Prognostic Cell Death Index for Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Transcriptome-Based Analysis of Twelve Programmed Cell Death Pattern Genes.

OBJECTIVE: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a prominent contributor to global cancer mortality, characterized by constrained prognosis. This study aimed to develop a novel prognostic indicator, the Cell Death Index (CDI), utilizing twelve programmed cell death (PCD) pattern genes, to predict the immune infiltration and prognosis in LUAD patients. METHODS: We collected PCD-related genes and identified prognostic PCD genes in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-LUAD dataset, and made rigorous validation in the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC)-LUAD cohorts. CDI was calculated using a multivariable Cox regression model. Functional enrichment and tumor microenvironment were evaluated. Drug sensitivity prediction and nomogram development were performed to assess CDI's potential value. RESULTS: The results revealed 10 PCD genes (ERO1A, CDK5R1, TRIM6, DNASE2B, ITPRIP, MRGPRX2, FGA, NDUFA13, NLRP2, and CD68) significantly associated with LUAD prognosis. The CDI was constructed and showed high accuracy in predicting patient survival with C-index values of 0.801 and 0.794 in the prognosis cohort and validation cohort, respectively. CDI is also indicative of variations in biological functions, tumor microenvironment, and immune cell infiltration including neutrophils, activated mast cells, activated dendritic cells, M0 macrophages, resting natural killer cells, γδT cells, and activated memory CD4+T cells. Furthermore, drug sensitivity analysis indicated potential targeted strategies. CONCLUSIONS: The CDI, based on PCD genes, serves as a robust prognostic tool for LUAD, offering profound insights into tumor biology, immune response, and personalized treatment strategies. This study underscores the pivotal role of PCD mechanisms in LUAD pathogenesis and identifies potential therapeutic targets.

Potassium ferricyanide oxidizes silicon quantum dots under alkaline conditions to produce chemiluminescence for uric acid detection in human urine.

Potassium ferricyanide (K3 (Fe(CN)6 )) could directly oxidize silicon quantum dots (Si QDs) to generate chemiluminescence (CL) under alkaline conditions. It was noteworthy that in the Si QDs-K3 (Fe(CN)6 )-NaOH CL system, the Si QDs worked as a new luminescent material. In addition, the signal intensity of this CL system could be weakened with the addition of uric acid (UA). Based on these, we exploited a new easy and convenient determination method of UA. This method only needed filtration and dilution of UA, without other pretreatment. The constructed system exhibited a linear relationship that ranged from 0.50 to 4.50 mmol·L-1 , with 0.24 mmol·L-1 of detection limit, and this system had successfully demonstrated the detection of UA in human urine. In addition, this work also broaden the application of the Si QDs in CL research.

Prognostic score model based on six m6A-related autophagy genes for predicting survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Prognostic signatures based on autophagy genes have been proposed for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Autophagy genes are closely associated with m6A genes. Our purpose is to identify m6A-related autophagy genes in ESCC and develop a survival prediction model. METHODS: Differential expression analyses for m6A genes and autophagy genes were performed based on TCGA and HADd databases followed by constructing a co-expression network. Uni-variable Cox regression analysis was performed for m6A-related autophagy genes. Using the optimal combination of feature genes by LASSO Cox regression model, a prognostic score (PS) model was developed and subsequently validated in an independent dataset. RESULTS: The differential expression of 13 m6A genes and 107 autophagy genes was observed between ESCC and normal samples. The co-expression network contained 13 m6A genes and 96 autophagy genes. Of the 12 m6A-related autophagy genes that were significantly related to survival, DAPK2, DIRAS3, EIF2AK3, ITPR1, MAP1LC3C, and TP53 were used to construct a PS model, which split the training set into two risk groups with significant different survival ratios (p = 0.015, 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year AUC = 0.873, 0.840, and 0.829). Consistent results of GSE53625 dataset confirmed predictive ability of the model (p = 0.024, 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year AUC = 0.793, 0.751, and 0.744). The six-gene PS score was an independent prognostic factor from clinical factors (HR, 2.362; 95% CI, 1.390-7.064; p-value = 0.012). CONCLUSION: Our study recommends 6 m6A-related autophagy genes as promising prognostic biomarkers and develops a PS model to predict survival in ESCC.

Long non-coding RNA B4GALT1-Antisense RNA 1/microRNA-30e/SRY-box transcription factor 9 signaling axis contributes to non-small cell lung cancer cell growth.

Long non-coding (lnc) RNAs serve crucial functions in human cancers. However, the involvement of the lncRNA B4GALT1-antisense RNA 1 (AS1) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been extensively studied. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to detect B4GALT1-AS1 levels in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Potential influences of B4GALT1-AS1 on biological functions of NSCLC were assessed through a series of in vitro experiments, and the molecular mechanism was determined via RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and bioinformatics analyses. The results of the present study demonstrated that knockdown of B4GALT1-AS1 significantly attenuated the proliferative ability and clonality of H1299 and A549 cells. In the present study, B4GALT1-AS1 competed as an endogenous RNA by sequestering microRNA-30e (miR-30e) leading to an enhanced expression of SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9). The effects of silencing B4GALT1-AS1 on NSCLC cells proliferation could be ameliorated by inhibiting miR-30e or restoring SOX9. Hence, B4GALT1-AS1 acted as a lncRNA that drives tumor progression in NSCLC via the regulation of the miR-30e/SOX9 axis. The findings of the present study indicated that the B4GALT1-AS1/miR-30e/SOX9 axis maybe an effective target for NSCLC treatment and management.

miR-208b-5p inhibits invasion of non-small cell lung cancer through the STAT3 pathway by targeting interleukin-9.

Previous studies reported a dysregulation of micro (mi)R-208b-5p expression level in various types of human cancer; however, the role of miR-208-5p in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine whether miR-208b-5p could regulate NSCLC progression. A total of 62 pairs of primary tumor and adjacent normal tissues were collected from patients with NSCLC. miR-208b-5p expression level was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, miR-208b-5p mimics was transfected into NSCLC A549 and H1299 cells in order to upregulate miR-208b-5p expression. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was utilized to investigate the associations between miR-208b-5p and IL9 mRNA. The results demonstrated that miR-208b-5p expression decreased in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, miR-208b-5p overexpression inhibited A549 and H1299 cell proliferation and invasiveness. miR-208b-5p was demonstrated to bind directly to the 3' untranslated region of interleukin-9 (IL-9) and therefore decreased its expression. In the NSCLC-derived cell lines, miR-208b-5p inactivated IL-9/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. Furthermore, enhanced IL-9 level decreased the miR-208b-5p-mediated suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in NSCLC cells by inactivating the STAT3 signaling pathway. In conclusion, the findings from this study demonstrated that miR-208b-5p inhibited migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. The anti-tumor activity of miR-208b-5p may be mediated by IL-9 and STAT-3 pathway.

Enhanced chemiluminescence of the fluorescein-KIO4 system by CdTe quantum dots for determination of catechol.

In this paper, a novel chemiluminescence (CL) system was introduced based on the use of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) with the mixture solutions of fluorescein and potassium periodate (KIO4 ) in alkaline medium. The CL signal of an ultra-weak system was strongly enhanced in the presence of QDs. The application of CdTe QDs-fluorescein-KIO4 system is reported for the first time. It was found that catechol had a diminishing effect on the CL reaction. Under optimal experimental conditions, CL intensity decreased linearly in a 1 to 100 µM catechol concentration range, with a 0.18 µM detection limit. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed according to the results of kinetic analyses, CL spectra, ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectra. The results pointed to an efficient energy transfer between the CL energy donor CdTe QDs and acceptor fluorescein. Finally, the CL method was successfully applied to the determination of catechol in environmental water samples.

Determination of fluvoxamine maleate in human urine and human serum using alkaline KMnO4 -rhodamine B chemiluminescence.

The flow-injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) behavior of a gold nanocluster (Au NC)-enhanced rhodamine B-KMnO4 system was studied under alkaline conditions for the first time. In the present study, the as-prepared bovine serum albumin-stabilized Au NCs showed excellent stability and reproducibility. The addition of trace levels of fluvoxamine maleate (Flu) led to an obvious decline in CL intensity in the rhodamine B-KMnO4 -Au NCs system, which could be used for quantitative detection of Flu. Under optimized conditions, the proposed CL system exhibited a favorable analytical performance for Flu determination in the range 2 to 100 µg ml-1 . The detection limit for Flu measurement was 0.021 µg ml-1 . Moreover, this newly developed system revealed outstanding selectivity for Flu detection when compared with a multitude of other species, such as the usual ions, uric acid and a section of hydroxy compounds. Additionally, CL spectra, UV-visible spectroscopes and fluorescence spectra were measured in order to determine the possible reaction mechanism. This approach could be used to detect Flu in human urine and human serum samples with the desired recoveries and could have promising application under physiological conditions.

A novel multilayer model with controllable mechanical properties for magnesium-based bone plates.

Proper mechanical properties are essential for the clinical application of magnesium-based implants. In the present work, a novel multilayer model composed of three layers with desirable features was developed. The modulus of the multilayer model can be adjusted by changing the thickness of each layer. To combine three layers and improve the corrosion resistance of the whole multilayer model, the polycaprolactone coating was employed. In the immersion test, pH values, the concentration of released magnesium ions, and weight loss indicate that the corrosion rate of multilayer models is considerable lower than that of the one-layer bare substrate. The three-point bending test, which is used to examine models' mechanical properties, shows that the flexural modulus of multilayer models is reduced effectively. In addition, the mechanical degradation of multilayer models is more stable, compared to the one-layer substrate.

Simple simultaneous determination of butylated hydroquinone (TBHQ) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) antioxidants in oil using high-performance liquid chromatography with chemiluminescence detection.

A highly sensitive and convenient high-performance liquid chromatography technique coupled with chemiluminescence detection for the simultaneous determination butylated hydroquinone (TBHQ) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) in oil is established. The detection is based on the inhibitory effect on the CL reaction between luminol and potassium ferricyanide in an alkaline medium. Samples were separated through a reverse-phase C18 column using a mobile phase of methanol and water (80: 20, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The effects of various parameters including mobile phase, flow rate and chemiluminescence regent were studied. Under optimum conditions, both TBHQ and BHA showed good linear relationships in the range 1 × 10(-7) -1 × 10(-5) g/mL with detection limits of 24 and 33 ng/mL, respectively. The proposed method is simple and sensitive, with low costs. The method was successfully applied for the quantification of TBHQ and BHA in sesame oil. The possible inhibition mechanism is also discussed briefly.

Determination of salicylic acid in human serum and urine samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column Ru(bipy)3(2+)-Ce(SO4)2 chemiluminescence detection.

A sensitive, novel and rapid chemiluminescence (CL) method combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation for the determination of salicylic acid (SA) is described in this work. The method was based on the fact that SA could significantly enhance the CL of the reaction of cerium sulfate and the tris(2,2-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) CL system in the presence of acid. Under the optimal conditions, the CL intensity was linear over concentrations of SA in the range of 0.02-10 × 10(-6) g/mL, with a detection limit of 8 × 10(-9) g/mL (S/N = 3). Also, the relative standard detection was 2.2% for 1.0 × 10(-7) g/mL (n = 11). The proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of SA in human serum samples and urine samples with satisfactory results.

Determination of carbamazepine in human urine and serum samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column Ru(bipy)2(3+)-Ce(SO4)2 chemiluminescence detection.

A novel, sensitive and rapid CL method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography separation for the determination of carbamazepine is described. The method was based on the fact that carbamazepine could significantly enhance the chemiluminescence of the reaction of cerium sulfate and tris(2,2-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) in the presence of acid. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Kromasil® (Sigma-Aldrich) TM RP-C18 column (id: 150 mm × 4.6 mm, particle size: 5 µm, pore size: 100 Å) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-water-glacial acetic acid (70:29:1, v/v/v) at a flowrate of 1.0 mL/min, the total analysis time was within 650 s. Under optimal conditions, CL intensity was linear for carbamazepine in the range 2.0 × 10(-8) ~ 4.0 × 10(-5) g/mL, with a detection limit of 6.0 × 10(-9) g/mL (S/N = 3) and the relative standard detection was 2.5% for 2.0 × 10(-6) g/mL (n = 11). This method was successfully applied to the analysis of carbamazepine in human urine and serum samples. The possible mechanism of the CL reaction is also discussed briefly.

Effect of the physiological stabilization process on the corrosion behaviour and surface biocompatibility of AZ91D magnesium alloy.

A promising pretreatment method for reducing the electrochemical activity of the magnesium alloy matrix beneath coatings is reported. The physiological stabilization process takes advantage of the localized micro-galvanic corrosion for transforming regions with high activity into a physiological stabilization layer, which can be converted into a protective coating by hydrothermal treatment. Electrochemical and immersion tests revealed that the corrosion resistance of treated AZ91D magnesium alloy was improved. In the cell viability test, the physiological stabilization-hydrothermal samples showed good cell viability for human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells.

Novel method for controllable fabrication of a superhydrophobic CuO surface on AZ91D magnesium alloy.

A novel method for controllable fabrication of a superhydrophobic CuO surface on AZ91D magnesium alloy is reported in this paper. Hierarchical structure composed of micro/nano-featherlike CuO was obtained by electrodeposition of Cu-Zn alloy coating and subsequently an electrochemical anodic treatment in alkaline solution. After modification with lauric acid, the surface became hydrophobicity/superhydrophobicity. The formation of featherlike CuO structures was controllable by varying the coating composition. By applying SEM, ICP-AES, and water contact angle analysis, the effects of coating composition on the surface morphology and hydrophobicity of the as-prepared surfaces were detailedly studied. The results indicated that at the optimal condition, the surface showed a good superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle as high as 155.5 ± 1.3° and a sliding angle as low as about 3°. Possible growth mechanism of featherlike CuO hierarchical structure was discussed. Additionally, the anticorrosion effect of the superhydrophobic surface was studied by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The interface model for anticorrosion mechanism of superhydrophobic surface in corrosive medium was proposed. Besides, the mechanical stability test indicated that the resulting superhydrophobic surfaces have good mechanical stability.

Flow injection-chemiluminescence determination of acyclovir.

The chemiluminescence (CL) reaction of acyclovir (ACV)-potassium permanganate, with formaldehyde as an enhancer, was investigated by the flow-injection system, and a new method is reported for the determination of ACV on the basis of the reaction. The method is rapid, effective and simple for the determination of acyclovir in the range 0.2-80 mg/L, with a limit of detection of 0.06 mg/L (3 S:N), a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.7% for the determination of 1.0 mg/L acyclovir solution in 11 repeated measurements. The method has been applied to the determination of acyclovir in pharmaceuticals, with satisfactory results. The possible reaction mechanism is also discussed briefly.

Chemiluminescence microfluidic system sensor on a chip for determination of glucose in human serum with immobilized reagents.

A chemiluminescence (CL) biosensor on a chip coupled to microfluidic system is described in this paper. The CL biosensor measured 25x45x5 mm in dimension, was readily produced in analytical laboratory. Glucose oxidase (GOD) was immobilized onto controlled-pore glass (CPG) via glutaraldehyde activation and packed into a reservoir. The analytical reagents, including luminol and ferricyanide, were electrostatically co-immobilized on an anion-exchange resin. The most characteristic of the biosensor was to introduce the air as the carrier flow in stead of the common solution carrier for the first. The glucose was sensed by the CL reaction between hydrogen peroxide produced from the enzymatic reaction and CL reagents, which were released from the anion-exchange resin. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of glucose in human serum. The linear range of the glucose concentration was 1.1-110 mM and the detection limit was 0.1 mM (3sigma).

Chemiluminescence biosensor chip based on a microreactor using carrier air flow for determination of uric acid in human serum.

A chemiluminescence biosensor on a chip coupled to a microfluidic system and a microreactor is described in this paper. The chemiluminescence biosensor measured 25 x 75 x 6.5 mm in dimension, and was readily produced in an analytical laboratory. The sol-gel method is introduced to co-immobilize horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and luminol in the microreactor, and to immobilize uricase in the enzymatic reactor. The main characteristic of the biosensor was to introduce air as the carrier flow instead of the more common solution carrier for the first time. The uric acid was determined by a chemiluminescent (CL) reaction between the hydrogen peroxide produced from the enzymatic reactor and luminol under the catalysis of HRP in the microreactor. The linear range of the uric acid concentration was 1 to 100 mg L(-1) and the detection limit was 0.1 mg L(-1) (3sigma).