Scalable Cathodic H2O2 Electrosynthesis using Cobalt-Coordinated Nanocellulose Electrocatalyst.

Converting hierarchical biomass structure into cutting-edge architecture of electrocatalysts can effectively relieve the extreme dependency of nonrenewable fossil-fuel-resources typically suffering from low cost-effectiveness, scarce supplies, and adverse environmental impacts. A cost-effective cobalt-coordinated nanocellulose (CNF) strategy is reported for realizing a high-performance 2e-ORR electrocatalysts through molecular engineering of hybrid ZIFs-CNF architecture. By a coordination and pyrolysis process, it generates substantial oxygen-capturing active sites within the typically oxygen-insulating cellulose, promoting O2 mass and electron transfer efficiency along the nanostructured Co3O4 anchored with CNF-based biochar. The Co-CNF electrocatalyst exhibits an exceptional H2O2 electrosynthesis efficiency of ≈510.58 mg L-1 cm-2 h-1 with an exceptional superiority over the existing biochar-, or fossil-fuel-derived electrocatalysts. The combination of the electrocatalysts with stainless steel mesh serving as a dual cathode can strongly decompose regular organic pollutants (up to 99.43% removal efficiency by 30 min), showing to be a desirable approach for clean environmental remediation with sustainability, ecological safety, and high-performance.

Hierarchical Bilayer Polyelectrolyte Ion Paper Conductor for Moisture-Induced Power Generation.

Harvesting energy from air water (atmospheric moisture) promises a sustainable self-powered system without any restrictions from specific environmental requirements (e.g., solar cells, hydroelectric, or thermoelectric devices). However, the present moisture-induced power devices traditionally generate intermittent or bursts of energy, especially for much lower current outputs (generally keeping at nA or µA levels) from the ambient environment, typically suffering from inferior ionic conductivity and poor hierarchical structure design for manipulating sustained air water and ion-charge transport. Here, we demonstrate a universal strategy to design a high-performance bilayer polyelectrolyte ion paper conductor for generating continuous electric power from ambient humidity. The generator can produce a continuous voltage of up to 0.74 V and also an exceptional current of 5.63 mA across a single 1.0 mm-thick ion paper conductor. We discover that the sandwiched LiCl-nanocellulose-engineered paper promises an ion-transport junction between the negatively and positively charged bilayer polyelectrolytes for application in MEGs with both high voltage and high current outputs. Moreover, we demonstrated the universality of this bilayer sandwich nanocellulose-salt engineering strategy with other anions and cations, exhibiting similar power generation ability, indicating that it could be the next generation of sustainable MEGs with low cost, easier operation, and high performance.

ColorNetVis: An Interactive Color Network Analysis System for Exploring the Color Composition of Traditional Chinese Painting.

In the field of digital humanities, color research aims to discover explanations for painting history and color usage habits. However, researchers analyzing color relationships is challenging and time-consuming, as it requires color extraction and a detailed review of many painting images for reference and comparison of color relationships. In our work, we propose ColorNetVis, an interactive color network analysis tool that enables researchers to explore color relationships through color networks. The core of ColorNetVis is a bipartite network model that establishes a bipartite relationship between colors and Chinese painting within a scope based on color difference measurement. It constructs a one-mode color network through projection algorithms and similarity calculation methods to discover the relationship between colors. We propose a coordinated set of views to demonstrate the combination of determined color networks with painting types and real-world attributes. We use color space view, color attribute distribution view, and single color query components to assist researchers in conducting detailed color analysis and validation. Through case studies, researcher reviews, and user studies, we demonstrate that ColorNetVis can effectively help researchers discover knowledge of color relationships and potential color research directions.

Relative Mediastinal Displacement Index (RMDI): A Prenatal MRI Indicator of Adverse Events in Fetuses With Isolated Left Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), has partly improved congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) outcomes, yet the overall morbidity and mortality remain high. Existing prenatal indicators for CDH fetuses are operator-dependent, time-consuming, or less accurate, a new simple and accurate indicator to indicate adverse events in CDH patients is needed. PURPOSE: To propose and assess the association of a new MRI parameter, the relative mediastinal displacement index (RMDI), with adverse events including in-hospital deaths or the need for ECMO in fetuses with isolated left CDH (iLCDH). STUDY TYPE: Retrospective analysis. SUBJECTS: One hundred thirty-nine fetuses were included in the iLCDH group (24 with adverse events and 115 without) and 257 fetuses were included in the control group from two centers in Guangzhou. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3.0 T, T2WI-TRUFI; 1.5 T, T2WI-FIESTA. ASSESSMENT: Three operators independently measured the → DL $$ \underset{\mathrm{DL}}{\to } $$ , → DR $$ \underset{\mathrm{DR}}{\to } $$ , and DH on the axial images. The calculation formula of the RMDI was ( → DL $$ \underset{\mathrm{DL}}{\to } $$ + → DR $$ \underset{\mathrm{DR}}{\to } $$ )/DH . STATISTICAL TESTS: The independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, Chi-square test continuity correction, Fisher's test, linear regression analysis, logistic regression analysis, intraclass correlation coefficient, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and Delong test. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The RMDI did not change with gestational age in the iLCDH group (with [P = 0.189] and without [P = 0.567] adverse events) and the control group (P = 0.876). There were significant differences in RMDI between the iLCDH group (0.89 [0.65, 1.00]) and the control group (-0.23 [-0.34, -0.16]). In the iLCDH group, RMDI was the only indicator left for indicating adverse events, and the best cutoff value was 1.105. Moreover, there was a significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between the RMDI (AUC = 0.900) and MSA (AUC = 0.820), LHR (AUC = 0.753), o/e LHR (AUC = 0.709), and o/e TFLV (AUC = 0.728), respectively. DATA CONCLUSION: The RMDI is expected to be a simple and accurate tool for indicating adverse events in fetuses with iLCDH. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.

Somatostatin alleviates diversion colitis after fecal-stream bypass colostomy surgeries in rats.

BACKGROUND: Diversion colitis (DC) is a prevalent complication of colostomy characterized by intestinal inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of somatostatin (SST) in managing DC. METHODS: After establishing a rat DC model, SST was administered via Mini Osmotic Pumps 2001W at a pumping rate of 1.0 µL/h. Various techniques, including hematoxylin and eosin staining, periodic acid-Schiff staining, immunofluorescence staining, and electron microscopy were employed to assess the effects of SST. Intestinal barrier functions were evaluated using Evans blue, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and MacConkey agar. RESULTS: After SST treatment, the significant weight loss and associated high mortality in the DC group were successfully mitigated. Upregulation of claudin-3 and claudin-4 restored mechanical barriers in colon epithelial tissue, whereas protection of goblet cells and stimulation of mucus secretion enhanced mucus barriers. SST effectively reduced leaky gut and alleviated systemic inflammation. CONCLUSION: This study provides initial evidence supporting the efficacy of SST in the treatment of DC. It offers insights into the role of SST in DC by elucidating its ability to restore damaged intestinal barriers.

Realness of face images can be decoded from non-linear modulation of EEG responses.

Artificially created human faces play an increasingly important role in our digital world. However, the so-called uncanny valley effect may cause people to perceive highly, yet not perfectly human-like faces as eerie, bringing challenges to the interaction with virtual agents. At the same time, the neurocognitive underpinnings of the uncanny valley effect remain elusive. Here, we utilized an electroencephalography (EEG) dataset of steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) in which participants were presented with human face images of different stylization levels ranging from simplistic cartoons to actual photographs. Assessing neuronal responses both in frequency and time domain, we found a non-linear relationship between SSVEP amplitudes and stylization level, that is, the most stylized cartoon images and the real photographs evoked stronger responses than images with medium stylization. Moreover, realness of even highly similar stylization levels could be decoded from the EEG data with task-related component analysis (TRCA). Importantly, we also account for confounding factors, such as the size of the stimulus face's eyes, which previously have not been adequately addressed. Together, this study provides a basis for future research and neuronal benchmarking of real-time detection of face realness regarding three aspects: SSVEP-based neural markers, efficient classification methods, and low-level stimulus confounders.

Bioactive polyketides and meroterpenoids from the mangrove-derived fungus Talaromyces flavus TGGP35.

Six new polyketides, which includes three new lactones (talarotones A-C) (1-3), one new polyketide (talarotide A) (4), two new polyenes (talaroyenes A, B) (5, 6), together with one new meroterpenoid (talaropenoid A) (7) and 13 known compounds (8-20) were isolated from the mangrove-derived fungus Talaromyces flavus TGGP35. The structure and configuration of the compounds 1-7 were elucidated from the data obtained from HR-ESI-MS, IR, 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy, Mo2 (OAc)4-induced electronic circular dichroism (ECD), CD spectroscopy, and modified Mosher's method. Compounds 5 and 20 displayed antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 0.40 and 1.36 mM, respectively. Compounds 3, 6, 11, 16, and 17 displayed cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells Hela, A549, and had IC50 values ranging from 28.89 to 62.23 µM. Compounds 7, 10-12, and 14-18 exhibited moderate or potent anti-insect activity against newly hatched larvae of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner, with IC50 values in the range 50-200 µg/mL. Compound 18 showed antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum with the MIC value of 50 µg/mL.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer: the increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events and progression of coronary artery calcium.

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have contributed to a significant advancement in the treatment of cancer, leading to improved clinical outcomes in many individuals with advanced disease. Both preclinical and clinical investigations have shown that ICIs are associated with atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular events; however, the exact mechanism underlying this relationship has not been clarified. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with stages III or IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at the Wuhan Union Hospital from March 1, 2020, to April 30, 2022, were included in this retrospective study. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) volume and score were assessed in a subset of patients during non-ECG-gated chest CT scans at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed in a 1:1 ratio to balance the baseline characteristics between the two groups. RESULTS: Overall, 1458 patients (487 with ICI therapy and 971 without ICI therapy) were enrolled in this cardiovascular cohort study. After PSM, 446 patients were included in each group. During the entire period of follow-up (median follow-up 23.1 months), 24 atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events (4.9%) occurred in the ICI group, and 14 ASCVD events (1.4%) in the non-ICI group, before PSM; 24 ASCVD events (5.4%) occurred in the ICI group and 5 ASCVD events (1.1%) in the non-ICI group after PSM. The CAC imaging study group comprised 113 patients with ICI therapy and 133 patients without ICI therapy. After PSM, each group consisted of 75 patients. In the ICI group, the CAC volume/score increased from 93.4 mm3/96.9 (baseline) to 125.1 mm3/132.8 (at 12 months). In the non-ICI group, the CAC volume/score was increased from 70.1 mm3/68.8 (baseline) to 84.4 mm3/87.9 (at 12 months). After PSM, the CAC volume/score was increased from 85.1 mm3/76.4 (baseline) to 111.8 mm3/121.1 (12 months) in the ICI group and was increased from 74.9 mm3/76.8 (baseline) to 109.3 mm3/98.7 (12 months) in the non-ICI group. Both cardiovascular events and CAC progression were increased after the initiation of ICIs. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with ICIs was associated with a higher rate of ASCVD events and a noticeable increase in CAC progression.

Molecular Insights into the Specific Targeting of c-MYC G-Quadruplex by Thiazole Peptides.

Stabilization of a G-quadruplex (G4) in the promotor of the c-MYC proto-oncogene leads to inhibition of gene expression, and it thus represents a potentially attractive new strategy for cancer treatment. However, most G4 stabilizers show little selectivity among the many G4s present in the cellular complement of DNA and RNA. Intriguingly, a crescent-shaped cell-penetrating thiazole peptide, TH3, preferentially stabilizes the c-MYC G4 over other promotor G4s, but the mechanisms leading to this selective binding remain obscure. To investigate these mechanisms at the atomic level, we performed an in silico comparative investigation of the binding of TH3 and its analogue TH1 to the G4s from the promotors of c-MYC, c-KIT1, c-KIT2, and BCL2. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, combined with in-depth analyses of non-covalent interactions and bulk and per-nucleotide binding free energies, revealed that both TH3 and TH1 can induce the formation of a sandwich-like framework through stacking with both the top and bottom G-tetrads of the c-MYC G4 and the adjacent terminal capping nucleotides. This framework produces enhanced binding affinities for c-MYC G4 relative to other promotor G4s, with TH3 exhibiting an outstanding binding priority. Van der Waals interactions were identified to be the key factor in complex formation in all cases. Collectively, our findings fully agree with available experimental data. Therefore, the identified mechanisms leading to specific binding of TH3 towards c-MYC G4 provide valuable information to guide the development of new selective G4 stabilizers.

Reconstruction of degraded image transmitting through ocean turbulence via deep learning.

When a laser carrying image information is transmitted in seawater, the presence of ocean turbulence leads to significant degradation of the received information due to the effect of interference. To address this issue, we propose a deep-learning-based method to retrieve the original information from a degraded pattern. To simulate the propagation of laser beams in ocean turbulence, a model of an ocean turbulence phase screen based on the power spectrum inversion method is used. The degraded images with different turbulence conditions are produced based on the model. A Pix2Pix network architecture is built to acquire the original image information. The results indicate that the network can realize high-fidelity image recovery under various turbulence conditions based on the degraded patterns. However, as turbulence strength and transmission distance increase, the reconstruction accuracy of the Pix2Pix network decreases. To further improve the image reconstruction ability of neural network architectures, we established three networks (U-Net, Pix2Pix, and Deep-Pix2Pix) and compared their performance in retrieving the degraded patterns. Overall, the Pix2Pix network showed the best performance for image reconstruction.

The Role of KDM2A and H3K36me2 Demethylation in Modulating MAPK Signaling During Neurodevelopment.

Intellectual disability (ID) is a condition characterized by cognitive impairment and difficulties in adaptive functioning. In our research, we identified two de novo mutations (c.955C>T and c.732C>A) at the KDM2A locus in individuals with varying degrees of ID. In addition, by using the Gene4Denovo database, we discovered five additional cases of de novo mutations in KDM2A. The mutations we identified significantly decreased the expression of the KDM2A protein. To investigate the role of KDM2A in neural development, we used both 2D neural stem cell models and 3D cerebral organoids. Our findings demonstrated that the reduced expression of KDM2A impairs the proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs), increases apoptosis, induces premature neuronal differentiation, and affects synapse maturation. Through ChIP-Seq analysis, we found that KDM2A exhibited binding to the transcription start site regions of genes involved in neurogenesis. In addition, the knockdown of KDM2A hindered H3K36me2 binding to the downstream regulatory elements of genes. By integrating ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq data, we made a significant discovery of the core genes' remarkable enrichment in the MAPK signaling pathway. Importantly, this enrichment was specifically linked to the p38 MAPK pathway. Furthermore, disease enrichment analysis linked the differentially-expressed genes identified from RNA-Seq of NPCs and cerebral organoids to neurodevelopmental disorders such as ID, autism spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia. Overall, our findings suggest that KDM2A plays a crucial role in regulating the H3K36me2 modification of downstream genes, thereby modulating the MAPK signaling pathway and potentially impacting early brain development.

Heart Rate Response Predicts 6-Minutes Walking Distance in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Because the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) is a self-paced submaximal test, the 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) is substantially influenced by individual effort level and physical condition, which is difficult to quantify. We aimed to explore the optimal indicator reflecting the perceived effort level during 6MWT. We prospectively enrolled 76 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and 152 healthy participants; they performed 2 6MWTs at 2 different speeds: (1) at leisurely speed, as performed in daily life without extra effort (leisure 6MWT) and (2) an increased walking speed, walking as the guideline indicated (standard 6MWT). The factors associated with 6MWD during standard 6MWT were investigated using a multiple linear regression analysis. The heart rate (HR) and Borg score increased and oxygen saturation (SpO2) decreased after walking in 2 6MWTs in both groups (all p <0.001). The ratio of difference in HR before and after each test (ΔHR) to HR before walking (HRat rest) and the difference in SpO2 (ΔSpO2) and Borg (ΔBorg) before and after each test were all significantly higher in both groups after standard 6MWT than after leisure 6MWT (all p <0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that ΔHR/HRat rest was an independent predictor of 6MWD during standard 6MWT in both groups (both p <0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.737 and 0.49, respectively). 6MWD and ΔHR/HRat rest were significantly lower in patients than in healthy participants (both p <0.001) and in patients with cardiac functional class III than in patients with class I/II (both p <0.001). In conclusion, ΔHR/HRat rest is a good reflector of combined physical and effort factors. HR response should be incorporated into 6MWD to better assess a participant's exercise capacity.

Measurement of the [Formula: see text]Ta([Formula: see text]) cross sections up to stellar s-process temperatures at the CSNS Back-n.

The neutron capture cross section of [Formula: see text]Ta is relevant to s-process of nuclear astrophysics, extraterrestrial samples analysis in planetary geology and new generation nuclear energy system design. The [Formula: see text]Ta([Formula: see text]) cross section had been measured between 1 eV and 800 keV at the back-streaming white neutron facility (Back-n) of China spallation neutron source(CSNS) using the time-of-flight (TOF) technique and [Formula: see text] liquid scintillator detectors. The experimental results are compared with the data of several evaluated libraries and previous experiments in the resolved and unresolved resonance region. Resonance parameters are extracted using the R-Matrix code SAMMY in the 1-700 eV region. The astrophysical Maxwell average cross section(MACS) from kT = 5 to 100 keV is calculated over a sufficiently wide range of neutron energies. For the characteristic thermal energy of an astrophysical site, at kT = 30keV the MACS value of [Formula: see text]Ta is 834 ± 75 mb, which shows an obvious discrepancy with the Karlsruhe Astrophysical Database of Nucleosynthesis in Stars (KADoNiS) recommended value 766 ± 15 mb. The new measurements strongly constrain the MACS of [Formula: see text]Ta([Formula: see text]) reaction in the stellar s-process temperatures.

Characterizing discourses about COVID-19 vaccines on Twitter: a topic modeling and sentiment analysis approach.

BACKGROUND: Evidence-based health communication is crucial for facilitating vaccine-related knowledge and addressing vaccine hesitancy. To that end, it is important to understand the discourses about COVID-19 vaccination and attend to the publics' emotions underlying those discourses. METHODS: We collect tweets related to COVID-19 vaccines from March 2020 to March 2021. In total, 304,292 tweets from 134,015 users are collected. We conduct a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) modeling analysis and a sentiment analysis to analyze the discourse themes and sentiments. RESULTS: This study identifies seven themes of COVID-19 vaccine-related discourses. Vaccine advocacy (24.82%) is the most widely discussed topic about COVID-19 vaccines, followed by vaccine hesitancy (22.29%), vaccine rollout (12.99%), vaccine facts (12.61%), recognition for healthcare workers (12.47%), vaccine side effects (10.07%), and vaccine policies (4.75%). Trust is the most salient emotion associated with COVID-19 vaccine discourses, followed by anticipation, fear, joy, sadness, anger, surprise, and disgust. Among the seven topics, vaccine advocacy tweets are most likely to receive likes and comments, and vaccine fact tweets are most likely to receive retweets. CONCLUSIONS: When talking about vaccines, publics' emotions are dominated by trust and anticipation, yet mixed with fear and sadness. Although tweets about vaccine hesitancy are prevalent on Twitter, those messages receive fewer likes and comments than vaccine advocacy messages. Over time, tweets about vaccine advocacy and vaccine facts become more dominant whereas tweets about vaccine hesitancy become less dominant among COVID-19 vaccine discourses, suggesting that publics become more confident about COVID-19 vaccines as they obtain more information.

All-Printed Flexible Hygro-Thermoelectric Paper Generator.

The conversion of ubiquitous hygrothermal resources into renewable energy offers significant potential for cable-free, self-powered systems that can operate worldwide without regard to climatic or geographic limitations. Here, an all-printed flexible hygro-thermoelectric paper generator is demonstrated that uses bifunctional mobile ions and electrons to make the moist-diffusion effect, the Soret effect, and the Seebeck effect work synergistically. In the ordinary hygrothermal settings, it generates an unconventional hygro-thermoelectric output pattern and shows almost a dozen-fold increase in positive hygro-thermopower of 26.70 mV K-1 and also another negative hygro-thermopower of -15.71 mV K-1 compared to pure thermopower. A single paper generator can produce a giant 680 mV displaying typical cyclic sinusoidal waveform characters with volt-sized amplitudes. The ion-electron conductive ink is easily printable and consists primarily of a Bi2 Te3 /PEDOT:PSS thermoelectric matrix modulated with a hygroscopic glycerol that releases ion charges for moist-diffusion effect and Soret effect, as well as electron charges for Seebeck effect. The emerged hygro-thermoelectric harvesting strategy from surrounding hygrothermal resources offers a revolutionary approach to the next generation of hybrid energy with cost-efficiency, flexibility, and sustainability, and also enables large-scale roll-to-roll production.

Clustering analysis revealed the autophagy classification and potential autophagy regulators' sensitivity of pancreatic cancer based on multi-omics data.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy and is unresponsive to conventional therapeutic modalities due to its high heterogeneity, expounding the necessity, and priority of searching for effective biomarkers and drugs. Autophagy, as an evolutionarily conserved biological process, is upregulated in PDAC and its regulation is linked to a poor prognosis. Increased autophagy sequestered MHC-I on PDAC cells and weaken the antigen presentation and antitumor immune response, indicating the potential therapeutic strategies of autophagy inhibitors. METHODS: By performing 10 state-of-the-art multi-omics clustering algorithms, we constructed a robust PDAC classification model to reveal the autophagy-related genes among different subgroups. OUTCOMES: After building a more comprehensive regulating network for potential autophagy regulators exploration, we concluded the top 20 autophagy-related hub genes (GAPDH, MAPK3, RHEB, SQSTM1, EIF2S1, RAB5A, CTSD, MAP1LC3B, RAB7A, RAB11A, FADD, CFKN2A, HSP90AB1, VEGFA, RELA, DDIT3, HSPA5, BCL2L1, BAG3, and ERBB2), six miRNAs, five transcription factors, and five immune infiltrated cells as biomarkers. The drug sensitivity database was screened based on the biomarkers to predict possible drug-targeting signal pathways, hoping to yield novel insights, and promote the progress of the anticancer therapeutic strategy. CONCLUSION: We succefully constructed an autophagy-related mRNA/miRNA/TF/Immune cells network based on a 10 state-of art algorithm multi-omics analysis, and screened the drug sensitivity dataset for detecting potential signal pathway which might be possible autophagy modulators' targets.

The Efficacy and Safety of Proton Pump Inhibitors Combining Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients with Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are used to prevent gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with coronary treatment undergoing dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). Methods: A systematic review was performed to compare the outcomes between DAPT and DAPT + PPI in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients or patients who took percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with coronary stent implantation (PCI patients), and to estimate, for the first time, the sample size needed for reliable results via trial sequential analysis (TSA). The PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were searched for articles authored from the onset until November 1, 2022, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing outcomes in ACS or PCI patients who undertook DAPT or DAPT + PPI. The primary outcomes were the incidence rate of gastrointestinal events and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Results: The initial web search retrieved 786 literature references. Eventually, eight articles published between 2009 and 2020 were incorporated into the systematic review and meta-analysis. The combined results established a non-significant variation in MACEs incidences between the DAPT group and DAPT + PPI group [risk ratio (RR) = 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.81-1.06, p = 0.27, I 2 = 0%]; conversely, the incidence of gastrointestinal events was significantly decreased in the DAPT + PPI group in comparison with the DAPT group (RR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.24-0.45, p < 0.00001, I 2 = 0%). TSA of MACEs and gastrointestinal events revealed that meta-analysis included adequate trials (required sample size = 6874) in the pool to achieve 80% study power. Conclusions: Based on our results, DAPT + PPI can significantly reduce gastrointestinal outcomes without affecting cardiovascular outcomes in PCI and ACS patients compared to DAPT.

The effect of a body shape index (ABSI) and its interaction with low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on osteoporosis in elderly Chinese.

BACKGROUND: Both obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) contribute to osteoporosis risk, but the effect of a newly developed index (e.g., a body shape index, ABSI) of central obesity and its interaction with low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on osteoporosis remains unknown. METHODS: A total of 2534 Chinese individuals were enrolled in our ongoing cohort study: Osteoporosis Preventive Project. ABSI and eGFR were calculated as obesity-related indexes and renal function markers, respectively. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between osteoporosis and related clinical parameters (e.g., ABSI, eGFR), and to assess the additive and multiplicative interactions between risk factors and osteoporosis. Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) and synergy index (SI) were calculated to assess the additive interaction. RESULTS: High ABSI was significantly associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis in participants compared with the lowest quartile of ABSI in both crude and adjusted models. Individuals in the lower quartiles of eGFR had a significantly increased risk of osteoporosis compared with those in the highest quartiles in crude models. After adding age and other variables in the model, the association was abolished. In addition, after adjusting for variables, high ABSI with low eGFR (RERI: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.15-0.75; AP: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17-0.60) still displayed a noticeable interaction on the risk of osteoporosis. The multiplicative interactive effect between high ABSI with low eGFR on osteoporosis was statistically significant in the multivariable-adjusted model (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study indicated that higher ABSI increases the risk of osteoporosis independently and synergistically with low eGFR in Chinese elderly adults. The findings increase our understanding of the interactions of osteoporosis risk factors and may help provide potential interventions for osteoporosis.

Macrophages and monocytes mediated activation of oxidative phosphorylation implicated the prognosis and clinical therapeutic strategy of Wilms tumour.

Wilms tumour is the fourth leading cause of paediatric malignancy, but the detailed relationship between the tumour microenvironment and prognosis remains largely unclear. In this research, gene expression profile and clinical information from TARGET and the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were collected. After comparing the prognostic value of the associated immune cells, we established a nomogram to predict the prognosis of Wilms tumour based on monocyte infiltration, macrophage infiltration, stage, and sex. Further results showed that the most significant relationship between matrix metallopeptidase 9 and prognosis or macrophage infiltration. Meanwhile, by gene set enrichment or variation analyses and immunohistochemistry staining, we demonstrated that the most highly enriched hub genes were closely related to the activated oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Finally, through tumour immune dysfunction and an exclusion algorithm, the satisfactory discriminative performance of our nomogram was revealed for predicting the response to clinical therapy. Anti-PD1 therapy is more suitable for Wilms tumour patients with high nomogram points, and chemotherapies are more effective for patients with low nomogram score.

Multisymbol Time Division Coding for High-Frequency Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential-Based Brain-Computer Interface.

The optimization of coding stimulus is a crucial factor in the study of steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interface(BCI).This study proposed an encoding approach named Multi-Symbol Time Division Coding (MSTDC). This approach is based on a protocol of maximizing the distance between neural responses, which aims to encode stimulation systems implementing any number of targets with finite stimulations of different frequencies and phases. Firstly, this study designed an SSVEP-based BCI system containing forty targets with this approach. The stimulation encoding of this system was achieved with four temporal-divided stimuli that adopt the same frequency of 30 Hz and different phases. During the online experiments of twelve subjects, this system achieved an average accuracy of 96.77 ±2.47 % and an average information transfer rate (ITR) of 119.05 ± 6.11 bits/min. This study also devised an SSVEP-based BCI system containing 72 targets and proposed a Template Splicing task-related component analysis (TRCA) algorithm that utilized the dataset of the previous system containing forty targets as the training dataset. The subjects acquired an average accuracy of 86.23 ± 7.75% and an average ITR of 95.68 ± 14.19 bits/min. It can be inferred that MSTDC can encode multiple targets with limited frequencies and phases of stimuli. Meanwhile, this protocol can be effortlessly expanded into other systems and sufficiently reduce the cost of collecting training data. This study provides a feasible technique for obtaining a comfortable SSVEP-based BCI with multiple targets while maintaining high information transfer rate.