Catalysts for C-N coupling in urea electrosynthesis under ambient conditions from carbon dioxide and nitrogenous species.

Urea is an indispensable nitrogen-containing organic compound in modern human life. However, the current industrial synthesis of urea involves ammonia, which is produced through the Haber-Bosch process under harsh reaction conditions, causing huge energy consumption and heavy environmental pollution. Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogenous species (N2, NOx- and NO) have achieved significant progress, offering a promising approach for the electrochemical C-N coupling to produce urea under ambient conditions. Urea synthesis driven by renewable electricity represents a suitable alternative to the traditional process, contributing to the goal of carbon neutrality and nitrogen cycles. However, challenges such as low yield rate, poor selectivity and unveiled reaction mechanisms still need to be addressed. This review provides a summary of the latest catalysts utilized in urea electrosynthesis, aiming to provide guidance and prospects for the development of high-performance catalysts.

[Clinical Multi-features Analysis of Cystic Lung Adenocarcinoma 
and Construction of Invasive Risk Prediction Model].

BACKGROUND: Cystic lung cancer, a special type of lung cancer, has been paid more and more attention. The most common pathological type of cystic lung cancer is adenocarcinoma. The invasiveness of cystic lung adenocarcinoma is vital for the selection of clinical treatment and prognosis. The aim of this study is to analyze the multiple clinical features of cystic lung adenocarcinoma, explore the independent risk factors of its invasiveness, and establish a risk prediction model. METHODS: A total of 129 cases of cystic lung adenocarcinoma admitted to the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2021 to July 2022 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into pre-invasive group [atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA)] and invasive group [invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC)] according to pathological findings. There were 47 cases in the pre-invasive group, including 19 males and 28 females, with an average age of (51.23±14.96) years. There were 82 cases in the invasive group, including 60 males and 22 females, with an average age of (61.27±11.74) years. Multiple clinical features of the two groups were collected, including baseline data, imaging data and tumor markers. Univariate analysis, LASSO regression and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to screen out the independent risk factors of the invasiveness of cystic lung adenocarcinoma, and the risk prediction model was established. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, age, gender, smoking history, history of emphysema, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), number of cystic airspaces, lesion diameter, cystic cavity diameter, nodule diameter, solid components diameter, cyst wall nodule, smoothness of cyst wall, shape of cystic airspace, lobulation, short burr sign, pleural retraction, vascular penetration and bronchial penetration were statistically different between the pre-invasive group and invasive groups (P<0.05). The above variables were processed by LASSO regression dimensionality reduction and screened as follows: age, gender, smoking history, NSE, number of cystic airspaces, lesion diameter, cystic cavity diameter, cyst wall nodule, smoothness of cyst wall and lobulation. Then the above variables were included in multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Cyst wall nodule (P=0.035) and lobulation (P=0.001) were found to be independent risk factors for the invasiveness of cystic lung adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). The prediction model was established as follows: P=e^x/(1+e^x), x=-7.927+1.476* cyst wall nodule+2.407* lobulation, and area under the curve (AUC) was 0.950. CONCLUSIONS: Cyst wall nodule and lobulation are independent risk factors for the invasiveness of cystic lung adenocarcinoma, which have certain guiding significance for the prediction of the invasiveness of cystic lung adenocarcinoma.

Reconfigurable Resistive Switching in VO2/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/Al2O3 (0001) Memristive Devices for Neuromorphic Computing.

The coexistence of nonvolatile and volatile switching modes in a single memristive device provides flexibility to emulate both neuronal and synaptic functions in the brain. Furthermore, such a device structure may eliminate the need for additional circuit elements such as transistor-based selectors, enabling low-power consumption and high-density device integration in fully memristive spiking neural networks. In this work, we report dual resistive switching (RS) modes in VO2/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) bilayer memristive devices. Specifically, the nonvolatile RS is driven by the movement of oxygen vacancies (Vo) at the VO2/LSMO interface and requires a higher biasing voltage, whereas the volatile RS is controlled by the metal-insulator transition (MIT) of VO2 under a lower biasing voltage. The simple device structure is electrically driven between the two RS modes and thus can operate as a one selector-one resistor (1S1R) cell, which is a desirable feature in memristive crossbar arrays to avoid the sneak-path current issue. The RS modes are found to be stable and repeatable and can be reconfigured by exploiting the interfacial and phase transition properties, and thus, they hold great promise for applications in memristive neural networks and neuromorphic computing.

Structural alignment of ZnO columns across multiple monolayer MoS2 layers as compliant substrates.

Understanding the behavior of materials in multi-dimensional architectures composed of atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials and three-dimensional (3D) materials has become mandatory for progress in materials preparation via various epitaxy techniques, such as van der Waals and remote epitaxy methods. We investigated the growth behavior of ZnO on monolayer MoS2 as a model system to study the growth of a 3D material on a 2D material, which is beyond the scope of remote and van der Waals epitaxy. The study revealed column-to-column alignment and inversion of crystallinity, which can be explained by combinatorial epitaxy, grain alignment across an atomically sharp interface, and a compliant substrate. The growth study enabled the formation of a ZnO/MoS2 heterostructure with type-I band alignment. Our findings will have a scientific impact on realizing 2D/3D heterostructures for practical device applications.

Exploring the role of exosomal MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers in preeclampsia.

The complex pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE), a significant contributor to maternal and neonatal mortality globally, is poorly understood despite substantial research. This review explores the involvement of exosomal microRNAs (exomiRs) in PE, focusing on their impact on the protein kinase B (AKT)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway as well as endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Specifically, this article amalgamates existing evidence to reveal the pivotal role of exomiRs in regulating mesenchymal stem cell and trophoblast function, placental angiogenesis, the renin-angiotensin system, and nitric oxide production, which may contribute to PE etiology. This review emphasizes the limited knowledge regarding the role of exomiRs in PE while underscoring the potential of exomiRs as non-invasive biomarkers for PE diagnosis, prediction, and treatment. Further, it provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of PE, highlighting exomiRs as key players with clinical implications, warranting further exploration to enhance the current understanding and the development of novel therapeutic interventions.

Inflammation and Connexin 43 profiles in the prefrontal cortex are relevant to stress susceptibility and resilience in mice.

Depression is a major chronic mental illness worldwide, characterized by anhedonia and pessimism. Exposed to the same stressful stimuli, some people behave normally, while others exhibit negative behaviors and psychology. The exact molecular mechanisms linking stress-induced depressive susceptibility and resilience remain unclear. Connexin 43 (Cx43) forms gap junction channels between the astrocytes, acting as a crucial role in the pathogenesis of depression. Cx43 dysfunction could lead to depressive behaviors, and depression down-regulates the expression of Cx43 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Besides, accumulating evidence indicates that inflammation is one of the most common pathological features of the central nervous system dysfunction. However, the roles of Cx43 and peripheral inflammation in stress-susceptible and stress-resilient individuals have rarely been investigated. Thus, animals were classified into the chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-susceptible group and the CUS-resilient group based on the performance of behavioral tests following the CUS protocol in this study. The protein expression of Cx43 in the PFC, the Cx43 functional changes in the PFC, and the expression levels including interleukin (IL)-1ß, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, IL-2, IL-10, and IL-18 in the peripheral serum were detected. Here, we found that stress exposure triggered a significant reduction in Cx43 protein expression in the CUS-susceptible mice but not in the CUS-resilient mice accompanied by various Cx43 phosphorylation expression and the changes of inflammatory signals. Stress resilience is associated with Cx43 in the PFC and fluctuation in inflammatory signaling, showing that therapeutic targeting of these pathways might promote stress resilience.

Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma/Waldenström Macroglobulinemia Diagnosed Following Recurrent Epistaxis.

We present a rare case of Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma/Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (LPL/WM) diagnosed in a 65-year-old female initially presenting with recurrent bilateral epistaxis. Despite multiple cauterizations and a history of ineffective conventional treatments, comprehensive evaluations led to the diagnosis, underscoring the critical need for thorough investigation in persistent epistaxis cases, particularly when standard approaches fail. This case emphasizes the importance of considering indolent lymphomas in the differential diagnosis of recurrent epistaxis and showcases the diagnostic pathway leading to successful identification and treatment of a rare etiology. Laryngoscope, 2024.

Relationship between bleeding sites and clinical data: experience of 646 epistaxis cases in 8 years.

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the bleeding sites and their relationship with clinical characteristics in hospitalized epistaxis patients. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 646 hospitalized epistaxis patients. RESULTS: The bleeding sites were identified in 395 (61.1%) patients and unidentified in 251 (38.9%). We found that age > 50 years (P = 0.030) and the history of cardiovascular diseases (P = 0.027) were more frequent in patients with unidentified bleeding sites. Among patients with identified sites, inferior meatus (n = 130, 32.9%) was the most common site, followed by the septal surface of the olfactory region (n = 102, 25.8%), nasal septum (n = 80, 20.3%), middle meatus (n = 60, 15.2%), and others (n = 23, 5.8%). After dividing patients into five groups by the area of the bleeding sites, we found significant differences in age (P = 0.026), history of hypertension (P = 0.001), cardiovascular diseases (P = 0.032), and nasal packing (P = 0.011). The logistic regression also revealed that these four factors were predictors for different bleeding sites. CONCLUSION: The bleeding sites can be identified in most epistaxis patients. Age > 50 years and the history of cardiovascular diseases are more frequent in patients with unidentified bleeding sites. In our patients, the most common bleeding site is inferior meatus, followed by the septal surface of the olfactory region, nasal septum, and middle meatus. Age, histories of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and nasal packing are factors associated with the bleeding risks of different bleeding sites. According to the different clinical characteristics of patients, the order of the nasal endoscopic examination should be adjusted to develop their treatment plans.

CT imaging features of lung ground-glass nodule patients with upgraded intraoperative frozen pathology.

PURPOSE: Intraoperative frozen section pathology (FS) is widely used to guide surgical strategies while the accuracy is relatively low. Underestimating the pathological condition may result in inadequate surgical margins. This study aims to identify CT imaging features related to upgraded FS and develop a predictive model. METHODS: Collected data from 860 patients who underwent lung surgery from January to December 2019. We analyzed the consistency rate of FS and categorized the patients into three groups: Group 1 (n = 360) had both FS and Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded section (FP) as non-invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC); Group 2 (n = 128) had FS as non-IAC but FP as IAC; Group 3 (n = 372) had both FS and FP as IAC. Clinical baseline characteristics were compared and propensity score adjustment was used to mitigate the effects of these characteristics. Univariate analyses identified imaging features with inter-group differences. A multivariate analysis was conducted to screen independent risk factors for FS upgrade, after which a logistic regression prediction model was established and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted. RESULTS: The consistency rate of FS with FP was 84.19%. 26.67% of the patients with non-IAC FS diagnosis were upgraded to IAC. The predictive model's Area Under Curve (AUC) is 0.785. Consolidation tumor ratio (CTR) ≤ 0.5 and smaller nodule diameter are associated with the underestimation of IAC in FS. CONCLUSION: CT imaging has the capacity to effectively detect patients at risk of upstaging during FS.

Incidence, prognostic factors, and a nomogram of cervical cancer with lung metastasis: A SEER-based study.

AIMS: The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence, survival and prognostic factors of cervical cancer with lung metastasis at the initial diagnosis and to develop a visual nomogram to predict the prognosis of these patients. METHODS: We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database to screen patients diagnosed with cervical cancer from 2010 to 2015. After strict inclusion and exclusion, the chi-square test was used to evaluate the differences in the clinical characteristics of patients with cervical cancer, and then we used Kaplan-Meier method to perform survival analysis among cervical cancer patients with lung metastasis. Next, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate prognostic factors of these patients and we developed a visualized and novel nomogram to judge the prognosis. RESULTS: 476 patients with lung metastasis and 12,016 patients without lung metastasis were included in this study. The incidence of lung metastasis was higher in unmarried white cervical cancer patients between the ages of 40 and 60, and grade III cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients were more likely to have lung metastasis. In addition, grade, surgery, radiotherapy, sequence of surgery and radiotherapy and chemotherapy were significantly related to the outcomes of cervical cancer patients with lung metastasis. Furthermore, our nomogram could predict the 3-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) of these patients. Finally, the AUC of 3-year OS and 5-year OS were confirmed to be 0.969 and 0.939 respectively by ROC curves, with good consistency. CONCLUSIONS: Age at diagnosis, race, marital status, and characteristics of the tumor can influence the incidence of lung metastasis in cervical cancer patients. Besides, grade, surgery, radiotherapy, sequence of surgery and radiotherapy and chemotherapy may deeply affect the prognosis of cervical cancer patients with lung metastasis. The nomogram built in this study may help clinicians to formulate individualized treatment strategies and encourage the development of more and more comprehensive and accurate predictive models.

The role of ZEB1 in regulating tight junctions in antrochoanal polyp.

Background: Antrochoanal polyp (ACP) is a benign nasal mass of unknown etiology. Tight junctions (TJs) are essential to the epithelial barrier that protects the body from external damage. However, the phenotype of tight junction in ACP is currently unclear. Methods: The samples were collected from 20 controls, 37 patients with ACP and 45 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP). Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunofluorescence staining (IF) were performed to analyze the expressions of TJs markers (ZO-1, claudin-3 and occludin) and ZEB1. hNEpCs were transfected with ZEB1 small interfering RNA (si-ZEB1) or ZEB1 over-expression plasmid (OE-ZEB1). qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the levels of TJs-related markers. Primary human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) were stimulated with IL-17A and si-ZEB1, and the expression of epithelial barrier markers were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Results: Compared to the control group, ACP group showed a significant downregulation in both mRNA and protein levels of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-3. Furthermore, disease severity correlates positively with the degree of disruption of tight junctions. In addition, higher expression levels of ZEB1, IL-17A, and IFN-γ were observed in the ACP group compared to controls. Overexpression of ZEB1 in hNEpCs led to impairments in the levels of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-3, while silencing of ZEB1 expression was found to enhance the barrier function of epithelial cells. Finally, IL-17 stimulation of hNECs impaired the expression of TJs-associated molecules (ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-3), which was effectively reversed by the IL-17A + si-ZEB1 group. Conclusions: The tight junctions in ACP were extremely damaged and were correlated with the severity of the disease. ZEB1 was involved in the pathogenesis of ACP mediated by IL-17A through regulating tight junctions.

Subsurface organic amendment of a saline soil increases ecosystem multifunctionality and sunflower yield.

Salt stress poses a growing constraint to crop productivity in arid regions globally. Previous evidence indicates that organic amendment is a pivotal management practice for enhancing crop yield and soil fertility in agroecosystems. How organic amendment depth influences the interaction between soil health, ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF), and crop yield, however, still remains unclear. Thus, a 3-year field experiment was carried out to investigate the impacts of surface (0-15 cm) and subsurface (15-30 cm) applications of humic acid and manure on the soil quality index (SQI), enzyme activities, EMF, and crop yield on saline soils. Subsurface organic amendment improved the SQI (at the 0-45 cm layers) by 20-47 %, while the surface amendment improved the SQI at the 0-30 cm layer by 15-51 %. The higher soil quality under subsurface organic amendment was characterized by increases in soil organic carbon and available nutrients, and a decrease in electrical conductivity compared to surface organic amendment. The organic amendment increased microbial diversity and richness, stimulated enzyme activities, and ultimately improved soil EMF. The soil EMF increased by 122-214 % at the 0-30 cm layer under subsurface organic amendment and by only 178 % at the 0-15 cm layer under surface organic amendment. Pairwise comparisons further confirmed that electrical conductivity was negatively, and soil organic carbon positively, correlated with soil ecological functions within the 0-45 cm layer. The higher soil quality and microenvironment with better EMF under subsurface organic amendment increased sunflower yield by 16 % and 8 % as compared to inorganic fertilizer only and surface organic amendment, respectively. This relates to the considerable improvement in soil electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon, ß-glucosidase activity, and diversity and richness of microbial communities resulting from deep organic amendment. Overall, subsurface organic amendment is an effective way to enhance soil EMF and crop yield on saline soils.

Factors associated with human papillomavirus persistence after loop electrosurgical excision procedure in patients with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion.

AIM: To seek the high-risk factors of human papillomavirus (HPV) persistence and residual lesion or recurrence after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) focus on the predictive value of intraoperative human papilloma virus (IOP-HPV) testing. METHODS: Intraoperative endocervical sample was obtained with a cytobrush from the remained cervix of 292 patients immediately after LEEP. HPV Genotyping was performed using a polymerase chain reaction technique. All patients followed by HPV genotyping and cytology every 3-6 months. The IOP-HPV testing results and possible risk factors such as age, cytology grade, menopause status, margin involvement, preoperative HPV status, and cervical lesion grade were assessed in predicting persistence of HPV and residual lesion or recurrence after surgery. RESULTS: There were 61 (20.9%) patients presented persistent HPV infection. Multivariate analyses showed that IOP-HPV positive, post-menopause and preoperative HPV multiplex infection was strongly associated with HPV persistence after LEEP, IOP-HPV positive and post-menopause was also associated with residua or recurrent disease after LEEP. CONCLUSIONS: IOP-HPV positive, post-menopause, and preoperative HPV multiplex infection are independent predictors of HPV persistence in patients with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion treated by LEEP. IOP-HPV test is a new approach that may potentially allow for early identification of patients at high risk of HPV persistence and residua or recurrent disease after LEEP, thereby possibly facilitate an attenuated follow-up schedule for negative patients those at low risk of persistent HPV infection.

miR-200a-3p regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps by targeting ZEB1 via ERK/p38 pathway.

BACKGROUND: Several biological processes are regulated by miR-200a-3p, including cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study we aimed to uncover the diagnostic value and molecular mechanisms of miR-200a-3p in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). METHODS: The expressions of miR-200a-3p were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) levels were examined by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. The interaction between miR-200a-3p and ZEB1 was predicted by TargetScan Human 8.0 and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assays. In addition, the effect of miR-200a-3p and ZEB1 on EMT-related makers and inflammation cytokines was assessed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting in human nasal epithelial cells (hNEpCs) and primary human nasal mucosal epithelial cells (hNECs). RESULTS: We found that miR-200a-3p was downregulated in non-eosinophilic and eosinophilic CRSwNP patients when compared with controls. The diagnostic value of miR-200a-3p in serum is reflected by the receiver operating characteristic curve and the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assay identified ZEB1 as a target of miR-200a-3p. ZEB1 was more highly expressed in CRSwNP than in controls. Furthermore, miR-200a-3p inhibitor or ZEB1 overexpression significantly suppressed the epithelial marker E-cadherin; promoted the activation of vimentin, α-spinal muscle atrophy, and N-cadherin; and aggravated inflammation in hNEpCs. Knockdown of ZEB1 significantly alleviated the cellular remodeling caused by miR-200a-3p inhibitor via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/p38 pathway in hNECs. CONCLUSIONS: miR-200a-3p suppresses EMT and inflammation by regulating the expression of ZEB1 via the ERK/p38 pathway. Our study presents new ideas for protecting nasal epithelial cells from tissue remodeling and finding a possible target for disease.

Difference of Antrochoanal Polyps Between Children and Adults in the Chinese Population.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to find the difference in clinical and immunopathological characteristics between children and adults with antrochoanal polyps (ACPs) in the Chinese population. METHODS: The clinical data of 69 patients diagnosed with ACPs were retrospectively analyzed. Cytokine levels in 16 controls and 40 ACPs tissues were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 was measured using qPCR, immunofluorescent staining, and western blot. RESULTS: There were 51 (73.9%) children (<18 years old) and 18 (26.1%) adults (≥18 years old). The sex ratio differed significantly between the two groups (p = 0.0032). There were no significant differences in the nasal side of ACPs and approaches to surgery between the two groups. In both groups, the most common symptom was nasal obstruction, followed by nasal discharge. As for associated nasal diseases, there was a significant difference between the two groups in septal deviation (p = 0.0223). Adult patients showed significantly higher expression of IL-8 mRNA than children (p = 0.0424). The mRNA and protein levels of MMP-9 were also significantly higher in adult patients than in children (p = 0.0498 and 0.0009, respectively). CONCLUSION: In the Chinese population, the comorbidities and immunopathological characteristics of adult ACP patients are different from those of children. The level of IL-8 and MMP-9 was significantly higher in ACPs of adults than in children, which may contribute to the more severe tissue remolding in adult ACP patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 Laryngoscope, 134:2093-2099, 2024.

Machine learning and experimental screening of chromatin regulator signatures and potential drugs in hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma.

Many evidences have confirmed that chromatin regulator factors (CRs) are involved in the progression of cancer, but its potential mechanism of affecting hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma still needs to be studied. Our study detected the CRs that affect hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) through machine learning analysis, conducted the analysis of immune cells, constructed the relevant risk model and immune function infiltration, and predicted the potential therapeutic drugs. We found that these CRs were significantly related to the immune cells of Macrophages, B cells, CD8+T cells, etc., and PBK, AURKA, TOP2A and AURKB were the potential risk CRs of HBV-HCC. The expression levels of these four CRs increased in HepG2.2.15 cells and the liver of HBV-HCC patients, consistent with the predicted risk model. Subsequently, ten potential drugs closely related to the risk CRs were finally obtained, experimental research on resveratrol has shown that it can inhibit the proliferation of HepG2.2.15 cells and potentially inhibit the occurrence and development of HBV-HCC. Our study provides novel insights into the function of CRs in HBV-HCC and certain ideas for more accurate targeted therapy.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Manipulating topological Hall-like signatures by interface engineering in epitaxial ruthenate/manganite heterostructures.

Topologically protected non-trivial spin textures (e.g. skyrmions) give rise to a novel phenomenon called the topological Hall effect (THE) and have promising implications in future energy-efficient nanoelectronic and spintronic devices. Here, we have studied the Hall effect in SrRuO3/La0.42Ca0.58MnO3 (SRO/LCMO) bilayers. Our investigation suggests that pure SRO has hard and soft magnetic characteristics but the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in SRO is governed by the high coercivity phase. We have shown that the proximity effect of a soft magnetic LCMO on SRO plays a critical role in interfacial magnetic coupling and transport properties in SRO. Upon reducing the SRO thickness in the bilayer, the proximity effect becomes the dominant feature, enhancing the magnitude and temperature range of THE-like signatures. The THE-like features in bilayers can be explained by a diffusive Berry phase transition model in the presence of an emergent magnetic state due to interface coupling. This work provides an alternative understanding of THE-like signatures and their manipulation in SRO-based heterostructures, bilayers and superlattices.

Complete genome sequence of "Candidatus Phytoplasma cynodontis" GY2015, a plant pathogen associated with Bermuda grass white leaf disease in Taiwan.

The complete genome sequence of "Candidatus Phytoplasma cynodontis" strain GY2015, which consists of one 498,922-bp circular chromosome, is presented in this work. This uncultivated plant-pathogenic bacterium is associated with Bermuda grass white leaf disease in Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Anisotropic Properties of Epitaxial Ferroelectric Lead-Free 0.5[Ba(Ti0.8Zr0.2)O3]-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 Films.

As the energy demand is expected to double over the next 30 years, there has been a major initiative towards advancing the technology of both energy harvesting and storage for renewable energy. In this work, we explore a subset class of dielectrics for energy storage since ferroelectrics offer a unique combination of characteristics needed for energy storage devices. We investigate ferroelectric lead-free 0.5[Ba(Ti0.8Zr0.2)O3]-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 epitaxial thin films with different crystallographic orientations grown by pulsed laser deposition. We focus our attention on the influence of the crystallographic orientation on the microstructure, ferroelectric, and dielectric properties. Our results indicate an enhancement of the polarization and strong anisotropy in the dielectric response for the (001)-oriented film. The enhanced ferroelectric, energy storage, and dielectric properties of the (001)-oriented film is explained by the coexistence of orthorhombic-tetragonal phase, where the disordered local structure is in its free energy minimum.

Impact of ferroptosis on preeclampsia: A review.

Preeclampsia (PE) is usually associated with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from heightened oxidative stress (OS). Ferroptosis is a unique type of lipid peroxidation-induced iron-dependent cell death distinct from traditional apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis and most likely contributes considerable to PE pathogenesis. At approximately 10-12 weeks of gestation, trophoblasts create an environment rich in oxygen and iron. In patients with PE, ferroptosis-related genes such as HIF1 and MAPK8 are downregulated, whereas PLIN2 is upregulated. Furthermore, miR-30b-5p overexpression inhibits solute carrier family 11 member 2, resulting in a decrease in glutathione levels and an increase in the labile iron pool. At the maternal-fetal interface, physiological hypoxia/reperfusion and excessive iron result in lipid peroxidation and ROS production. Owing to the high expression of Fpn and polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipid-related enzymes, including acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4, lysophosphatidylcholine acyl-transferase 3, and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1, trophoblasts become more susceptible to OS and ROS damage. In stage 1, the injured trophoblasts exhibit poor invasion and incomplete uterine spiral artery remodeling caused by ferroptosis, leading to placental ischemia and hypoxia. Subsequently, ferroptosis marked by OS occurs in stage 2, eventually causing PE. We aimed to explore the new therapeutic target of PE through OS in ferroptosis.