ABSTRACT
Due to the increasing use of immunosuppressant therapy, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) has become an emerging concern in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients. In this study, we conducted a retrospective study of 96 hospitalized patients with PJP from January 2015 to June 2019 at three tertiary comprehensive hospitals in Southern China. Information was collected regarding patient demographics, clinical manifestations, risk factors, laboratory analyses, radiological images, and treatment outcomes. PJP infection was most commonly found in middle-aged men. Kidney diseases (35.5%) and connective tissue diseases (38.7%) were the predominant risk factors for PJP. About half of the patients (48.4%) received glucocorticoid, immunosuppressant, and/or chemotherapy in a low dose or in a short-term (< 3 months). None of the patients had previously received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for PJP prophylaxis. All patients had two or more clinical manifestations (cough, dyspnea, fever, and chest pain). Biochemical investigations of CRP, ESR, PaO2, LDH, and KL-6 showed that over 90% of the patients exceeded the reference range of indicators. Our analyses revealed the dominant risk factors (HIV, kidney diseases, and connective tissue diseases) and the most consistent biochemical indicators (LDH, BG, and KL-6) for PJP. Moreover, early prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment should contribute to improve the survival of these PJP patients.
Subject(s)
Pneumocystis carinii/isolation & purification , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/microbiology , Adult , Aged , Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage , China/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pneumocystis carinii/drug effects , Pneumocystis carinii/physiology , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/diagnostic imaging , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Tertiary Care Centers/statistics & numerical data , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug CombinationABSTRACT
The heterometallic cubane-type clusters [(Cp*Mo)(3)(mu(3)-S)(4)Au(PR(3))][PF(6)][X] (Cp* = eta(5)-C(5)Me(5); 2a: R = Ph, X = BF(4); 2b: R = Cy, X = PF(6); 2c: R = (t)Bu, X = PF(6)), [(Cp*Mo)(3)(mu(3)-S)(4)Ag(PPh(3))][PF(6)][OTf] (3, OTf = OSO(2)CF(3)) and [(Cp*Mo)(3)(mu(3)-S)(4)CuI][PF(6)] (4) have been prepared by the reaction of [(Cp*Mo)(3)(mu(2)-S)(3)(mu(3)-S)][PF(6)] (1) with complexes [(R(3)P)Au][X], [(Ph(3)P)Ag][OTf] and CuI, respectively. These clusters have been spectroscopically and crystallographically characterized. In addition, the electrochemical properties of clusters 2a, 2b, 2c and 4 are also discussed.