Quantum chemical and experimental evaluation of the inhibitory action of two imidazole derivatives on mild steel corrosion in sulphuric acid medium.

The adsorption and corrosion inhibition properties of two imidazole derivatives namely, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole (IM-Cl) and 1,4,5-triphenyl-2-(p-tolyl)-1H-imidazole (IM-CH3) for mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution are studiedby electrochemical and computational calculations. The results obtained from the electrochemical methods show that IM-Cl and IM-CH3imparted high resistance and behave as mixed type inhibitors. Inhibition efficiency (IE %) increases with the increase of inhibitors concentration to attain 96 % and 91% at 10-3 M of IM-Cl and IM-CH3 respectively. EISdatais analyzed to model the inhibition process through appropriate equivalent circuit model. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters controlling the adsorption process are calculated and discussed. DFT calculations are carried out at the B3LYP levels of theory with 6-31G (d,p) basis stein gas and aqueous phase for neutral and protonated forms. Quantum chemical calculations section of the study provides enough calculation and discussion on the relationship between corrosion inhibition and global reactivity descriptors.

Population structure of modern-day Italians reveals patterns of ancient and archaic ancestries in Southern Europe.

European populations display low genetic differentiation as the result of long-term blending of their ancient founding ancestries. However, it is unclear how the combination of ancient ancestries related to early foragers, Neolithic farmers, and Bronze Age nomadic pastoralists can explain the distribution of genetic variation across Europe. Populations in natural crossroads like the Italian peninsula are expected to recapitulate the continental diversity, but have been systematically understudied. Here, we characterize the ancestry profiles of Italian populations using a genome-wide dataset representative of modern and ancient samples from across Italy, Europe, and the rest of the world. Italian genomes capture several ancient signatures, including a non-steppe contribution derived ultimately from the Caucasus. Differences in ancestry composition, as the result of migration and admixture, have generated in Italy the largest degree of population structure detected so far in the continent, as well as shaping the amount of Neanderthal DNA in modern-day populations.

[Prenatal care in the city of Marrakech]. / Soins prénatals dans la ville de Marrakech.

The data reported here come from a survey conducted in 2008, in direct interviews, according to a standard questionnaire, of 1712 women visiting 15 health centers in Marrakech. We selected 1202 women who gave birth during the past five years to examine the impact of socioeconomic and biodemographic determinants on access to prenatal care in this city. We also identified 309 women in our sample who were pregnant during the survey and studied the quality and content of their prenatal care. Around 90% of pregnant women consulted at least once during pregnancy. These results indicate that women in Marrakesh use prenatal care at higher rates than the national and regional population. This is likely to be explained by the large number of public health centers relatively well distributed throughout the city of Marrakech, although periurban areas are much less well endowed. Our analysis nonetheless indicates that 10% of the women in Marrakech do not consult at any time during pregnancy, although free care is provided in public health centers and outreach programs of the Department of Health encourage women to be monitored. Multiple sociocultural, socioeconomic, and biodemographic factors promote recourse to prenatal care. The most vulnerable pregnant women, that is, multiparous women living in periurban areas, the less educated women, and women of rural origin, are also those the least monitored. Most of the obstacles raised by the interviewees are maternal barriers, that is, related to the women themselves. These include indifference, recklessness, and ignorance of the risks: these barriers are related to maternal illiteracy and to a failure to understand the importance of medical surveillance.

Influencia de la migración en el estado nutricional y comportamiento alimentario de adolescentes marroquíes residentes en Madrid (España) / Influence of migration on nutritional status and dietary behavior

Introducción: Los procesos migratorios se asocian a modificaciones en los hábitos alimentarios que influyen en el estado nutricional de los individuos. Estos cambios pueden tener diferentes consecuencias en función de las circunstancias y los condicionantes socioculturales sobretodo en el caso de niños y adolescentes que aún no han concluido su etapa de crecimiento y desarrollo. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los cambios en los hábitos alimentarios asociados a la migración en una muestra de adolescentes de origen marroquí residentes en Madrid, comparando los indicadores antropométricos de su estado nutricional con otra muestra de adolescentes residentes en Ouarzazate, Marruecos. Material y Métodos: La muestra marroquí fue recogida en 2007 está formada por 327 adolescentes(135 varones y 192 mujeres) entre los 15 y 19 (..) (AU)

Introduction: Migration processes are associated with changes in dietary patterns that influence the nutritional status of individuals. These changes may have different consequences depending on the circumstances and sociocultural conditions, especially in the case of children and adolescents who have not completed their period of growth and development. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze changes in dietary patterns associated with migration ina sample of adolescents of Moroccan origin living in Madrid, comparing anthropometric indicators of nutritional status with another sample of adolescents residing in Ouarzazate, Morocco. Material and Methods: The Moroccan sample was collected in 2007 and is composed by 327 adolescents (..) (AU)

Transición Nutricional en España durante la historia reciente / Nutritional Transition in Spain during recent history

España es un buen ejemplo para ilustrar el efecto de la Transición Nutricional ya que ha experimentado cambios sociales y económicos muy rápidos durante el siglo XX. En este artículo se debaten la evolución del comportamiento alimentario y las variaciones en el consumo energético y el perfil de la dieta. Con posterioridad, se analiza la repercusión de dicho proceso sobre la biología y la salud de los españoles, haciendo especial énfasis en el incremento secular de la estatura y en el aumento de la obesidad y las patologías cardiovasculares (AU)

Spain is a good example to illustrate the effect of the Nutrition Transition, because it is a country that has experimented very fast social and economic changes during the twentieth century. This paper discusses the evolution of eating behaviour and variations in energy intake and diet profile. Subsequently, we analyse the impact of this process, on the biology and health of the Spanish population, with special emphasis on the secular trend of height and the increase of obesity and cardiovascular diseases (AU)

Augmentation of bone tunnel healing in anterior cruciate ligament grafts: application of calcium phosphates and other materials.

Bone tunnel healing is an important consideration after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) replacement surgery. Recently, a variety of materials have been proposed for improving this healing process, including autologous bone tissue, cells, artificial proteins, and calcium salts. Amongst these materials are calcium phosphates (CaPs), which are known for their biocompatibility and are widely commercially available. As with the majority of the materials investigated, CaPs have been shown to advance the healing of bone tunnel tissue in animal studies. Mechanical testing shows fixation strengths to be improved, particularly by the application of CaP-based cement in the bone tunnel. Significantly, CaP-based cements have been shown to produce improvements comparable to those induced by potentially more complex treatments such as biologics (including fibronectin and chitin) and cultured cells. Further investigation of CaP-based treatment in the bone tunnels during ACL replacement is therefore warranted in order to establish what improvements in healing and resulting clinical benefits may be achieved through its application.

The complex and diversified mitochondrial gene pool of Berber populations.

The mitochondrial DNA variation of 295 Berber-speakers from Morocco (Asni, Bouhria and Figuig) and the Egyptian oasis of Siwa was evaluated by sequencing a portion of the control region (including HVS-I and part of HVS-II) and surveying haplogroup-specific coding region markers. Our findings show that the Berber mitochondrial pool is characterized by an overall high frequency of Western Eurasian haplogroups, a somehow lower frequency of sub-Saharan L lineages, and a significant (but differential) presence of North African haplogroups U6 and M1, thus occupying an intermediate position between European and sub-Saharan populations in PCA analysis. A clear and significant genetic differentiation between the Berbers from Maghreb and Egyptian Berbers was also observed. The first are related to European populations as shown by haplogroup H1 and V frequencies, whereas the latter share more affinities with East African and Nile Valley populations as indicated by the high frequency of M1 and the presence of L0a1, L3i, L4*, and L4b2 lineages. Moreover, haplogroup U6 was not observed in Siwa. We conclude that the origins and maternal diversity of Berber populations are old and complex, and these communities bear genetic characteristics resulting from various events of gene flow with surrounding and migrating populations.

Obesity, overweight and body-weight perception in a High Atlas Moroccan population.

In order to study the prevalence of obesity and overweight and to understand how the human body is perceived among Moroccan mountain populations, we carried out a survey that covered a sample of 436 Amazigh individuals aged 20 years and more from the High Moroccan Atlas. Through this survey, we noticed that obesity is still low among men (2.4%), whereas the prevalence of obesity among women is alarming and reaches 13.3%. The prevalence of overweight is also high, especially among women, with 32.8% vs. 21.8% among men. Obesity prevalence, especially overweight, is higher than that recorded in the national rural level. The high prevalence of overweight that can develop to obesity should be taken into account mainly when dealing with women that still value overweight. In fact, women in our sample underestimate their overweight more than men and wish to have a heavier body.

[Milk of calcium in a renal cyst: a case report]. / Lait calcique intra-kystique du rein: à propos d'un cas.

Milk of calcium in a renal cyst is a rare condition. The authors report a case evaluated by ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A 58 year - old women presented with diffuse abdominal pain. Ultrasonography showed a left upper pole cystic lesion with echogenic component in the dependent portion causing shadowing. CT showed a cyst with layering milk of calcium. On MRI, the milk of calcium sediment had low signal intensity on T1 and T2 weighted images.

[Patent omphalomesenteric duct (a case report)]. / Fistule omphalo-mésentérique (à propos d'un cas).

PURPOSE: To report a rare case of patent omphalo-mesenteric duct and discuss the pathogenesis, clinical and radiological findings of this pathology. CASE REPORT: A two-month-old infant presented with umbilical liquid production since birth. Local examination showed an inflammatory umbilical tumefaction. Catheterization and injection of contrast material through the canal evidenced a communication with the gut, consistent with a patent omphalo-mesenteric duct. DISCUSSION: Persistent omphalo-mesenteric duct is a rare affection. Diagnostis is based on clinical and radiological findings. Clinical findings may be atypical in some cases. Complications are severe and include prolapsus, occlusion, ulcus, haemorrhage and perforation. CONCLUSION: Diagnostis of patent omphalo-mesenteric duct must be precocious to avoid complications.

[Hydatid disease of the urinary bladder: a case report]. / Kyste hydatique de la vessie. A propos d'un cas.

All organs in the human body may be affected by hydatid disease. Urinary tract involvement in hydatid disease is not common, corresponding to only 2-4% of cases. The kidneys are the most commonly affected organs in the urinary tract. We report a case of hydatid cyst of the urinary bladder.

[Pneumoblastoma in an adult: a case report]. / Pneumoblastome chez l'adulte: cas clinique.

Pneumoblastoma of the adult is rare. It presents more often as a large heterogenous and peripheral parenchymal mass. In this case, chest radiographs showed a small homogeneous mass in the right lung apex. The solid nature but non-specific appearance of the mass was confirmed at CT. The histological diagnosis was obtained from surgical biopsy. The interest of this observation is the rare occurrence of the lesion in adults and the atypical imaging features in this patient.

[Synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives by amino acid action on ortho-phenylenediamine, variously substituted in positions 4 and 5]. / Synthèse de dérivés du benzimidazole par action des aminoacides sur l'orthophénylènediamine différemment substitué en positions 4 et 5.

As part of the synthesis of the benzimidazole derivative heterocyclique system, we are interested in studying the condensation of the o-phenylenediamines with amino-acids such as aspartic acid, serine and histidine. The interest that these present is based mainly on their pharmacological properties. They have, in fact anti-inflammatory, antidepressive, antibacterial and antihistamine properties. On the other hand, it should be noted that 5,6-dimethyl-1-(alpha-D-ribofuranosyl) benzimidazole constitutes part of vitamin B12. Taken together, these results led us to pursue our research in this domain while focusing on new methods of benzimidazolic derivative synthesis. It should be said that the obtaining of these compounds depends on the quantity of the amino-acid. All synthesized products have been characterized by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry.

[Rare cases of bladder tumors]. / A propos de cas rares de tumeurs de vessie.

Among epithelial tumors, squamous cell carcinomas represent only 3 to 7% of the cases in the temperate countries, but constitute the most frequent histologic kind in bilharzien endemic zones and 17% of intradiverticulars tumors. The adenocarcinoma is found most often in the bladder dome, representing only 0.3 to 3% of all bladder tumors. Invasive cancer in a neighboring organ (digestive tract, genital organs) must be eliminated. In most cases, combining ultrasonography and intravenous urography can be helpful for diagnosis of intradiverticular carcinoma or bladder dome tumor. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance images are the best methods for positive diagnosis and extension exploration for tumors of the dome and base of the bladder. In this work, we report a series of five cases of uncommon bladder carcinoma. Three of the cases were intradiverticular squamous cell tumors and two were adenocarcinoma of the bladder dome.

[Spontaneous cutaneous cysto-hepato-bronchial fistula caused by a hydatid cyst. Apropos of a case]. / Fistule cutanéo-kysto-hépato-bronchique spontanée d'origine hydatique. A propos d'un cas.

We report a case liver hydatid cyst which fistulized simultaneously and spontaneously to the skin and in the bronchia observed in a 70-years-old woman. Outcome was favorable after surgical intervention. It is an extremely rare and original case.

High-grade dysplasia in an adenoma of the upper esophagus developing on heterotopic gastric mucosa.

Patches of hererotopic gastric mucosa located in the upper esophagus are a frequent finding at endoscopy. These lesions are thought to be of congenital origin and of low malignant potential. However, several cases of adenocarcinoma developing on inlet patches have recently been described. We report here a new case of adenoma that had developed on heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus, associated with an area of high-grade dysplasia. This polyp was removed surgically under endoscopic guidance, after confirmation of the superficial pattern of the lesion by endoscopic ultrasonography. This report emphasizes the malignant potential of esophageal inlet patches of heterotopic gastric mucosa.

[False aneurysm of the abdominal aorta of hydatid origin]. / Faux anévrysme de l'aorte abdominale d'origine hydatique.

The rupture of hydatid cysts into the abdominal aorta is an exceptional and serious complication of the hydatid disease. We report a case of hydatid false-aneurysm of the abdominal aorta, explored by US Doppler, C.T. and arteriography.

Fertile changes.

PIP: In Morocco, fertility levels have dropped in the past 30 years, and women have found that freedom from perpetual child-bearing has allowed them to make various contributions to society. One of the first Moroccan women elected to parliament noted that family planning best succeeds when it is the result of informed, personal choice enabled by education. A woman who is a prominent journalist noted that the availability of oral contraceptives has contributed to the emancipation of Moroccan women. A female television personality decried currently available television health messages, yet found cause for optimism in the receptiveness of Moroccan society to properly presented television messages. A woman who is a singer as well as a clinical psychologist found that birth control has made women more fulfilled, more independent, and has freed them of the aging which occurs with continual child-bearing. Another female journalist found that the Moroccan women who have been able to overcome social pressure to view themselves primarily as child-bearers attribute the advent of birth control to their liberation. Not only can they pursue careers, they can expend more energy on each of their children and assume equal position with the men in their lives. Finally, a female film maker asserted that birth control has enhanced life for women, who now have choices; children, who benefit from being wanted; and men, who are relieved of the burden of providing for large families.^ieng