A high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of the Chinese medaka Oryzias sinensis.

Oryzias sinensis, also known as Chinese medaka or Chinese ricefish, is a commonly used animal model for aquatic environmental assessment in the wild as well as gene function validation or toxicology research in the lab. Here, a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of O. sinensis was generated using single-tube long fragment read (stLFR) reads, Nanopore long-reads, and Hi-C sequencing data. The genome is 796.58 Mb, and a total of 712.17 Mb of the assembled sequences were anchored to 23 pseudo-chromosomes. A final set of 22,461 genes were annotated, with 98.67% being functionally annotated. The Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) benchmark of genome assembly and gene annotation reached 95.1% (93.3% single-copy) and 94.6% (91.7% single-copy), respectively. Furthermore, we also use ATAC-seq to uncover chromosome transposase-accessibility as well as related genome area function enrichment for Oryzias sinensis. This study offers a new improved foundation for future genomics research in Chinese medaka.

A bimodal feature fusion convolutional neural network for detecting obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea from nasal airflow and oximetry signals.

The most prevalent sleep-disordered breathing condition is Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), which has been linked to various health consequences, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and even sudden death. Therefore, early detection of OSA can effectively help patients prevent the diseases induced by it. However, many existing methods have low accuracy in detecting hypopnea events or even ignore them altogether. According to the guidelines provided by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM), two modal signals, namely nasal pressure airflow and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), offer significant advantages in detecting OSA, particularly hypopnea events. Inspired by this notion, we propose a bimodal feature fusion CNN model that primarily comprises of a dual-branch CNN module and a feature fusion module for the classification of 10-second-long segments of nasal pressure airflow and SpO2. Additionally, an Efficient Channel Attention mechanism (ECA) is incorporated into the second module to adaptively weight feature map of each channel for improving classification accuracy. Furthermore, we design an OSA Severity Assessment Framework (OSAF) to aid physicians in effectively diagnosing OSA severity. The performance of both the bimodal feature fusion CNN model and OSAF is demonstrated to be excellent through per-segment and per-patient experimental results, based on the evaluation of our method using two real-world datasets consisting of polysomnography (PSG) recordings from 450 subjects.

Surface hydrophobization of zeolite enables mass transfer matching in gas-liquid-solid three-phase hydrogenation under ambient pressure.

Attaining high hydrogenation performance under mild conditions, especially at ambient pressure, remains a considerable challenge due to the difficulty in achieving efficient mass transfer at the gas-liquid-solid three-phase interface. Here, we present a zeolite nanoreactor with joint gas-solid-liquid interfaces for boosting H2 gas and substrates to involve reactions. Specifically, the Pt active sites are encapsulated within zeolite crystals, followed by modifying the external zeolite surface with organosilanes. The silane sheath with aerophilic/hydrophobic properties can promote the diffusion of H2 and the mass transfer of reactant/product molecules. In aqueous solutions, the gaseous H2 molecules can rapidly diffuse into the zeolite channels, thereby augmenting H2 concentration surround Pt sites. Simultaneously, the silane sheath with lipophilicity nature promotes the enrichment of the aldehydes/ketones on the catalyst and facilitates the hydrophilia products of alcohol rediffusion back to the aqueous phase. By modifying the wettability of the catalyst, the hydrogenation of aldehydes/ketones can be operated in water at ambient H2 pressure, resulting in a noteworthy turnover frequency up to 92.3 h-1 and a 4.3-fold increase in reaction rate compared to the unmodified catalyst.

Effects of microhabitat features on the intraspecific variability of the distribution and functional traits in a highest elevational distributed lizard.

Exploring the microhabitat determinants of organisms distribution and functional traits differences can help us better understand the importance of intraspecific variations in ecological niches. Investigations on animals functional niche primarily focused on differences among species and tended to neglect the potential variability within species, despite the fact that the ecological and evolutionary importance of intraspecific variations was widely recognized. In this study, we examined the influence of microhabitat features on the intraspecific variability of the distribution and functional traits of a highest elevational distributed lizard species Phrynocephalus erythrurus. To do so, field work was conducted between July and August, 2020 and August and September, 2021 in Namtso watershed in central Xizang, China. Specifically, 11 transects were sampled for P. erythrurus individuals, which were measured for a set of 10 morphological traits. Moreover, 11 microhabitat variables that potentially affect the distribution of lizards were also measured for each transect. Our results indicated that juveniles, males, and females exhibited different functional traits, allowing them to occupy distinct functional space. The distribution of juveniles, males, and females was determined by different microhabitat variables such as illuminance and air temperature. More importantly, these variables also determined the intraspecific functional traits variability in this lizard species. All of these results supported previous claims that intraspecific traits variation should be incorporated into functional ecological studies, and diverse microhabitat features should be conserved to maintain high intraspecific diversity. Future studies can focus on the food analysis to explore the linkage between functional traits and resources utilization within animal populations.

Ultrathin Rh Nanosheets with Rich Grain Boundaries for Efficient Hydrogen Oxidation Electrocatalysis.

Two-dimensional (2D) Pt-group ultrathin nanosheets (NSs) are promising advanced electrocatalysts for energy-related catalytic reactions. However, improving the electrocatalytic activity of 2D Pt-group NSs through the addition of abundant grain boundaries (GBs) and understanding the underlying formation mechanism remain significant challenges. Herein, we report the controllable synthesis of a series of Rh-based nanocrystals (e.g., Rh nanoparticles, Rh NSs, and Rh NSs with GBs) through a CO-mediated kinetic control synthesis route. In light of the 2D NSs' structural advantages and GB modification, the Rh NSs with rich GBs exhibit an enhanced electrocatalytic activity compared to pure Rh NSs and commercial Pt/C toward the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in alkaline media. Both experimental results and theoretical computations corroborate that the GBs in the Rh NSs have the capacity to ameliorate the adsorption free energy of reaction intermediates during the HOR, thus resulting in outstanding HOR catalytic performance. Our work offers novel perspectives in the realm of developing sophisticated 2D Pt-group metal electrocatalysts with rich GBs for the energy conversion field.

Interfacial Reaction-Directed Green Synthesis of CeO2-MnO2 Catalysts for Imine Production through Oxidative Coupling of Alcohols and Amines.

Direct oxidative coupling of alcohols with amines over cheap but efficient catalysts is a promising choice for imine formation. In this study, porous CeO2-MnO2 binary oxides were prepared via an interfacial reaction between Ce2(SO4)3 and KMnO4 at room temperature without any additives. The as-prepared porous CeO2-MnO2 catalyst has a higher fraction of Ce3+, Mn3+, and Mn4+ and contains larger surface area and more oxygen vacancies. During the oxidative coupling reaction of alcohol with amine to imine, the as-obtained CeO2-MnO2 catalyst is motivated by the above encouraging characteristics and exhibits superior catalytic activity (98% conversion and 97% selectivity) and can also work effectively under a wide scope of temperatures and substrates. The in-depth in situ DRIFTS and density functional theory (DFT) results demonstrate that there is a strong interaction between CeO2 and MnO2 in the CeO2-MnO2 catalyst, exhibiting especially a positive synergistic effect in the direct coupling of alcohol and amine reaction.

Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Triplophysa jianchuanensis (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae).

We used the Illumina MiSeq platform to sequence the complete mitochondrial genome of Triplophysa jianchuanensis (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae). The mitochondrial genome of T. jianchuanensis is 16,569 bp in length, and its genetic constitution and arrangement are consistent with those of the teleost taxon, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, an origin of light-strand replication, and a control region. The overall nucleotide base composition was 28.33% A, 27.25% T, 17.77% G, and 26.65% C. Phylogenetic analysis showed that T. jianchuanensis was grouped with T. venusta. These findings are valuable for further studies on the evolution, genetic diversity, and taxonomy of Triplophysa.

Controllable synthesis of magic cube-like Ce-MOF-derived Pt/CeO2 catalysts for formaldehyde oxidation.

Controllable synthesis of MOFs with desired structures is of great significance to deepen the understanding of the crystal nucleation-growth mechanism and deliver unique structural features to their derived metal oxides with target catalytic applications. In this study, NH2-Ce-BDC with morphology similar to a second-order magic cube (mc) is facile synthesized via H+ mediation in nucleation and growth stages. The pertinent variables that can greatly influence the formation of magic cube-like structures (MCS) were investigated, in which the concentric diffusion field was found to be one of the key factors. Upon calcination, the derived CeO2 inherits unique gullies and grooves located on the pristine MOFs surface, which is quite useful for atomic layer deposition (ALD) of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles because of strong interaction with MOF-derived CeO2 (mc-CeO2). XPS, H2-TPR, Raman, and in situ DRIFTS characterization results show that there is a stronger interaction between Pt and mc-CeO2 in mc-Pt/CeO2 compared with c-Pt/CeO2 that is derived from the well-developed cubic Ce-MOFs. Furthermore, Pt2+ ions, hydroxyl oxygen, and oxygen defects in mc-Pt/CeO2 account highly for exemplary catalytic activity toward HCHO oxidation.

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Gobiids are widespread invasive species, with many species from this group usually invade into the same ecosystem simultaneously. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the coexi-stence of different gobiid species in the sympatric habitats is a key issue in fish invasion ecology. Incorporating morphological analyses, spatial distribution survey, and trophic analyses, we examined the coexistence strategy of Mugilogobius myxodermus and related species (the earlier invaders) in Dianchi Lake, Yunnan, China. Our results showed significant differences in morphology and spatial distribution among the four invasive gobies species (i.e., M. myxodermus, Micropercops swinhonis, Rhinogobius giurinus and Rhinogobius cliffordpopei). The spatial niche index of M. myxodermus was the highest. Food composition between M. myxodermus and other gobies was significantly different, with the former mainly feeding on Chydorus ovalis and Cypris sp. The trophic diversity index of M. myxodermus was the highest. Overall, we found that morphological differences, spatial niche diffe-rentiation, and trophic niche differentiation contributed to the coexistence of the gobies in Dianchi Lake, which could help M. myxodermus reduce interspecific competition. Importantly, the feeding strategy is the key factor determining population size and habitas of M. myxodermus during their competition with the other gobies, and finally contributing to the dominant position in the study area.

CoS2 needle arrays induced a local pseudo-acidic environment for alkaline hydrogen evolution.

The alkaline electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a potential way to realize industrial hydrogen production. However, the sluggish process of H2O dissociation, as well as the accumulation of OH- around the active sites, seriously limit the alkaline HER performance. In this work, we developed a unique CoS2 needle array grown on a carbon cloth (NAs@C) electrode as an alkaline HER catalyst. Finite-element simulations revealed that CoS2 needle arrays (NAs) induce stronger local electric field (LEF) than CoS2 disordered needles (DNs). This LEF can greatly repel the local OH- around the active sites, and then promote the forward H2O dissociation process. The local pH changes of the electrode surface confirmed the lower OH- concentration and stronger local pseudo-acidic environment of NAs@C compared to those of DNs@C. As a result, the NAs@C catalyst exhibited a low HER overpotential of 121 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 in 1 M KOH, with the Tafel slope of 59.87 mV dec-1. This work provides a new insight into nanoneedle arrays for the alkaline HER by electric field-promoted H2O dissociation.

Nitrogen-Doped Cobalt Diselenide with Cubic Phase Maintained for Enhanced Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution.

The introduction of heteroatoms is one of the most important ways to modulate the intrinsic electronic structure of electrocatalysts to improve their catalytic activity. However, for transition metal chalcogenides with highly symmetric crystal structure (HS-TMC), the introduction of heteroatoms, especially those with large atomic radius, often induces large lattice distortion and vacancy defects, which may lead to structural phase transition of doped materials or structural phase reconstruction during the catalytic reaction. Such unpredictable situations will make it difficult to explore the connection between the intrinsic electronic structure of doped catalysts and catalytic activity. Herein, taking thermodynamically stable cubic CoSe2 phase as an example, we demonstrate that nitrogen incorporation can effectively regulate the intrinsic electronic structure of HS-TMC with structural phase stability and thus promote its electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution activity (HER). In contrast, the introduction of phosphorus can lead to structural phase transition from cubic CoSe2 to orthorhombic phase, and the structural phase of phosphorus-doped CoSe2 is unstable for HER.

The complete mitogenome of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) from two different selective breeding populations in China.

The giant freshwater prawn (GFP), Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is one of the largest freshwater shrimps in the world, being widely cultured because of its high economic value. In this study, complete mitogenomes of two GFP individuals from different selective breeding populations, 'South Taihu No.2' (ST) and 'Shufeng' (SF), were newly sequenced, compared with each other, and with those of other published Macrobrachium species. The total length is 15,767 bp (ST) and 15,766 bp (SF), including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and one control region. The phylogenetic analyses based on whole mitogenome sequences suggest that 'Shufeng' has a slightly distant relationship with 'South Taihu No.2', with a pairwise genetic distance of 0.011. This study can provide a genetic background for the GFP selective breeding, and add significantly to the knowledgebase regarding crustacean biology and aquaculture as well.

Efficacy and Safety of Sacubitril/Valsartan Therapy for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction during the Vulnerable Phase: A Multicenter, Assessor-Blinded, Prospective, Observational, Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: The 3-month period after hospitalization for acute cardiac failure is a vulnerable phase with the highest risk of mortality and rehospitalization. Safety and efficacy of early initiation of sacubitril/valsartan during the index hospitalization for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is unclear. Therefore, we tested whether sacubitril/valsartan could result in a lower rate of a composite outcome of first hospitalization for heart failure and death from cardiovascular causes compared to inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system alone. METHODS: We enrolled patients hospitalized for ADHF and reduced ejection fraction at 4 sites; patients were divided into a sacubitril/valsartan group or an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) group. All patients were followed up for 3 months after discharge. The primary endpoint was outcomes as a composite of death from cardiovascular causes and rehospitalization for heart failure. RESULTS: In total, 251 patients who received sacubitril/valsartan and 251 patients who received ACEIs/ARBs had similar propensity scores and were included and compared. The primary endpoint was reached in 40 patients (15.9%) treated with sacubitril/valsartan and in 59 patients (23.5%) managed by ACEI/ARB (HR, 0.650; 95% CI: 0.435-0.971; p = 0.035). The NYHA class improved in 72.1% of patients in the sacubitril/valsartan group and in 59.8% of patients in the ACEI/ARB group (HR, 1.303; 95% CI: 1.097-1.548, p = 0.004). The key safety outcomes endpoints did not significantly differ. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients hospitalized with ADHF and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, we observed that sacubitril/valsartan therapy led to reduction in death from cardiovascular causes and rehospitalizations for heart failure when compared to ACEI/ARB therapy alone during the vulnerable phase. Our results support that sacubitril/valsartan may be administered early in the vulnerable phase after ADHF and improves NYHA class.

Sex dimorphism of Yunnanilus analis and its habitat adaptation in Xingyun Lake, Yunnan, China.

Yunnanilus is a group of endemic fish inhabit in Yun-Gui Plateau and its adjacent areas. They show the characteristic of sex dimorphism, which could be an important reason for their adaptation to karst habitats. Here, we used Yunnanilus analis as the model to understand the sex dimorphism characteristics and its adaptation to the karst habitats. The sex dimorphism, female fecundity, and food specialization of Y. analis were investigated in Xingyun Lake, Jiangchuan, Yunnan. Our results showed that Y. analis exhibit sex size dimorphism (sex dimorphism index=0.23; female with larger body size). There were stains on the transverse sections at females body, but not in males. Males had dark longitudinal lines at their body sides. Morphological differences between males and females were confirmed by the results of one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA), multivariate statistical analyses, principal component analyses, discriminant analyses, and one-way analyses of similarity (ANOSIM) on total length, standard body length, fork length, head width vs. heal length, and the distance between the starting point of ventral fin to the starting point of pectoral fin vs. standard body length. Fecundity of female fish was 1364.5±489.3 (470-2430) eggs, which were positively correlated with their body size. Both female and male Y. analis mainly feed on Chironomid larvae and mayfly naiads. Their food composition was somehow similar, with significantly statistical difference. In conclusion, fecundity selection pressure and food specialization should be the main factors contributing to the evolution of Y. analis' sex dimorphism. More importantly, sex dimorphism of Y. analis is a significant adaptation to the karstic habitats.

Highly dispersed Pt species anchored onto NH2-Ce-MOFs and their derived mesoporous catalysts for CO oxidation.

Simultaneously maximizing the dispersion of noble metals and demonstrating optimal activity are of significant importance for designing stable metal catalysts. In this study, highly dispersed ultrafine platinum (Pt) particles with a size of <1.5 nm anchored onto a mesoporous CeO2 structure have been synthesized by coordinating Pt ions with amino groups in NH2-Ce-MOFs, followed by high-temperature calcination. It was found that the presence of -NH2 groups in Ce-MOFs played a crucial role in anchoring Pt species with high dispersion on the MOF framework. Interestingly, the anchored Pt species were beneficial for the formation of Ce-Pt sites during the conversion from Ce-BDC to CeO2. As a result, the as-prepared catalysts held dense surface peroxo species, responsible for boosting CO oxidation at low temperatures.

Implanting Atomic Dispersed Ru in PtNi Colloidal Nanocrystal Clusters for Efficient Catalytic Performance in Electro-oxidation of Liquid Fuels.

Although PtRu alloy nanocatalysts have been certified to possess excellent electrocatalytic performance and CO-poisoning tolerance toward formic acid and methanol electro-oxidation, the unaffordable usages of ruthenium (Ru) and platinum (Pt) have greatly limited their widespread adoption. Here, a facile one-pot method is reported for implanting atomic dispersed Ru in PtNi colloidal nanocrystal clusters with different Ru/Pt/Ni molar ratios, greatly reducing the dosages of Pt and Ru, and further improving the catalytic performances for the electro-oxidation of formic acid and methanol. Through simple control of the amount of Ni(acac)2 precursor, trimetallic Ru0.3 Pt70.5 Ni29.2 , Ru0.6 Pt55.9 Ni43.5 , Ru0.2 Pt77.3 Ni22.5 , and Ru0.9 Pt27.3 Ni71.8 colloidal nanocrystal clusters (CNCs) are obtained. In particular, the Ru0.3 Pt70.5 Ni29.2 CNCs exhibit excellent specific activities for formic acid and methanol electro-oxidation, that is, 14.2 and 15.3 times higher, respectively, than those of the Pt/C catalyst. Moreover, the Ru0.3 Pt70.5 Ni29.2 CNCs also possess better anti-CO-poisoning properties and diffusion ability than the other RuPtNi CNCs. The excellent formic acid and methanol electro-oxidation activities of RuPtNi CNCs are ascribed to the optimal ligand effects derived from the Pt, Ni, and atomic dispersed Ru atoms, which can improve the OH adsorption ability and further the anti-CO-poisoning capability. This research opens a new door for increasing the electro-oxidation properties of liquid fuels by using lower dosages of noble metals in Pt-based catalysts.

Ce-Mn coordination polymer derived hierarchical/porous structured CeO2-MnOx for enhanced catalytic properties.

Catalytic performance is largely dependent on how the structures/compositions of materials are designed. Herein, CeO2-MnOx binary oxide catalysts with a hierarchical/porous structure are prepared by a facile and efficient method, which involves the preparation of the hierarchical Ce-Mn coordination polymer (CPs) precursor, followed by a thermal treatment step. The obtained CeO2-MnOx catalysts not only well inherit the hierarchical structure of Ce-Mn CPs, but also possess porous and hollow features due to the removal of organic ligands and heterogeneous contraction during the calcination process. In addition, the effect of the Mn/Ce ratio is also studied to optimize catalytic performance. Specifically, the as-prepared CeO2-MnOx (5 : 5) catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance toward CO oxidation and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3 at low temperatures. Based on the characterization results, we propose that the special hierarchical structure, high surface area, strong synergistic interaction between CeO2 and MnOx, and high content of active Ce3+, Mn4+ and Osurf are collectively responsible for its remarkable catalytic performance.

Ring-Patterned Perovskite Single Crystals Fabricated by the Combination of Rigid and Flexible Templates.

Regular microstructures can improve the electrical and optical characteristics of perovskite single crystals because of the removal of defects and grain boundaries. Microstructured single crystals are commonly fabricated by either rigid or flexible templates. However, rigid templates usually need surface treatment before crystal fabrication to create an antiadhesion layer, while flexible templates encounter difficulties in achieving a large area of uniform single crystals without any deformation. In this work, we present a facile and robust method to fabricate perovskite single crystals using rigid silicon pillars coated with flexible polymer solutions, in which surface treatment is avoided in the preparation process, and deformation is absent in the formed crystals. The method realized the fabrication of colorful concentric-ring patterns composed of nanoscale single crystals for the first time. In order to concisely control the preparation of the template, the Newton's ring phenomenon was used to value the droplet height because the number of rings changed with the optical path difference. A related digital simulation was performed to find the correlation of the Newton's ring pattern with the shape of the droplets. The simulated results were consistent with the experimental observations generally, indicating that the pattern could be controlled mechanically. Concomitantly, the resulting perovskite nanoscale single crystals formed a regular colorful concentric-ring pattern. By changing the design of the rigid templates, the parameters of the fabrication process, or the selection of the coating polymer solution, different ring-patterned single crystals were successfully prepared without surface treatment and deformation. The crystals have potential applications in lasers or photodetectors.

PI3K mediates tumor necrosis factor induced-necroptosis through initiating RIP1-RIP3-MLKL signaling pathway activation.

Necroptosis is a recently identified programmed cell death, which is initiated by receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIP1), RIP3 and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). It has been reported that necroptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was inhibited by the inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and its substrate protein AKT, indicating that PI3K-AKT signaling pathway was involved in mediating TNF-induced necroptosis, whereas it is unclear how PI3K initiates necroptosis. In this study, we found that TNF-induced necroptosis was inhibited by chemical inhibition or genetic deletion of PI3K. Moreover, knockdown of p110α, the catalytic subunit of PI3K, significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of PI3K substrate protein AKT, and TNF-induced necroptosis was blocked by AKT inhibitors. Furthermore, we found that p110α knockdown also suppressed the phosphorylation and oligomerization of RIP1, RIP3 and MLKL in response to TNF stimulation. In addition to the critical role in mediating TNF-induced necrosome formation, p110α was also essential for the spontaneous phosphorylation of RIP1 and RIP3. Finally, we found that p110α bound to RIP3, but not RIP1, to form protein complex in the process of TNF-induced necroptosis, and mediated TNF-induced necroptosis in the absence of RIP1. Our results demonstrate that PI3K is essential for TNF-induced necroptosis, which may act as the partner of RIP3 to initiate the activation of RIP1-RIP3-MLKL signal pathway and the subsequent necroptosis.

Evolution of the functionalities and structures of biochar in pyrolysis of poplar in a wide temperature range.

This study studied the change of functionalities in the biochar formed in pyrolysis of poplar wood in a wide range of temperature. The in situ Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy characterization indicated that aldehydes and ketones functionalities formation initiated at 100 °C, dominated at 300 to 500 °C. Carboxyl group was less stable than carbonyls. Cellulose crystal in poplar decomposed slightly at 300 °C and significantly at 350 °C. The temperature from 250 to 350 °C significantly affected biochar yields, while the drastic fusion of the ring structures in biochar occurred from 550 to 650 °C, making biochar more aliphatic while less more aromatic. High pyrolysis temperature also created more defective structures in the biochar and favored the absorption of the CO2 generated during the pyrolysis. The results provide the reference information for understanding the structural configuration and evolution of the functionalities during in pyrolysis of poplar biomass.