Impact of age, sex, and thyroid autoimmunity on the association between selenium intake and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: The association between dietary selenium(Se) intake and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains controversial. The present study aimed to investigate this association using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database for the years 2007-2012. METHODS: Three thousand seventy three individuals aged 20 years and above were eligible for inclusion in this cross-sectional study. The average age of the participants was 50.74 years and the proportions of males and females were nearly equal (49.12% vs. 50.88%). The odds ratios (OR) of the association between dietary Se intake (log2-transformed) and T2DM were examined through the multivariate logistic regression model. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on age, sex, and thyroid autoimmunity to assess the potential impact of these variables on the relationship. Fitted smoothing curves and threshold effect analysis were conducted to describe the nonlinear relationship. RESULTS: In the fully adjusted model, a significant positive association between Se intake and T2DM was observed (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.90, p = 0.0017). After stratifying the data by age, sex, and thyroid autoimmunity, a significant positive association between Se intake and T2DM was observed in individuals under 65 years of age, males, and those with negative thyroid autoimmunity. A two-segment linear regression model was analyzed for sex stratification, revealing a threshold effect in males with an inflection point of 90.51 µg, and an inverted U-shaped relationship in females with an inflection point of 109.90 µg, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The present study found a positive relationship between Se intake and the prevalence of T2DM. This association is particularly significant in younger individuals, males, and those with negative thyroid autoimmunity. Our results should be validated in future large prospective studies in different populations.

Association between estrogen replacement therapy and heart failure in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Based on past epidemiological investigations, the cardiovascular role of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in postmenopausal women has always been controversial. The real efficacy of ERT for heart failure (HF) among postmenopausal women remains to be further investigated. This article is based on research into European and American populations. PURPOSE: To determine the impact of estrogen replacement therapy on HF using meta-analysis. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Electronic literature was searched on Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the hospitalization for heart failure between ERT users and non-users among postmenopausal women. Pairs of reviewers screened eligible articles independently, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias. Summary relative risks were estimated for the composite endpoint of first hospitalized heart failure and admission to the hospital for heart failure. RESULTS: A pooled study of five randomized controlled trials found that estrogen replacement therapy had no significant effect on the composite endpoint in postmenopausal women, with a relative risk of 1.02 (95% CI 0.94-1.10). CONCLUSION: This systematic review demonstrated that estrogen replacement therapy did not significantly change the risk of first hospitalized heart failure and admission to the hospital for heart failure in postmenopausal women.

The Impact of Elsinoë ampelina Infection on Key Metabolic Properties in Vitis vinifera 'Red Globe' Berries via Multiomics Approaches.

Grape anthracnose caused by Elsinoë ampelina (Shear) is one of the most serious fungal diseases that lead to the quality reduction and yield losses of grape (Vitis vinifera 'Red Globe') berries. In the present study, metabolome and transcriptome analyses were conducted using grape berries in the field after infection with E. ampelina at 7, 10, and 13 days to identify the metabolic properties of berries. In total, 132 metabolites with significant differences and 6,877 differentially expressed genes were detected and shared by three comparisons. The analyses demonstrated that phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, stilbenoid, and nucleotide metabolisms were enriched in E. ampelina-infected grape berries but not amino acid metabolism. Phenolamide, terpene, and polyphenole contents also accumulated during E. ampelina infection. The results provided evidence of the enhancement of secondary metabolites such as resveratrol, α-viniferin, ε-viniferin, and lignins involved in plant defense. The results showed the plant defense-associated metabolic reprogramming caused by E. ampelina infection in grape berry and provided a global metabolic mechanism under E. ampelina stimulation.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.

High-resolution FTIR spectroscopy of benzaldehyde in the far-infrared region: probing the rotational barrier.

A discrepancy between theoretical and experimental values of the rotational barrier in benzaldehyde has been observed, which was attributed to inaccurate experimental results in part. Here, we report results on the -CHO torsion of benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) based on a high resolution spectroscopic investigation in the far-infrared range in an effort to remove the experimental ambiguity. The rotationally-resolved vibrational spectra were measured with an unapodized resolution of 0.00064 cm-1 using synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy at the Canadian Light Source. The torsional fundamental νt = 109.415429(20) cm-1 was unambiguously assigned via rovibrational analysis, followed by the tentative assignment of the first (2νt-νt) and second (3νt- 2νt) hot bands at 107.58 cm-1 and 105.61 cm-1, respectively, by comparison of the observed Q branch structures at high resolution with simulation based on a previous microwave study. This assignment is different from any previous low resolution infrared studies in which the intensity patterns were misleading. The key result of the assignment of the first three transitions allowed the determination of the barrier to internal rotation of (hc)1533.6 cm-1 (4.38 kcal mol-1). When compared with calculated results from vibrational second-order perturbation theory (VPT2) and the quasiadiabatic channel reaction path Hamiltonian (RPH) approach, the experimental value is still too low and this suggests that the discrepancy between theory and experiment remains despite the best experimental efforts.

The Gigahertz and Terahertz spectrum of monodeutero-oxirane (c-C2H3DO).

The rotational spectrum of monodeutero-oxirane was analysed as measured using the Zurich Gigahertz (GHz) spectrometer and our highest resolution Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer system coupled to synchrotron radiation at the Swiss Light Source (SLS). 112 distinct line frequencies have been newly assigned in the GHz range (extended to 120 GHz, compared to previous work extending to only 59 GHz) including rotational states up to J = 23. We have furthermore assigned 398 lines in the far infrared or Terahertz range (0.75-2.10 THz or 25-70 cm-1) including transitions with rotational quantum numbers up to J = 59. The results are discussed in relation to the possible first astrophysical observation of an isotopically chiral molecule and in relation to molecular parity violation.

A molecular quantum switch based on tunneling in meta-d-phenol C6H4DOH.

We introduce the concept of a molecular quantum switch and demonstrate it with the example of meta-d-phenol, based on recent theoretical and high-resolution spectroscopic results for this molecule. We show that in the regime of tunneling switching with localized low-energy states and delocalized high-energy states the molecular quantum switch can be operated in two different ways: (i) a quasiclassical switching by coherent infrared radiation between the two isomeric structures syn- and anti-m-d-phenol; and (ii) a highly nonclassical switching making use of bistructural quantum superposition states of the syn and anti structures, which can be observed by their time-dependent spectra after preparation.

Isotope effects on the resonance interactions and vibrational quantum dynamics of fluoroform 12,13CHF3.

We report a comparison of the analysis of the low energy spectrum of 13CHF3 and 12CHF3 from the THz (FIR) range to the ν1 fundamental at high resolution (δ[small nu, Greek, tilde] < 0.001 cm-1 or otherwise Doppler limited) on the basis of FTIR spectra taken both with ordinary light sources and with the synchrotron radiation from the Swiss Light Source. Several vibrational levels are accurately determined including, in particular, the 2ν4 CH-bending overtone and the ν1 CH-stretching fundamental of 13CHF3. Comparison of experimental results with those from accurate full dimensional vibrational calculations allows for a study of the time-dependent quantum dynamics of intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR) in the CH chromophore both on short time scales (fs) and longer time scales (ps) when coupling to the lower frequency modes becomes important and where the 12C/13C isotope effects are very large.

CXCL5 Plays a Promoting Role in Osteosarcoma Cell Migration and Invasion in Autocrine- and Paracrine-Dependent Manners.

CXCL5, a CXC-type chemokine, is an important attractant for granulocytic immune cells by binding to its receptor CXCR2. Recently, CXCL5/CXCR2 has been found to play an oncogenic role in many human cancers. However, the exact role of CXCL5 in osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion has not been revealed. Here we found that the protein expression of CXCL5 was significantly increased in osteosarcoma tissues compared with that in matched adjacent nontumor tissues. Moreover, the expression of CXCL5 was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage and metastasis. Further investigation showed that the CXCL5 expression levels were also significantly increased in osteosarcoma cell lines, including Saos-2, MG63, U2OS, and SW1353, when compared with those in normal osteoblast hFoB1.19 cells. U2OS cells were further transfected with CXCL5-specific siRNA or overexpression plasmid. Knockdown of CXCL5 significantly suppressed U2OS cell migration and invasion. On the contrary, overexpression of CXLC5 remarkably promoted the migration and invasion of U2OS cells. Interestingly, both exogenous CXCL5 treatment and the conditioned medium of CXCL5-overexpressing hFoB1.19 cells could also enhance the migration and invasion of U2OS cells, suggesting that the promoting role of CXCL5 in U2OS cell migration and invasion is also in a paracrine-dependent manner. According to these data, our study demonstrates that CXCL5 is upregulated in osteosarcoma and may play an oncogenic role in osteosarcoma metastasis. Therefore, CXCL5 may become a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma treatment.

Synchrotron-Based Highest Resolution Terahertz Spectroscopy of the ν24 Band System of 1,2-Dithiine (C4H4S2): A Candidate for Measuring the Parity Violating Energy Difference between Enantiomers of Chiral Molecules.

The chiral C2 symmetric molecule 1,2-dithiine (1,2-dithia-3,5-hexadiene, C4H4S2) has been identified as a possible candidate for measuring the parity violating energy difference between enantiomers. We report here the observation and analysis of the low-frequency fundamental ν24 using highest resolution synchrotron-based interferometric Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in the terahertz range with a band center of ν0 = 6.95375559 THz (ν̃0 = 231.952319 (10) cm-1) and two related hot bands, the (ν13 + ν24) ← ν13 band at ν0 = 6.97256882 THz (ν̃0 = 232.579861 (33) cm-1) and the 2ν24 ← ν24 band at ν0 = 7.01400434 THz (ν̃0 = 233.962001 (14) cm-1). This success in the difficult analyses of the THz spectrum of a complex chiral molecule of importance for fundamental tests on molecular parity violation is enabled by the ideal setup of an FTIR experiment of currently unique resolution with the very stable and bright synchrotron radiation at the Swiss Light Source (SLS).

Inhibition of inflammatory mediator release from microglia can treat ischemic/hypoxic brain injury.

Interleukin-1α and interleukin-1ß aggravate neuronal injury by mediating the inflammatory reaction following ischemic/hypoxic brain injury. It remains unclear whether interleukin-1α and interleukin-1ß are released by microglia or astrocytes. This study prepared hippocampal slices that were subsequently subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation. Hematoxylin-eosin staining verified that neurons exhibited hypoxic changes. Results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay found that interleukin-1α and interleukin-1ß participated in this hypoxic process. Moreover, when hypoxic injury occurred in the hippocampus, the release of interleukin-1α and interleukin-1ß was mediated by the P2X4 receptor and P2X7 receptor. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that during ischemia/hypoxia, the P2X4 receptor, P2X7 receptor, interleukin-1α and interleukin-1ß expression was detectable in rat hippocampal microglia, but only P2X4 receptor and P2X7 receptor expression was detected in astrocytes. Results suggested that the P2X4 receptor and P2X7 receptor, respectively, mediated interleukin-1α and interleukin-1ß released by microglia, resulting in hippocampal ischemic/hypoxic injury. Astrocytes were activated, but did not synthesize or release interleukin-1α and interleukin-1ß.

Synchrotron-based far infrared study of the rotation-vibration-inversion spectrum of silacyclobutane below 500 cm(-1): the ν29 and ν30 bands.

Fourier transform spectra of the four-membered heterocycle silacyclobutane (c-C3H8Si) were recorded in the far infrared region from 100 to 500 cm(-1) with a maximum resolution of 0.000959 cm(-1) using synchrotron radiation from the Canadian Light Source. The two fundamental bands observed in this region correspond to motions best described as the out-of-plane modes related to ring puckering (ν30) at ~158 cm(-1) and SiH2 rocking (ν29) at ~410 cm(-1). Both bands exhibit complex, dense spectral patterns that arise from ring inversion tunneling of the puckered SCB ring through a planar (C(2v)) intermediate configuration. Analysis of these patterns revealed rotation-vibration transitions between states of the same inversion symmetry as well as rotation-vibration-inversion transitions that connect states of different inversion symmetry. Infrared ground state combination differences from 1871 pairs of P and R branch transitions were used to accurately determine the spectroscopic parameters for the tunneling-doubled ground state based on a broad range of quantum levels. With the ground state energy levels well-determined, 8255 infrared transitions were assigned and analyzed to derive the band centers, rotational and centrifugal distortion constants for the inversion split ν29 and ν30 vibrational states. Comparison with the band centers predicted via DFT (B3LYP) and MP2 calculations [6-311++G(2d,2p)] suggests that anharmonic corrections found via perturbation theory typically agree within 2% when compared with the observed spectrum of SCB.

Synchrotron-based far-infrared spectroscopic investigation and ab initio calculations of 3-oxetanone: observation and analysis of the ν7 band and the Coriolis coupled ν16 and ν20 bands.

Rotationally resolved vibrational spectra of the four-membered heterocycle 3-oxetanone (c-C(3)H(4)O(2)) have been investigated in the 360-720 cm(-1) region with a resolution of 0.000 959 cm(-1) using synchrotron radiation from the Canadian Light Source. The observed bands correspond to motions best described as C═O deformation out-of-plane (ν(20)) at 399.6 cm(-1), C═O deformation in-plane (ν(16)) at 448.2 cm(-1), and the ring deformation (ν(7)) at 685.0 cm(-1). Infrared ground state combination differences along with previously reported pure rotational transitions were used to obtain the ground state spectroscopic parameters. Band centers, rotational and centrifugal distortion constants for the ν(7), ν(16), and ν(20) vibrational excited states were accurately determined by fitting a total of 10,319 assigned rovibrational transitions in a global analysis. The two adjacent carbonyl deformation bands, ν(16) and ν(20), were found to be mutually perturbed through a first-order a-type Coriolis interaction which was accounted for in the multiband analysis. The band centers agree within 3% of the ab initio estimates using DFT theory.

Pure rotational spectrum and ring inversion tunnelling of silacyclobutane.

The ground state pure rotational spectrum of silacyclobutane (SCB) (c-SiH(2)C(3)H(6)) has been investigated using both Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) and chirped pulse Fourier transform microwave (cp-FTMW) spectroscopies. Spectra of the (13)C, (29)Si, and (30)Si singly substituted isotopologues, in natural abundance, were recorded in the 6-24 GHz region along with those of the normal species. The ring inversion tunnelling splitting in the ground vibrational state was resolved and analyzed to determine the energy splitting of the two states: 75.7260(19) MHz. Structural analysis based on heavy atom substitution provided accurate geometric parameters including the bond lengths, bond angles, and ring puckering angle of the SCB ring backbone.