiology. Additionally, the ETTIS is highly engaging and allows cardiology residents to practice in a safe and controlled environment.

Negative affectivity in university students and its relationship with academic performance and professional outlook after COVID-19 / Afectividades negativas en universitarios y su relación con el desempeño académico y la perspectiva profesional después del COVID-19 / Afetividades negativas em universitários e relação com desempenho acadêmico e perspectiva profissional após a COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the prevalence of negative affectivity in university students in the post-COVID-19 pandemic context and its relationship with academic performance and professional outlook. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted with undergraduate students from a public university in Minas Gerais between September 2022 and September 2023. Data were collected using a sociodemographic and psychosocial characterization questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21. The relationships between negative affectivity, academic performance, and professional outlook were verified using the Kruskal-Wallis test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: a total of 585 students participated in the study. A high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was found among university students in the post-COVID-19 context, with a notable severity of anxiety. A negative association was detected between the investigated negative affectivity, academic performance, and professional outlook. Conclusions: the results indicate an emotional vulnerability in university students, with a relationship between negative affectivity and a decline in academic performance and professional outlook.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar la prevalencia de afectividades negativas en estudiantes universitarios en el contexto post-pandemia de COVID-19 y su relación con el rendimiento académico y la perspectiva de futuro profesional. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado con estudiantes de pregrado de una universidad pública de Minas Gerais entre septiembre de 2022 y septiembre de 2023. Los datos fueron recolectados a partir de un cuestionario de caracterización sociodemográfica y psicosocial y de la Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21. Las relaciones entre las afectividades negativas, el rendimiento escolar y la perspectiva de futuro profesional fueron verificadas mediante la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis, con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: participaron en el estudio 585 estudiantes. Se verificó una alta prevalencia de depresión, ansiedad y estrés entre los estudiantes universitarios en el contexto post-pandemia de COVID-19, destacándose la ansiedad en un nivel severo. Se detectó una asociación negativa entre las afectividades negativas investigadas, el rendimiento académico y la perspectiva de futuro profesional. Conclusiones: los resultados indican una vulnerabilidad emocional en los estudiantes universitarios, con la existencia de una relación entre las afectividades negativas y un deterioro del rendimiento académico y de la perspectiva de futuro profesional.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a prevalência de afetividades negativas em estudantes universitários no contexto pós-pandemia da COVID-19 e sua relação com o desempenho acadêmico e a perspectiva de futuro profissional. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado com estudantes de graduação de uma universidade pública mineira entre setembro de 2022 e setembro de 2023. Os dados foram coletados a partir do questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica e psicossocial e da Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21. As relações entre as afetividades negativas, o rendimento escolar e a perspectiva de futuro profissional foram verificadas por meio do teste de Kruskal-Wallis, com 5% de significância. Resultados: participaram do estudo 585 estudantes. Verificou-se alta prevalência de depressão, ansiedade e estresse entre os estudantes universitários no contexto pós-pandemia da COVID-19, com destaque para a ansiedade em nível severo. Foi detectada associação negativa entre as afetividades negativas investigadas, o desempenho acadêmico e a perspectiva de futuro profissional. Conclusões: os resultados apontam para uma vulnerabilidade emocional dos estudantes universitários, com existência de relação entre afetividades negativas e piora do desempenho acadêmico e perspectiva de futuro profissional.

Validação de face, conteúdo e semântica da escala de avaliação do risco de quedas em pessoas idosas que vivem na comunidade / Face, content and semantic validation of the scale for assessing the risk of falls in community-dwelling elderly people / Validación facial, de contenido y semántica de la escala de evaluación del riesgo de caídas en ancianos residentes en la comunidad

Introdução: quedas em pessoas idosas constituem um sério problema de saúde e geram muitas preocupações para estudiosos e clínicos da geriatria e gerontologia. Objetivo: avaliar a validade de face e de conteúdo e a validade semântica de uma escala de avaliação do risco de quedas em idosos que vivem na comunidade. Método: trata-se de um estudo do tipo metodológico, com realização das seguintes etapas: validade de face e de conteúdo e análise semântica. Na análise de validade de face e de conteúdo, foram convidados sete juízes especialistas na área de saúde da pessoa idosa e do método em questão. Concernente à análise semântica, a referida escala foi aplicada em 20 idosos selecionadas por conveniência. Resultados: dos sete juízes contatados, cinco retornaram com os instrumentos. Na análise de aparência, cinco itens receberam concordância inferior a 80%. Na análise semântica, apenas dois itens foram identificados como de difícil compreensão pelas pessoas idosas. A segunda versão da escala apresentava 43 itens e, após avaliação dos juízes, passou a compor 44 itens. Conclusão: a escala apresenta validade de face, de conteúdo e semântica para o contexto atual e para a população-alvo estudada, sendo importante sua revisão e adequação em momentos pósteros a fim de acompanhar os avanços científicos da geriatria e gerontologia.

Introduction: falls in elderly people constitute a serious health problem and generate many concerns for scholars and clinicians in geriatrics and gerontology. Objective: to evaluate the face and content validity and semantic validity of a scale to assess the risk of falls in community-dwelling elderly people. Method: this is a methodological study, with the following stages: face and content validity and semantic analysis. For the face and content validity analysis, seven judges, experts in the area of elderly health and the method in question, were invited. Regarding the semantic analysis, the scale was applied to 20 elderly people selected by convenience. Results: of the seven judges contacted, five returned with the instruments. In the appearance analysis, five items received less than 80% agreement. In the semantic analysis, only two items were identified as difficult to understand by the elderly. The second version of the scale had 43 items and, after the judges' evaluation, it became 44 items. Conclusion: the scale presents face, content and semantic validity for the current context and for the target population studied, being important its revision and adequacy in later moments in order to follow the scientific advances in geriatrics and gerontology.

Introducción: las caídas en ancianos constituyen un grave problema de salud y generan muchas preocupaciones a los estudiosos y clínicos en geriatría y gerontología. Objetivo: evaluar la validez facial y de contenido y la validez semántica de una escala para evaluar el riesgo de caídas en ancianos residentes en la comunidad. Método: se trata de un estudio metodológico, con las siguientes etapas: validez facial y de contenido y análisis semántico. Para el análisis de la validez facial y de contenido se invitó a siete jueces, expertos en el ámbito de la salud de las personas mayores y en el método en cuestión. En cuanto al análisis semántico, la escala se aplicó a 20 ancianos seleccionados por conveniencia. Resultados: de los siete jueces contactados, cinco devolvieron los instrumentos. En el análisis de apariencia, cinco ítems recibieron menos del 80% de acuerdo. En el análisis semántico, sólo dos ítems fueron identificados como difíciles de entender por las personas mayores. La segunda versión de la escala tenía 43 ítems y, tras la evaluación de los jueces, pasó a tener 44 ítems. Conclusión: la escala presenta validez facial, de contenido y semántica para el contexto actual y para la población objetivo estudiada, siendo importante su revisión y adecuación en momentos posteriores para acompañar los avances científicos en geriatría y gerontología.

Salmonella enterica in soybean production chain: Occurrence, characterization, and survival during soybean storage.

This study aimed to determine Salmonella enterica occurrence along the soybean meal production chain (raw material, in-processing samples, final products, and in the environment of five processing plants), characterize the isolates, and assess the survival of Salmonella Senftenberg 775W in soybeans stored under different temperature conditions. Among 713 samples analyzed, 12.9% (n = 92) were positive for Salmonella enterica. Dust collected inside and outside processing plants (n = 148) comprised the samples with the highest positivity for Salmonella enterica, 47.3%. The occurrence of Salmonella enterica varied among the different processing plants. Twenty-nine (n = 29) Salmonella serotypes were isolated, with S. Mbandaka as the most frequent serotype, whereas S. Typhimurium was mainly linked to final product samples (soybean meal). S. Senftenberg 775W did not survive for a long time in soybean stored at 20-37 °C, but at 20 °C, cells were viable for more than 60 days. This study suggests that soybean meal may harbor Salmonella serotypes related to foodborne disease outbreaks in humans and can be responsible for Salmonella introduction into livestock and, consequently, in foods of animal origin. This study provides crucial data on contamination pathways of Salmonella in the soybean production chain, contributing to the understanding of Salmonella epidemiology which is strategic for the development of preventive and control measures to reduce the burden of salmonellosis linked to products of animal origin.

Papiloma de plexo coroide em uma cadela / Choroid plexus papilloma in a bitch

Background: Choroid plexus papilloma is a benign neoplasm derived from the neuroepithelium of the choroid plexus of the ventricular cavity, commonly located in the fourth ventricle, affecting dogs of different age groups and without predilection for sex. There is a range of therapeutic options, and the treatment to be chosen will be defined based on tumor localization and development. Due to the difficulties in accessing treatments, tutors opt for euthanasia or death occurs with the worsening of the clinical condition. This case report aims to present the symptomatology, treatment and evolution of the case until the death of the animal, as well as the pathological findings. Case: A 12-year-old bitch, mixed breed, was treated presenting behavior alteration, with unusual aggressiveness, perceived by the tutor four weeks ago. Neurological examination revealed changes in behavior, compulsive walking and focal epileptic seizures. After the presumptive diagnosis of brain neoplasia, the dog underwent symptomatic treatment with prednisolone (1 mg/kg, orally, every 24 h, for 15 days, with subsequent reduction to 0.5 mg/kg for another 15 days) and phenobarbital (3 mg/kg, every 12 h, orally), until death. After the beginning of the treatment, no more epileptic seizures and aggressive behavior were observed. After 5 months of consultation, the dog returned with aggressive and anorexic behavior. Due to the worsening of clinical signs, with the possibility of brain neoplasia, the tutor opted for euthanasia. Necropsy was performed and macroscopic examination was observed in the telecephalus, occlusion of the third ventricle by grayish mass, soft, 1.2 cm in diameter with slight dilation of lateral ventricles. On histological examination, it was observed that the third ventricle was occluded, epithelial proliferation of arboriform aspect, composed of cuboidal cells to columnares sustained by moderate fibrovascular stroma. Based on macroscopic and histopathological findings of the telecephalus, the alterations determined the diagnosis of choroid plexus papilloma. Discussion: The diagnosis of choroid plexus papilloma was confirmed by observing the neurological signs and pathological findings that characterize this neoplasm. Choroid plexus tumors are less common, in the third ventricle, only in 36% of all reports are of tumors in that area. The search for care is mainly due to clinical signs that include behavioral, and locomotor changes and sometimes epileptic seizures, such clinical signs were found in the dog. Choroid plexus papilloma affects dogs of all ages, but more in adults and increasing the occurrence as they age. The tumor is still correlated in a higher occurrence in large animals, the evaluated dog was of age, but small in size. During anamnesis, in addition to the clinical history, neurological examinations provide a good basis for the presumptive diagnosis that can be complemented by an imaging diagnosis. Sometimes such technologies are not available for use, therefore, more comprehensive knowledge about clinical signs and anamnesis are indispensable for a correct diagnosis. Palliative drug therapies are an excellent option for most cases presented in the literature and clinical routine, since they provide better quality of life by decreasing or eliminating clinical signs, besides being easily administered by tutors. The therapy proved to be of great value for the improvement of the clinical signs of the evaluated dog, confirming the importance of knowledge of the appropriate prescriptions for each case and reinforcing that consultation with one was important in defining the diagnosis and symptomatic treatment.

Intraoperative fluid therapy for video-assisted ovariohysterectomy in dogs.

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative fluids are still poorly studied in veterinary medicine. In humans the dosage is associated with significant differences in postoperative outcomes. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to verify the influence of three different fluid therapy rates in dogs undergoing video-assisted ovariohysterectomy. METHODS: Twenty-four female dogs were distributed into three groups: G5, G10, and G20. Each group was given 5, 10, and 20 mL·kg-1·h-1 of Lactate Ringer, respectively. This study evaluated the following parameters: central venous pressure, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, acid-base balance, and serum lactate levels. Additionally, this study evaluated the following urinary variables: urea, creatinine, protein to creatinine ratio, urine output, and urine specific gravity. The dogs were evaluated up to 26 h after the procedure. RESULTS: All animals presented respiratory acidosis during the intraoperative period. The G5 group evidenced intraoperative oliguria (0.80 ± 0.38 mL·kg-1·h-1), differing from the G20 group (2.17 ± 0.52 mL·kg-1·h-1) (p = 0.001). Serum lactate was different between groups during extubation (p = 0.036), with higher values being recorded in the G5 group (2.19 ± 1.65 mmol/L). Animals from the G20 group presented more severe hypothermia at the end of the procedure (35.93 ± 0.61°C) (p = 0.032). Only the members of the G20 group presented mean potassium values below the reference for the species. Anion gap values were lower in the G20 group when compared to the G5 and G10 groups (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: The use of lactated Ringer's solution at the rate of 10 mL·kg-1·h-1 seems to be beneficial in the elective laparoscopic procedures over the 5 or 20 mL·kg-1·h-1 rates of infusion.

Red reflex technique training simulator in newborns / Simulador para o treinamento da técnica do reflexo vermelho em recém-nascidos

Abstract: Introduction: The Red Reflex Test (RRT) consists of visualizing the reflection that light causes in the retina when it passes through the pupil. It is a screening test for pathologies that can lead to blindness, which still have great social and economic impact on families and the government. Teaching through simulators allows students and health professionals to acquire and improve their clinical skills. Objective: The aim of the study is to develop a low-cost dummy, 3D printed and based on the Arduino platform, for the training of the red reflex technique (RRT) in newborns and evaluate its educational effectiveness. Method: A RRT dummy was presented to 7 expert judges: 6 pediatricians and 1 ophthalmologist to evaluate its applicability in medical learning. For this purpose, they used a 14-item Likert scale of 5 points. Subsequently, 40 individuals participated in a course: 33 medical students, 5 pediatric residents, a nurse and a general physician. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups: control (CG) and experimental (EG) group. Each group consisted of 20 participants. The EG went through 4 stages: 1) theoretical background; 2) handling of the simulator; 3) simulated clinical practice and; 4) evaluation in real-life patients. Whereas the CG went through the following teaching methodological processes: 1) theoretical background; 2) direct training in real-life patients and; 4) practical evaluation in a real-life patient. After each respective group intervention, both groups were assessed on their learning in 40 newborns at Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará Foundation in Belém, state of Pará, Brazil. Results: At the judges' evaluation regarding the simulator positive items (design, similarity, interest, relevance, content, memorization, didactics, previous reminiscence, comprehension and application), 49.2% answered 'strongly agree' and 44.4%, 'agree'. Regarding the negative questions (difficulty in understanding, information overload, abstraction, difficulty in handling and clarity of operation), 40.0% answered 'strongly disagree', and 57.1%, 'disagree'. The judges were 94.9% favorable to the use of the simulator in medical education. However, comparing the two groups of students, regarding the time of exam, the results showed no statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.29). Conclusions: The dummy showed its applicability for the learning of RRT, with the advantage of being able to perform the exam without having to disturb a real-life patient.

Resumo: Introdução: O Teste do Reflexo Vermelho (TRV) consiste em visualizar o reflexo que a luz causa na retina ao passar pela pupila. Dessa forma, o TRV tria patologias que levam à cegueira e pode reduzir o impacto social e econômico das famílias e do governo. O ensino por meio de simuladores permite que estudantes e profissionais de saúde adquiram e melhorem as habilidades clínicas. Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivos desenvolver um manequim de baixo custo, impresso em 3D e baseado na plataforma Arduino, para o treinamento do TRV em recém-nascidos e avaliar a eficácia educacional desse exame. Métodos: Um manequim do TRV foi apresentado a sete juízes especialistas - seis pediatras e um oftalmologista - que avaliaram a aplicabilidade do teste na aprendizagem médica. Para isso, utilizaram a escala Likert de 14 itens de 5 pontos. Posteriormente, 40 participantes participaram de um curso: 33 estudantes de Medicina, cinco residentes em pediatria, uma enfermeira e um médico generalista. Dividiram-se aleatoriamente os participantes em dois grupos: controle (GC) e experimental (GE). Cada grupo foi composto por 20 participantes. Submeteu-se o GC ao ensino convencional em pacientes reais. O GE passou por quatro etapas: 1. fundamentação teórica, 2. manipulação do simulador, 3. prática clínica simulada e 4. avaliação nos pacientes reais. No GC, adotaram-se os seguintes passos: 1. fundamentação teórica, 2. treinamento direto em pacientes reais e 3. avaliação em pacientes reais. Após a intervenção de cada grupo, os dois grupos foram avaliados quanto à aprendizagem em 40 recém-nascidos da Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará, em Belém, no Pará. Resultados: Na avaliação dos juízes em relação aos itens positivos para o simulador (design, similaridade, interesse, relevância, conteúdo, memorização, didática, reminiscência anterior, compreensão e aplicação), 49,2% afirmaram que concordavam fortemente e 44,4% mencionaram apenas que concordavam. Nas questões negativas (dificuldade de entendimento, sobrecarga de informação, abstração, dificuldade de manuseio e clareza de operação), 40,0% discordaram fortemente e 57,1% discordaram. Os juízes concordaram em 94,9% a favor do uso do simulador na educação médica. Porém, comparando os dois grupos de estudantes, em relação ao tempo de exame, os resultados não mostraram diferença estatisticamente significante (p = 0,29). Conclusão: O manequim mostrou aplicabilidade na aprendizagem do TRV, com a vantagem de realizar o exame sem que o paciente real fosse incomodado.

Empirical Evaluation of a 3D Virtual Simulator of Hysteroscopy Using Leap Motion for Gestural Interfacing.

Surgical training using 3D virtual reality simulators has become an important routine in medical education. Recent research points to Leap Motion as an exciting interface for the control of virtual surgical instruments due to its simplicity and low-cost characteristics. However, previous studies using Leap Motion only evaluated movements of the whole hand, without considering individual finger movements during the manipulation of surgical instruments. This work investigates the use of Leap Motion as an interface for the capture of basic hand and finger movements during a simulated hysteroscopy using a 3D-printed hysteroscope model. We created a virtual simulated uterine environment containing a hysteroscope controlled by movements of the hand and fingers of a user actuating on a 3D-printed model hysteroscope. The model hysteroscope was positioned in a pivot basis allowing the capture of the following basic movements: leftward/rightward, upward/downward, forward/backward, and extrusion/retraction of the virtual resection loop (which rests on the end of the virtual virtual resectoscope). The findings indicate that the arc-shaped paths of the hysteroscope's alpha plane (rightward/leftward) and beta plane (upward/downward) movements are satisfactorily simulated by the virtual reality system. Using Intraclass Correlation, was noted that the similarity between the calculated (ideal standard) and measured arcs was highly significant on both planes (r = 0.9599 on the alpha plane, and r = 0.9208 on the beta plane). Also, the forward/backward trajectory is a straight line; the pinch gesture decreases its accuracy when increase its distance from the Interaction Box of Leap Motion. The results were satisfactorily since compared with previous works, which used Leap Motion for the capture of hands-free gesturing.

Clinical determination of the nutritional status of companion animals / Avaliação clínica do estado nutricional de animais de companhia

A well-nourished animal is predisposed to good quality of life, health and high longevity. On the other hand, malnourished animals are predisposed to higher morbidity and mortality rates, recurrent hospitalizations, longer hospitalization times, and high health care expenditures. Malnutrition is associated with metabolic alterations and systemic dysfunctions, such as immunosuppression, impaired healing, and loss of weight due to reduced muscle and adipose mass, in addition to worsening skin and coat appearance. Nutritional assessment quantifies not only malnutrition and overweight but also how much these deviations would influence a patient"s prognosis. In addition, the identification of malnourished animals allows the performance of specific nutritional treatments, with consequent clinical improvement. There are several techniques to evaluate nutritional status (NS) in dogs and cats; however, because they are individually limited, it is highly recommended to incorporate different methods before completing each case assessment. This literature review gathered information on the techniques of NS assessment during clinical examination, including anamnesis and physical examination. The importance of the manuscript is justified by the lack of nutritional semiology of small animals in the literature. In summary, there are useful markers of NS in companion animals: weight variation...(AU)

Um animal bem nutrido é tendenciado a boa qualidade de vida, saúde e alta longevidade. Por outro lado, o animal desnutrido é predisposto a maiores taxas de morbidade e mortalidade, internações recorrentes, maior tempo de hospitalização e elevados gastos com cuidados na saúde. A desnutrição está associada a alterações metabólicas e disfunções sistêmicas, como imunodepressão, comprometimento da cicatrização, perda de peso por redução da massa adiposa e muscular, além de piora no aspecto da pele e pelagem. A avaliação nutricional não só quantifica subnutrição e sobrepeso, como também o quanto esses desvios influenciariam o prognóstico de um paciente. Além disso, a identificação dos animais desnutridos permite a realização de tratamentos nutricionais específicos, com consequente melhoria clínica. Existem várias técnicas para avaliar o estado nutricional (EN) em cães e gatos, porém, por serem limitadas individualmente, é altamente recomendável a associação de diferentes métodos, antes da conclusão para um caso. Essa revisão de literatura reúne informações sobre as técnicas de avaliação do EN por exame clínico, incluindo anamnese e exame físico. A importância do manuscrito se justifica pela carência na literatura sobre semiologia nutricional de pequenos animais. Em síntese, são marcadores úteis do EN em animais de companhia: a variação de peso, o escore de massa muscular (EMM) e...(AU)

HIGHER RISK OF COMPLICATIONS AFTER TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY IN OCTOGENARIANS.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the complication rate of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in octogenarian patients and identify predictive factors. METHODS: The study comprised 70 octogenarians and 70 non-octogenarian patients as control group, all submitted to TKA. We analyzed the medical records of these patients, seeking for complications during the first postoperative year. Regarding the risk factors, we evaluated: age, sex, race, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, body mass index, smoking, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: In the control group, the incidence of complications was 7.1%. Whereas in the octogenarian group it was significantly higher, reaching 34.3% (OR 6.8; 95% CI 2.4-19.1). We found no association to sex, skin color, and comorbidities. Age is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications. Our data may help patients to acknowledge the risks of undergoing primary TKA and physicians to assess and adjust perioperative risk. CONCLUSION: The incidence of postoperative complications is significantly higher in octogenarians. Level of Evidence III, Case-control study.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a taxa de complicações da artroplastia total do joelho (ATJ) em pacientes octogenários e tentar identificar fatores preditivos. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo envolvendo 140 pacientes, divididos em dois grupos (70 octogenários e 70 com idade abaixo de 80 anos), submetidos a ATJ no período de janeiro de 2014 a agosto de 2016. Os prontuários desses pacientes foram analisados buscando a presença de complicações ocorridas no prazo de um ano após a cirurgia. Em relação aos fatores de risco foram avaliados idade, sexo, raça, American Society of Anesthesiologists, Indice de Massa Corpórea, tabagismo, hipertensão arterial e diabetes. RESULTADOS: No grupo-controle, a incidência de complicações foi de 7,1%. Já no grupo estudado foi significativamente maior, chegando a 34,3%. A razão de chances para complicações é 6,8, com intervalo de confiança ao nível de 95% igual a (2,4;19,1). A idade maior ou igual a 80 constitui, assim, fator de risco aumentado para a incidência de complicações pós-artroplastia total de joelho. CONCLUSÃO: A ocorrência de complicações após ATJ é significativamente maior no grupo dos octogenários. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo de caso-controle.

Higher risk of complications after total knee arthroplasty in octogenarians / Octogenários apresentam maior risco de complicações após artroplastia total do joelho

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the complication rate of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in octogenarian patients and identify predictive factors. Methods: The study comprised 70 octogenarians and 70 non-octogenarian patients as control group, all submitted to TKA. We analyzed the medical records of these patients, seeking for complications during the first postoperative year. Regarding the risk factors, we evaluated: age, sex, race, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, body mass index, smoking, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Results: In the control group, the incidence of complications was 7.1%. Whereas in the octogenarian group it was significantly higher, reaching 34.3% (OR 6.8; 95% CI 2.4-19.1). We found no association to sex, skin color, and comorbidities. Age is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications. Our data may help patients to acknowledge the risks of undergoing primary TKA and physicians to assess and adjust perioperative risk. Conclusion: The incidence of postoperative complications is significantly higher in octogenarians. Level of Evidence III, Case-control study.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a taxa de complicações da artroplastia total do joelho (ATJ) em pacientes octogenários e tentar identificar fatores preditivos. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo envolvendo 140 pacientes, divididos em dois grupos (70 octogenários e 70 com idade abaixo de 80 anos), submetidos a ATJ no período de janeiro de 2014 a agosto de 2016. Os prontuários desses pacientes foram analisados buscando a presença de complicações ocorridas no prazo de um ano após a cirurgia. Em relação aos fatores de risco foram avaliados idade, sexo, raça, American Society of Anesthesiologists, Indice de Massa Corpórea, tabagismo, hipertensão arterial e diabetes. Resultados: No grupo-controle, a incidência de complicações foi de 7,1%. Já no grupo estudado foi significativamente maior, chegando a 34,3%. A razão de chances para complicações é 6,8, com intervalo de confiança ao nível de 95% igual a (2,4;19,1). A idade maior ou igual a 80 constitui, assim, fator de risco aumentado para a incidência de complicações pós-artroplastia total de joelho. Conclusão: A ocorrência de complicações após ATJ é significativamente maior no grupo dos octogenários. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo de caso-controle.

Data-driven study of the COVID-19 pandemic via age-structured modelling and prediction of the health system failure in Brazil amid diverse intervention strategies.

In this work we propose a data-driven age-structured census-based SIRD-like epidemiological model capable of forecasting the spread of COVID-19 in Brazil. We model the current scenario of closed schools and universities, social distancing of people above sixty years old and voluntary home quarantine to show that it is still not enough to protect the health system by explicitly computing the demand for hospital intensive care units. We also show that an urgent intense quarantine might be the only solution to avoid the collapse of the health system and, consequently, to minimize the quantity of deaths. On the other hand, we demonstrate that the relaxation of the already imposed control measures in the next days would be catastrophic.

Correction to: Modeling the inactivation of Lactobacillus brevis DSM 6235 and retaining the viability of brewing pitching yeast submitted to acid and chlorine washing.

There is an error in the original publication of this paper for the below data was missed by author. It should be under "Conflict of interest" statement.

Inactivation kinetics of beer spoilage bacteria (Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei, and Pediococcus damnosus) during acid washing of brewing yeast.

This work aimed to estimate the inactivation kinetic parameters of four potential beer spoilage bacteria (Lactobacillus brevis DSM 6235, Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334, Pediococcus damnosus DSM 20289 and Pediococcus damnosus ATCC 29358) inoculated in brewing yeast submitted to acid washing with purposes of yeast recycle. The experiments were conducted at 4 °C in solutions with pH 1.5, pH 2, and pH 3 adjusted employing 85% phosphoric acid. The acid washing treatment of brewing yeasts in the most common pH used (pH 2.0) demanded almost 50 min for the first decimal reduction (δ) of L. brevis DSM 6235. Sensible strains to acid washing such as P. damnosus DSM 20289 demanded almost 70 min for 4 log reductions to be achieved. On the other hand, pH reduction of the acid washing from 2.0 to 1.5 allowed 4 log reduction of L. brevis DSM 6235) to be obtained in less than 50 min, without ruining brewer's yeast viability. Acid washing in pH 1.5 is a viable method for the inactivation of bacterial contaminants of brewing yeasts. Recycling of brewing yeasts through this approach may contribute to a more sustainable and environmental-friendly industry.

Statistical Properties of the Quantum Internet.

Steady technological advances are paving the way for the implementation of the quantum internet, a network of locations interconnected by quantum channels. Here we propose a model to simulate a quantum internet based on optical fibers and employ network-theory techniques to characterize the statistical properties of the photonic networks it generates. Our model predicts a continuous phase transition between a disconnected and a highly connected phase and that the typical photonic networks do not present the small world property. We compute the critical exponents characterizing the phase transition, provide quantitative estimates for the minimum density of nodes needed to have a fully connected network and for the average distance between nodes. Our results thus provide quantitative benchmarks for the development of a quantum internet.

Modeling the inactivation of Lactobacillus brevis DSM 6235 and retaining the viability of brewing pitching yeast submitted to acid and chlorine washing.

This study aimed to model the inactivation of Lactobacillus brevis DSM 6235 while retaining the viability of yeasts during washing brewer's yeast with phosphoric acid and chlorine dioxide. The independent variables in the acid washing were pH (1-3) and temperature (1-9 °C), whereas in the washing with chlorine dioxide, concentration (10-90 mg/L) and temperature (5-25 °C) were assessed. The predictive models obtained for the four response variables γLA, γCl (decimal reduction of L. brevis DSM 6235), Vf/V0LA, and Vf/V0Cl (brewer's yeast viability ratio) were found to have R2 > 0.80 and values of Fcalc > Freference. Then, the models were considered predictive and statistically significant (p < 0.10). Our results indicated that phosphoric acid and chlorine dioxide washing resulted in up to 7 and 6.4 (log CFU/mL) decimal reductions of L. brevis DSM 6235, respectively. On the other hand, the viability of the brewer's yeast ranged from 22.3 to 99.4%. L. brevis DSM 6235 inactivation was significantly influenced by parameters pH(Q) and T°C(Q) when phosphoric acid was applied, and by parameters mg/L(L), mg/L(Q), T°C(Q), and mg/L × T°C when ClO2 was applied. The validation of the models resulted in bias (γLA, 0.93/Vf/V0LA, 0.99 - γCl, 1.0/Vf/V0Cl, 0.99) and accuracy values (γLA, 1.12/Vf/V0LA, 1.01 - γCl, 1.08/Vf/V0Cl, 1.03). The results of this study indicate that it might be possible to decontaminate brewer's yeast through acid and chlorine dioxide washing while keeping its viability. This procedure will result in the reduction of costs and the lower generation of brewer's waste.

Determination of the reference interval of the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio and its efficiency, CRP and albumin as prognostic markers in dogs / Determinação do intervalo de referência e da eficiência da relação proteína C-reativa/albumina, PCR e albumina como marcadores prognósticos em cães

The objective of this research was to creates a reference interval for C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio (CAR) in the canine species and to analyze the potential of CRP, albumin and the relationship between both, to serve as indicators of disease severity, length of hospital stay (LoS) and mortality in this species. For this, an outcome study was conducted in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in southern Brazil. One hundred ninety dogs were included randomly, without distinction of gender, age, or breed, from June 2013 to November 2016. Plasma was collected from them and analyzed for assessment of CRP and albumin. The reference range stipulated for CAR in dogs was 0.36-0.60, as determined by the confidence interval of mean resamplings (in percentiles). The frequencies mean, and standard deviations of the variables, correlation analysis, and comparative analysis (Kruskal-Wallis in α = 5%) were calculated. Elevation (above reference) of CAR was determined to be proportional to the severity of the underlying disease, and CRP means were reasonable. Besides, hypoalbuminemia was indicative of systemic disease, but not of severity. Thus, CAR was a better marker of disease severity than were CRP and albumin, analyzed separately. Concerning LoS, there was a positive correlation with CAR (p<0.01) in patients, and the same was not observed with CRP and albumin. Concerning mortality, hypoalbuminemia was the only marker valid in animals with a critical illness (p=0.04). In conclusion, CAR is a better marker of disease severity and LoS in dogs than are CRP and albumin analyzed separately.(AU)

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar um intervalo de referência para a relação proteína C reativa (PCR)/albumina (R:PCR/ALB) na espécie canina e analisar o potencial de PCR, albumina e a relação entre ambas como indicadores de gravidade de doença, tempo de internação (TI) e mortalidade nesta espécie. Para isso, um estudo foi realizado em um Hospital Veterinário Escola no sul do Brasil. Cento e noventa cães foram incluídos aleatoriamente, sem distinção de sexo, idade ou raça, de junho de 2013 a novembro de 2016. O plasma foi coletado e analisado para avaliação da PCR e albumina. O intervalo de referência estipulado para o R:PCR/ALB em cães foi de 0,36-0,60, conforme determinado pelo intervalo de confiança da média das reamostragens (em percentis). Foram calculadas as frequências, médias e desvios-padrões das variáveis, análises de correlação e análises comparativas (Kruskal-Wallis em α = 5%). Notou-se elevação (acima da referência) da R:PCR/ALB proporcional à gravidade da doença de base, sendo normais as médias da PCR. Adicionalmente, a hipoalbuminemia foi indicadora de doença sistêmica, mas, não de gravidade. Dessa forma, a R:PCR/ALB foi melhor indicadora de gravidade de doença do que a PCR e albumina, analisadas separadamente. Em relação ao TI, houve correlação positiva com a R:PCR/ALB (p<0,01) em doentes, não sendo observado o mesmo com a PCR e albumina. Em relação à mortalidade, a hipoalbuminemia foi a única marcadora válida em animais com doenças críticas (p=0,04). Conclui-se, portanto, que a R:PCR/ALB é melhor marcadora de gravidade de doença e TI em cães do que a PCR e albumina analisadas separadamente.(AU)

Determination of the reference interval of the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio and its efficiency, CRP and albumin as prognostic markers in dogs / Determinação do intervalo de referência e da eficiência da relação proteína C-reativa/albumina, PCR e albumina como marcadores prognósticos em cães

The objective of this research was to creates a reference interval for C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio (CAR) in the canine species and to analyze the potential of CRP, albumin and the relationship between both, to serve as indicators of disease severity, length of hospital stay (LoS) and mortality in this species. For this, an outcome study was conducted in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in southern Brazil. One hundred ninety dogs were included randomly, without distinction of gender, age, or breed, from June 2013 to November 2016. Plasma was collected from them and analyzed for assessment of CRP and albumin. The reference range stipulated for CAR in dogs was 0.36-0.60, as determined by the confidence interval of mean resamplings (in percentiles). The frequencies mean, and standard deviations of the variables, correlation analysis, and comparative analysis (Kruskal-Wallis in α = 5%) were calculated. Elevation (above reference) of CAR was determined to be proportional to the severity of the underlying disease, and CRP means were reasonable. Besides, hypoalbuminemia was indicative of systemic disease, but not of severity. Thus, CAR was a better marker of disease severity than were CRP and albumin, analyzed separately. Concerning LoS, there was a positive correlation with CAR (p<0.01) in patients, and the same was not observed with CRP and albumin. Concerning mortality, hypoalbuminemia was the only marker valid in animals with a critical illness (p=0.04). In conclusion, CAR is a better marker of disease severity and LoS in dogs than are CRP and albumin analyzed separately.(AU)

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar um intervalo de referência para a relação proteína C reativa (PCR)/albumina (R:PCR/ALB) na espécie canina e analisar o potencial de PCR, albumina e a relação entre ambas como indicadores de gravidade de doença, tempo de internação (TI) e mortalidade nesta espécie. Para isso, um estudo foi realizado em um Hospital Veterinário Escola no sul do Brasil. Cento e noventa cães foram incluídos aleatoriamente, sem distinção de sexo, idade ou raça, de junho de 2013 a novembro de 2016. O plasma foi coletado e analisado para avaliação da PCR e albumina. O intervalo de referência estipulado para o R:PCR/ALB em cães foi de 0,36-0,60, conforme determinado pelo intervalo de confiança da média das reamostragens (em percentis). Foram calculadas as frequências, médias e desvios-padrões das variáveis, análises de correlação e análises comparativas (Kruskal-Wallis em α = 5%). Notou-se elevação (acima da referência) da R:PCR/ALB proporcional à gravidade da doença de base, sendo normais as médias da PCR. Adicionalmente, a hipoalbuminemia foi indicadora de doença sistêmica, mas, não de gravidade. Dessa forma, a R:PCR/ALB foi melhor indicadora de gravidade de doença do que a PCR e albumina, analisadas separadamente. Em relação ao TI, houve correlação positiva com a R:PCR/ALB (p<0,01) em doentes, não sendo observado o mesmo com a PCR e albumina. Em relação à mortalidade, a hipoalbuminemia foi a única marcadora válida em animais com doenças críticas (p=0,04). Conclui-se, portanto, que a R:PCR/ALB é melhor marcadora de gravidade de doença e TI em cães do que a PCR e albumina analisadas separadamente.(AU)

Clinical determination of the nutritional status of companion animals / Avaliação clínica do estado nutricional de animais de companhia

A well-nourished animal is predisposed to good quality of life, health and high longevity. On the other hand, malnourished animals are predisposed to higher morbidity and mortality rates, recurrent hospitalizations, longer hospitalization times, and high health care expenditures. Malnutrition is associated with metabolic alterations and systemic dysfunctions, such as immunosuppression, impaired healing, and loss of weight due to reduced muscle and adipose mass, in addition to worsening skin and coat appearance. Nutritional assessment quantifies not only malnutrition and overweight but also how much these deviations would influence a patient's prognosis. In addition, the identification of malnourished animals allows the performance of specific nutritional treatments, with consequent clinical improvement. There are several techniques to evaluate nutritional status (NS) in dogs and cats; however, because they are individually limited, it is highly recommended to incorporate different methods before completing each case assessment. This literature review gathered information on the techniques of NS assessment during clinical examination, including anamnesis and physical examination. The importance of the manuscript is justified by the lack of nutritional semiology of small animals in the literature. In summary, there are useful markers of NS in companion animals: weight variation,

Um animal bem nutrido é tendenciado a boa qualidade de vida, saúde e alta longevidade. Por outro lado, o animal desnutrido é predisposto a maiores taxas de morbidade e mortalidade, internações recorrentes, maior tempo de hospitalização e elevados gastos com cuidados na saúde. A desnutrição está associada a alterações metabólicas e disfunções sistêmicas, como imunodepressão, comprometimento da cicatrização, perda de peso por redução da massa adiposa e muscular, além de piora no aspecto da pele e pelagem. A avaliação nutricional não só quantifica subnutrição e sobrepeso, como também o quanto esses desvios influenciariam o prognóstico de um paciente. Além disso, a identificação dos animais desnutridos permite a realização de tratamentos nutricionais específicos, com consequente melhoria clínica. Existem várias técnicas para avaliar o estado nutricional (EN) em cães e gatos, porém, por serem limitadas individualmente, é altamente recomendável a associação de diferentes métodos, antes da conclusão para um caso. Essa revisão de literatura reúne informações sobre as técnicas de avaliação do EN por exame clínico, incluindo anamnese e exame físico. A importância do manuscrito se justifica pela carência na literatura sobre semiologia nutricional de pequenos animais. Em síntese, são marcadores úteis do EN em animais de companhi