Volume-Metallization 3D-Printed Polymer Composites.

3D printing polymer or metal can achieve complicated structures while lacking multifunctional performance. Combined printing of polymer and metal is desirable and challenging due to their insurmountable mismatch in melting-point temperatures. Here, a novel volume-metallization 3D-printed polymer composite (VMPC) with bicontinuous phases for enabling coupled structure and function, which are prepared by infilling low-melting-point metal (LM) to controllable porous configuration is reported. Based on vacuum-assisted low-pressure conditions, LM is guided by atmospheric pressure action and overcomes surface tension to spread along the printed polymer pore channel, enabling the complete filling saturation of porous structures for enhanced tensile strength (up to 35.41 MPa), thermal (up to 25.29 Wm-1K-1) and electrical (>106 S m-1) conductivities. The designed 3D-printed microstructure-oriented can achieve synergistic anisotropy in mechanics (1.67), thermal (27.2), and electrical (>1012) conductivities. VMPC multifunction is demonstrated, including customized 3D electronics with elevated strength, electromagnetic wave-guided transport and signal amplification, heat dissipation device for chip temperature control, and storage components for thermoelectric generator energy conversion with light-heat-electricity.

Comparison of selective laser melting and stereolithography etching templates for guided endodontics.

Background: With the increasing application of guided endodontics to treat complex root canal treatment, the entire process of root canal treatment has become more precise, reducing damage to tooth structure and improving success rates. However, due to the limitations of the operating space, the use of guided endodontic templates in posterior root canal treatment is less common. This study aims to compare the accuracy and reliability of selective laser melting (SLM) and traditional stereolithography etching (SLA) guided endodontic templates for posterior root canals, providing better treatment strategies for posterior root canal treatment. Methods: The teeth were randomly assigned to either SLM or SLA group. Preoperative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and a three-dimensional (3D) scanner were used to establish the 3D root canal system and the accurate occlusal models of the teeth. The virtual access to the canal access was designed using Mimics 19.0 and 3-Matic 11.0. The endodontic access was performed based on either SLM or SLA templates. The accuracy of endodontic preparation was measured in three-dimensions by calculating deviations from planned accesses. The template height and tooth substance loss rates in each group were measured. Results: SLM-guided templates have a low average deviation at the entry point and apical portion of the bur of total posterior teeth (including premolars and molars) and individual molars (P < 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant difference in angular deviations and height of template in total posterior teeth and individual molars (P < 0.05). The mean substance loss rate of the SLA group was slightly greater than that of the SLM group, but the difference was not statistically (P > 0.05). Conclusions: SLM-guided endodontics provides a more predictable and precise location of root canal orifice for the treatment of posterior teeth.

Impacts of Perfluoroalkyl Substances on Aqueous and Nonaqueous Phase Liquid Dechlorination by Sulfidized Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron.

Per- and poly fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are often encountered with nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) in the groundwater at fire-fighting and military training sites. However, it is unclear how PFASs affect the dechlorination performance of sulfidized nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nFe0), which is an emerging promising NAPL remediation agent. Here, S-nFe0 synthesized with controllable S speciation (FeS or FeS2) were characterized to assess their interactions with PFASs and their dechlorination performance for trichloroethylene NAPL (TCE-NAPL). Surface-adsorbed PFASs blocked materials' reactive sites and inhibited aqueous TCE dechlorination. In contrast, PFASs-adsorbed particles with improved hydrophobicity tended to enrich at the NAPL-water interface, and the reactive sites were re-exposed after the PFASs accumulation into the NAPL phase to accelerate dechlorination. This PFASs-induced phenomenon allowed the materials to present a higher reactivity (up to 1.8-fold) with a high electron efficiency (up to 99%) for TCE-NAPL dechlorination. Moreover, nFe0-FeS2 with a higher hydrophobicity was more readily enriched at the NAPL-water interface and more reactive and selective than nFe0-FeS, regardless of coexisting PFASs. These results unveil that a small amount of yet previously overlooked coexisting PFASs can favor selective reductions of TCE-NAPL by S-nFe0, highlighting the importance of materials hydrophobicity and transportation induced by S and PFASs for NAPL remediation.

Spatially Confined Radical Addition Reaction for Electrochemical Synthesis of Carboxylated Graphene and its Applications in Water Desalination and Splitting.

Due to the chemical stability of graphene, synthesis of carboxylated graphene still remains challenging during the electrochemical exfoliation of graphite. In this work, a spatially confined radical addition reaction which occurs in the sub-nanometer scaled interlayers of the expanded graphene sheets for the electrochemical synthesis of highly stable carboxylated graphene is reported. Here, formate anions act as both intercalation ions and co-reactant acid for the confinement of electro-generated carboxylic radical (●COOH) in the sub-nanometer scaled interlayers, which facilitates the radical addition reaction on graphene sheets. The controllable carboxylation of graphene is realized by tuning the concentration of formate anions in the electrolyte solution. The high crystallinity of the obtained product indicates the occurrence of spatially confined ●COOH addition reaction between the sub-nanometer interlayers of expanded graphite. In addition, the carboxylated graphene have been used for water desalination and hydrogen/oxygen reduction reaction. Therefore, this work provides a new method for the in situ preparation of functionalized graphene through the electrolysis and its applications in water desalination and hydrogen/oxygen reduction reactions.

Efficacy and safety of targeted therapy plus immunotherapy combined with hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (FOLFOX) for unresectable hepatocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The advent of cutting-edge systemic therapies has driven advances in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and therapeutic strategies with multiple modes of delivery have been shown to be more efficacious than monotherapy. However, the mechanisms underlying this innovative treatment modality have not been elucidated. AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of targeted therapy plus immunotherapy combined with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) of FOLFOX in patients with unresectable HCC. METHODS: We enrolled 53 patients with unresectable HCC who received a combination of targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and HAIC of FOLFOX between December 2020 and June 2021 and assessed the efficacy and safety of the treatment regimen. RESULTS: The objective response rate was 60.4% (32/53), complete response was 24.5% (13/53), partial response was 35.9% (19/53), and stable disease was 39.6% (21/53). The median duration of response and median progression-free survival were 9.1 and 13.9 months, respectively. The surgical conversion rate was 34.0% (18/53), and 1-year overall survival was 83.0% without critical complicating diseases or adverse events (AEs). CONCLUSION: The regimen of HAIC of FOLFOX, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy was curative for patients with unresectable HCC, with no serious AEs and a high rate of surgical conversion.

Mechanochemical reduction of alkyl and aryl halides using mesoporous zinc oxide.

In this study, we propose a mechanochemical approach that combines mesoporous ZnO (m-ZnO) as a mechanoredox catalyst and silane-mediated atom transfer chemistry to achieve efficient hydrodehalogenation of organic halides. The reaction can be conducted under mild conditions without the use of a large amount of organic solvent. Substrates ranging from activated alkyl halides to unactivated aryl halides were converted to the corresponding debrominated hydrogenation products in moderate to excellent isolated yields (50-95%). In addition, m-ZnO can be recycled and reused without appreciable loss of catalytic activity.

Phasic/tonic glial GABA differentially transduce for olfactory adaptation and neuronal aging.

Phasic (fast) and tonic (sustained) inhibition of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are fundamental for regulating day-to-day activities, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. However, the mechanisms and physiological functions of glial GABA transductions remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the AMsh glia in Caenorhabditis elegans exhibit both phasic and tonic GABAergic signaling, which distinctively regulate olfactory adaptation and neuronal aging. Through genetic screening, we find that GABA permeates through bestrophin-9/-13/-14 anion channels from AMsh glia, which primarily activate the metabolic GABAB receptor GBB-1 in the neighboring ASH sensory neurons. This tonic action of glial GABA regulates the age-associated changes of ASH neurons and olfactory responses via a conserved signaling pathway, inducing neuroprotection. In addition, the calcium-evoked, vesicular glial GABA release acts upon the ionotropic GABAA receptor LGC-38 in ASH neurons to regulate olfactory adaptation. These findings underscore the fundamental significance of glial GABA in maintaining healthy aging and neuronal stability.

Precise tooth design using deep learning-based templates.

OBJECTIVES: In prosthodontic procedures, traditional computer-aided design (CAD) is often time-consuming and lacks accuracy in shape restoration. In this study, we combined implicit template and deep learning (DL) to construct a precise neural network for personalized tooth defect restoration. METHODS: Ninety models of right maxillary central incisor (80 for training, 10 for validation) were collected. A DL model named ToothDIT was trained to establish an implicit template and a neural network capable of predicting unique identifications. In the validation stage, teeth in validation set were processed into corner, incisive, and medium defects. The defective teeth were inputted into ToothDIT to predict the unique identification, which actuated the deformation of the implicit template to generate the highly customized template (DIT) for the target tooth. Morphological restorations were executed with templates from template shape library (TSL), average tooth template (ATT), and DIT in Exocad (GmbH, Germany). RMSestimate, width, length, aspect ratio, incisal edge curvature, incisive end retraction, and guiding inclination were introduced to assess the restorative accuracy. Statistical analysis was conducted using two-way ANOVA and paired t-test for overall and detailed differences. RESULTS: DIT displayed significantly smaller RMSestimate than TSL and ATT. In 2D detailed analysis, DIT exhibited significantly less deviations from the natural teeth compared to TSL and ATT. CONCLUSION: The proposed DL model successfully reconstructed the morphology of anterior teeth with various degrees of defects and achieved satisfactory accuracy. This approach provides a more reliable reference for prostheses design, resulting in enhanced accuracy in morphological restoration. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This DL model holds promise in assisting dentists and technicians in obtaining morphology templates that closely resemble the original shape of the defective teeth. These customized templates serve as a foundation for enhancing the efficiency and precision of digital restorative design for defective teeth.

Large exchange-driven intrinsic circular dichroism of a chiral 2D hybrid perovskite.

In two-dimensional chiral metal-halide perovskites, chiral organic spacers endow structural and optical chirality to the metal-halide sublattice, enabling exquisite control of light, charge, and electron spin. The chiroptical properties of metal-halide perovskites have been measured by transmissive circular dichroism spectroscopy, which necessitates thin-film samples. Here, by developing a reflection-based approach, we characterize the intrinsic, circular polarization-dependent complex refractive index for a prototypical two-dimensional chiral lead-bromide perovskite and report large circular dichroism for single crystals. Comparison with ab initio theory reveals the large circular dichroism arises from the inorganic sublattice rather than the chiral ligand and is an excitonic phenomenon driven by electron-hole exchange interactions, which breaks the degeneracy of transitions between Rashba-Dresselhaus-split bands, resulting in a Cotton effect. Our study suggests that previous data for spin-coated films largely underestimate the optical chirality and provides quantitative insights into the intrinsic optical properties of chiral perovskites for chiroptical and spintronic applications.

Influence of intraoral scanning coverage on the accuracy of digital implant impressions - An in vitro study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of intraoral scanning coverage (IOSC) on digital implant impression accuracy in various partially edentulous situations and predict the optimal IOSC. METHODS: Five types of resin models were fabricated, each simulating single or multiple tooth loss scenarios with inserted implants and scan bodies. IOSC was subgrouped to cover two, four, six, eight, ten, and twelve teeth, as well as full arch. Each group underwent ten scans. A desktop scanner served as the reference. Accuracy was evaluated by measuring the Root mean square error (RMSE) values of scan bodies. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained to predict the optimal IOSC with different edentulous situations. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS: For single-tooth-missing situations, in anterior sites, significantly better accuracy was observed in groups with IOSC ranging from four teeth to full arch (p < 0.05). In premolar sites, IOSC spanning four to six teeth were more accurate (p < 0.05), while in molar sites, groups with IOSC encompassing two to eight teeth exhibited better accuracy (p < 0.05). For multiple-teeth-missing situations, IOSC covering four, six, and eight teeth, as well as full arch showed better accuracy in anterior gaps (p < 0.05). In posterior gaps, IOSC of two, four, six or eight teeth were more accurate (p < 0.05). The CNN predicted distinct optimal IOSC for different edentulous scenarios. CONCLUSIONS: Implant impression accuracy can be significantly impacted by IOSC in different partially edentulous situations. The selection of IOSC should be customized to the specific dentition defect condition. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The number of teeth scanned can significantly affect digital implant impression accuracy. For missing single or four anterior teeth, scan at least four or six neighboring teeth is acceptable. In lateral cases, two neighboring teeth may suffice, but extending over ten teeth, including contralateral side, might deteriorate the scan.

Hydraulic-driven adaptable morphing active-cooling elastomer with bioinspired bicontinuous phases.

The active-cooling elastomer concept, originating from vascular thermoregulation for soft biological tissue, is expected to develop an effective heat dissipation method for human skin, flexible electronics, and soft robots due to the desired interface mechanical compliance. However, its low thermal conduction and poor adaptation limit its cooling effects. Inspired by the bone structure, this work reports a simple yet versatile method of fabricating arbitrary-geometry liquid metal skeleton-based elastomer with bicontinuous Gyroid-shaped phases, exhibiting high thermal conductivity (up to 27.1 W/mK) and stretchability (strain limit >600%). Enlightened by the vasodilation principle for blood flow regulation, we also establish a hydraulic-driven conformal morphing strategy for better thermoregulation by modulating the hydraulic pressure of channels to adapt the complicated shape with large surface roughness (even a concave body). The liquid metal active-cooling elastomer, integrated with the flexible thermoelectric device, is demonstrated with various applications in the soft gripper, thermal-energy harvesting, and head thermoregulation.

Optical spectroscopic detection of Schottky barrier height at a two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide/metal interface.

Atomically thin two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs) have emerged as semiconductors for next-generation nanoelectronics. As 2D-TMD-based devices typically utilize metals as the contacts, it is crucial to understand the properties of the 2D-TMD/metal interface, including the characteristics of the Schottky barriers formed at the semiconductor-metal junction. Conventional methods for investigating the Schottky barrier height (SBH) at these interfaces predominantly rely on contact-based electrical measurements with complex gating structures. In this study, we introduce an all-optical approach for non-contact measurement of the SBH, utilizing high-quality WS2/Au heterostructures as a model system. Our approach employs a below-bandgap pump to excite hot carriers from the gold into WS2 with varying thicknesses. By monitoring the resultant carrier density changes within the WS2 layers with a broadband probe, we traced the dynamics and magnitude of charge transfer across the interface. A systematic sweep of the pump wavelength enables us to determine the SBH values and unveil an inverse relationship between the SBH and the thickness of the WS2 layers. First-principles calculations reveal the correlation between the probability of injection and the density of states near the conduction band minimum of WS2. The versatile optical methodology for probing TMD/metal interfaces can shed light on the intricate charge transfer characteristics within various 2D heterostructures, facilitating the development of more efficient and scalable nano-electronic and optoelectronic technologies.

Dual-Hyperspectral Optical Pump-Probe Microscopy with Single-Nanosecond Time Resolution.

In recent years, optical pump-probe microscopy (PPM) has become a vital technique for spatiotemporally imaging electronic excitations and charge-carrier transport in metals and semiconductors. However, existing methods are limited by mechanical delay lines with a probe time window up to several nanoseconds (ns) or monochromatic pump and probe sources with restricted spectral coverage and temporal resolution, hindering their amenability in studying relatively slow processes. To bridge these gaps, we introduce a dual-hyperspectral PPM setup with a time window spanning from nanoseconds to milliseconds and single-nanosecond resolution. Our method features a wide-field probe tunable from 370 to 1000 nm and a pump spanning from 330 nm to 16 µm. We apply this PPM technique to study various two-dimensional metal-halide perovskites (2D-MHPs) as representative semiconductors by imaging their transient responses near the exciton resonances under both above-band gap electronic pump excitation and below-band gap vibrational pump excitation. The resulting spatially and temporally resolved images reveal insights into heat dissipation, film uniformity, distribution of impurity phases, and film-substrate interfaces. In addition, the single-nanosecond temporal resolution enables the imaging of in-plane strain wave propagation in 2D-MHP single crystals. Our method, which offers extensive spectral tunability and significantly improved time resolution, opens new possibilities for the imaging of charge carriers, heat, and transient phase transformation processes, particularly in materials with spatially varying composition, strain, crystalline structure, and interfaces.

Sheet-Isolated MoS2 Used for Dispersing Pt Nanoparticles and its Application in Methanol Fuel Cells.

It is highly challenging to activate the basal plane and minimize the π-π stacking of MoS2 sheets, thus enhancing its catalytic performance. Here, we display an approach for making well-dispersed MoS2 . By using the N-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NMWCNTs) as an isolation unit, the aggregation of MoS2 sheets was effectively reduced, favoring the dispersion of Pt nanoparticles (noted as Pt/NMWCNTs-isolated-MoS2 ). Excellent bifunctional catalytic performance for methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reaction (MOR/ORR) were demonstrated by the produced Pt/NMWCNTs-isolated-MoS2 . In comparison to Pt nanoparticles supported on MoS2 (Pt/MoS2 ), the MOR activity (2314.14 mA mgpt -1 ) and stability (317.69 mA mgpt -1 after 2 h of operation) on Pt/NMWCNTs-isolatedMoS2 were 24 and 232 times higher, respectively. As for ORR, Pt/NMWCNTs-isolated-MoS2 holds large half-wave potential (0.88 V) and high stability (92.71 % after 22 h of operation). This work presents a tactic for activating the basal planes and reducing the π-π stacking of 2D materials to satisfy their applications in electrocatalysis. In addition, the proposed sheet-isolation method can be used for fabricating other 2D materials to promote the dispersion of nanoparticles, which assist its application in other fields of energy as well as the environment.

Simultaneous Enhancement of Efficiency and Operational-Stability of Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells via Interfacial Toughening.

The combined effects of compact TiO2 (c-TiO2 ) electron-transport layer (ETL) are investigated without and with mesoscopic TiO2 (m-TiO2 ) on top, and without and with an iodine-terminated silane self-assembled monolayer (SAM), on the mechanical behavior, opto-electronic properties, photovoltaic (PV) performance, and operational-stability of solar cells based on metal-halide perovskites (MHPs). The interfacial toughness increases almost threefold in going from c-TiO2 without SAM to m-TiO2 with SAM. This is attributed to the synergistic effect of the m-TiO2 /MHP nanocomposite at the interface and the enhanced adhesion afforded by the iodine-terminated silane SAM. The combination of m-TiO2 and SAM also offers a significant beneficial effect on the photocarriers extraction at the ETL/MHP interface, resulting in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 24% and 20% for 0.1 and 1 cm2 active areas, respectively. These PSCs also have exceptionally long operational-stability lives: extrapolated T80 (duration at 80% initial PCE retained) is ≈18 000 and 10 000 h for 0.1 and 1 cm2 active areas, respectively. Postmortem characterization and analyses of the operational-stability-tested PSCs are performed to elucidate the possible mechanisms responsible for the long operational-stability.

Effect of remimazolam tosylate on hemodynamics during the induction of general anesthesia in the elderly / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of rimimazolam tosylate on hemodynamics during the induction of general anesthesia in elderly patients.Methods A total of 90 elderly patients who received non-cardiac surgery under tracheal intubation general anesthesia in our hospital were selected,and randomly divided into the remimazolam tosylate group(group R)and the etomidate group(group E).During anesthesia induction,patients in the group R were given 0.3 mg/kg of remimazolam tosylate,and patients in the group E were given 0.3 mg/kg of etomidate.The heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),and bispectral index(BIS)before the induction of anesthesia(T0),after the induction of anesthesia(T1),and after tracheal intubation(T2)of patients in the two groups were compared.The induction time,extubation time,Ramsay sedation score 5 minutes after extubation,time out of the postanesthesia care unit(PACU),operation time,anesthesia time and incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups were counted.Results There was no significant difference in the MAP,HR or BIS of patients at T0 between the two groups(P>0.05);the MAP of patients at T1 and T2 in the group R were higher than those in the group E(P<0.05),and the HR of patients at T2 was lower than that in the group E(P<0.05).Compared with T0,the HR,MAP and BIS of patients at T1 and T2 in the group R were decreased;the MAP and BIS of patients at T1 and T2 in the group E were decreased,HR of patients was decreased at T1 and increased at T2,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The induction time and extubation time of patients in the group R were shorter than those in the group E(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the Ramsay sedation score,time out of the PACU,operation time oranesthesia time of patients between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidences of myoclonus and hypotension of patients in the group E were higher than those in the group R,and the total incidence of adverse reactions in the group E was higher than that in the group R,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion Compared to etomidate,remazolam tosylate is more stable in inducing hemodynamics and has fewer adverse reactions in elderly patients under general anesthesia.

The effects of gambogenic acid on proliferation and apoptosis of CAL27 cell xenograft tumor in nude mice / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of gambogenic acid(GNA)on the proliferation and apoptosis of CAL27 cell xenograft tumor in nude mice.Methods:18 SPF nude mice were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=6).All nude mice were inoculated with CAL27 cells at logarithmic growth stage to establish subcutaneous transplanted tumor models.The mice in low and high dose GNA groups were treated with GNA of 8.0 mg/kg iv.and 16.0 mg/kg iv.every other day,respectively,and those in the control group was given the same amount of normal saline.The tumor growth curve was plotted during drug administration.2 weeks later,the nude mice were sacrificed,the tumor tissue was removed and the tumor inhibition rate was evaluated by the tumor size measurements.TUNEL as-say was used to detect the apoptosis of transplanted tumor cells in the groups.The expression levels of AKT,Bcl-2 and PI3K proteins in tumor tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC).The toxicity and side effects of GNA on normal tissues were detected by HE staining.Results:The transplanted tumors in low and high dose GNA groups grew slowly,and the tumor weight and volume were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05),the tumor inhibition ratio of low and high dose groups was 57.58％and 83.68％respectively.TUNEL results showed that the apoptosis index of GNA low and high dose groups was higher that of control group(P＜0.05).IHC results showed that the expression of AKT,Bcl-2 and PI3K in the tumor tissues of nude mice in low and high dose GNA groups was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).HE results showed that GNA had not effect on normal tissues and or-gans(P＜0.05);Conclusion:GNA may induce CAL27 cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of AKT,Bcl-2 and PI3K,and in-hibites the development of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma with little effect on normal tissues and organs.

Case Report: CD19 and CD20 monoclonal antibodies with sequential chemotherapy for refractory acute B-lymphocytic leukemia in children.

Objective: This paper observes the efficacy of chemotherapy combined with CD19 and CD20 monoclonal antibodies in clearing minimal residual disease (MRD) and bridging transplantation for refractory acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in children and reviews the literature. Methods: A 4-year-old boy diagnosed with B-ALL in our hospital was treated with the SCCLG-ALL-2016 protocol. MRD and gene quantification decreased after induction but remained persistently positive, with poor efficacy. After this patient received three cycles of consolidation chemotherapy combined with blinatumomab and rituximab, MRD and fusion gene quantification became negative, and he received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Results: During the use of monoclonal antibodies, neurotoxicity, CRS, or other side effects did not occur. Before transplantation, MRD became negative, and the bone marrow had been in complete remission since transplantation (13 months). Conclusion: Chemotherapy combined with blinatumomab for refractory B-ALL in children can bring a better remission rate for patients and is a means of bridging transplantation. Nevertheless, sequential CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy is the first report , and no adverse effects were observed in our case. It is well tolerated and can be used as one of the treatments for refractory B-ALL.

Particle-Scale Understanding of Arsenic Interactions with Sulfidized Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron and Their Impacts on Dehalogenation Reactivity.

Co-occurrence of organic contaminants and arsenic oxoanions occurs often at polluted groundwater sites, but the effect of arsenite on the reactivity of sulfidized nanoscale zerovalent iron (SNZVI) used to remediate groundwater has not been evaluated. Here, we study the interaction of arsenite [As(III)] with SNZVI at the individual-particle scale to better understand the impacts on the SNZVI properties and reactivity. Surface and intraparticle accumulation of As was observed on hydrophilic FeS-Fe0 and hydrophobic FeS2-Fe0 particles, respectively. X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated the presence of realgar-like As-S and elemental As0 species at low and high As/Fe concentration ratios, respectively. Single-particle inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis identified As-containing particles both with and without Fe. The probability of finding As-containing particles without Fe increased with the S-induced hydrophobicity of SNZVI. The interactions of SNZVI materials with coexisting arsenite inhibited their reactivity with water (∼5.8-230.7-fold), trichloroethylene (∼3.6-67.5-fold), and florfenicol (∼1.1-5.9-fold). However, the overall selectivity toward trichloroethylene and florfenicol relative to water was improved (up to 9.0-fold) because the surface-associated As increased the SNZVI hydrophobicity. These results indicate that reactions of SNZVI with arsenite can remove As from groundwater and improve the properties of SNZVI for dehalogenation selectivity.

Clinical efficacy of HAIC (FOLFOX) combined with lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors vs. TACE combined with lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus and arterioportal fistulas.

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) combined with lenvatinib and PD1 inhibitors vs. transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with lenvatinib and PD1 inhibitors in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) and artery-portal shunts (APFs). HCC Patients with PVTT and APFs who received HAIC in combination with PD1 inhibitor or TACE in combination with lenvatinib and PD1 inhibitor from March 2019 to May 2023 in Zhongshan People's Hospital were included. The objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), median overall survival (mOS), median progression-free survival (mPFS), median duration of response (mDOR), and adverse events (AEs) were assessed. A total of 95 patients were enrolled in this study, including 34 cases in the HAIC+L+P group and 61 cases in the TACE+L+P group. According to the RECIST1.1, the ORR was 52.9% and 27.9%, and the DCR was 100% and 88.5%, respectively (P values =0.03 and < 0.001, respectively). The mOS of HAIC+L+P group and TACE+L+P group were 25.00 and 19.30 months, respectively (P=0.035). The mPFS of the two groups were 21.74 and 8.74 months, respectively (P=0.0066). The mDOR of the two groups was 20.43 and 9.13 months, respectively (P=0.067). Compared with TACE in combination with lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitors, HAIC (FOLFOX) in combination with lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitors can improve tumor response and prolong OS, PFS, and DOR in HCC patients with PVTT and APFs.