Treatment withdrawal experiences of women with breast cancer: A phenomenological study.

AIM: To obtain an in-depth understanding of the lived experiences, values, and beliefs of Taiwanese women with breast cancer who withdrew from cancer treatment. BACKGROUND: Fear of side effects, negative experiences and personal beliefs were identified as reasons for withdrawing from cancer treatments. Body-mind consciousness and body autonomy play a crucial role in cancer treatment decisions. DESIGN: Descriptive phenomenological approach. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured, face-to-face and in-depth interviews with 16 women diagnosed with breast cancer. Participants were purposefully selected from the Cancer Registry database. Employing a phenomenological approach, our aim was to explore the lived experiences of these individuals. Data analysis followed Giorgi's five-step process. To ensure a comprehensive report the COREQ checklist was applied. FINDINGS: 'The Determination to Preserve Me' is the essence of treatment withdrawal, identified by three themes and seven sub-themes. 'Raising Body-Mind Consciousness' was generated using body autonomy and preventing repeated psychological trauma from the participant's view. Their lifestyles, maintaining the family role, and returning to a normal trajectory help develop 'Maintaining Stability for Being a Patient and a Family Carer'. 'Self-Defending Against the Body Harm' was generated by concerns about maintaining health and preventing harm. CONCLUSION: Women's behaviours became transformed by suffering. Actions were influenced by physical and psychological distress, misconceptions about treatments, and appearance changes by self-determination through self-protection. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Healthcare professionals should respect women's autonomy and work collaboratively to ensure their decision-making with accurate information and awareness of the potential risks and benefits of treatment withdrawal need to concern.

A modified cardiac triage strategy reduces door to ECG time in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction.

Timely performing electrocardiography (ECG) is crucial for early detection of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). For shortening door-to-ECG time, a chief complaint-based "cardiac triage" protocol comprising (1) raising alert among medical staff with bedside triage tags, and (2) immediate bedside ECG after focused history-taking was implemented at the emergency department (ED) in a single tertiary referral center. All patients diagnosed with STEMI visiting the ED between November 2017 and January 2020 were retrospectively reviewed to investigate the effectiveness of strategy before and after implantation. Analysis of a total of 117 ED patients with STEMI (pre-intervention group, n = 57; post-intervention group, n = 60) showed significant overall improvements in median door-to-ECG time from 5 to 4 min (p = 0.02), achievement rate of door-to-ECG time < 10 min from 45 to 57% (p = 0.01), median door-to-balloon time from 81 to 70 min (p < 0.01). Significant trends of increase in achievement rates for door-to-ECG and door-to-balloon times (p = 0.032 and p = 0.002, respectively) was noted after strategy implementation. The incidences of door-to-ECG time > 10 min for those with initially underestimated disease severity (from 90 to 10%, p < 0.01) and walk-in (from 29.2 to 8.8%, p = 0.04) were both reduced. In conclusion, a chief complaint-based "cardiac triage" strategy successfully improved the quality of emergency care for STEMI patients through reducing delays in diagnosis and treatment.

A Decade of Changes in Family Caregivers' Preferences for Life-Sustaining Treatments for Terminally Ill Cancer Patients at End of Life in the Context of a Family-Oriented Society.

CONTEXT: Temporal changes in different family caregiver cohorts' preferences for life-sustaining treatments (LSTs) at end of life (EOL) have not been examined nor have the concept of whether caregivers' LST preferences represent a homogeneous or heterogeneous construct. Furthermore, LST preferences are frequently assessed from multiple treatments, making clinical applications difficult/infeasible. OBJECTIVES: To identify parsimonious patterns and changes in the pattern of LST preferences for two independent cohorts of family caregivers for terminally ill Taiwanese cancer patients. METHODS: Preferences for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, intensive care unit care, cardiac massage, intubation with mechanical ventilation, intravenous nutritional support, tube feeding, and dialysis were assessed among 1617 and 2056 family caregivers in 2003-2004 and 2011-2012, respectively. Patterns and changes in LST preferences were examined by multigroup latent class analysis. RESULTS: Five distinct classes were identified: uniformly preferring, uniformly rejecting, uniformly uncertain, and favoring nutritional support but rejecting or uncertain about other treatments. Class probability significantly decreased from 29.3% to 23.7% for the uniformly rejecting class, remained largely unchanged for the uniformly preferring (16.9%-18.6%), and favoring nutritional support but rejecting (37.1%-37.5%) or uncertain about other treatments (8.0%-10.4%) classes, but significantly increased from 7.0% to 11.5% for the uniformly uncertain class over time. CONCLUSION: Family caregivers' LST preferences for terminally ill cancer patients are a heterogeneous construct and shifted from uniformly rejecting all LSTs toward greater uncertainty. Surrogate EOL-care decision making may be facilitated by earlier and thorough assessments of caregivers' LST preferences and tailoring interventions to the unique needs of caregivers in each class identified in this study.

Risk Factors and Coping Style Affect Health Outcomes in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: Most psychosocial interventions among individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) target depressive symptoms (DSs) rather than causal antecedents that lead to DSs or affect health-related quality of life (HrQoL). This research investigated a conceptual model of the effects of risk factors and coping styles on HrQoL and DSs in patients with T2DM. METHOD: A descriptive, correlational design was used with a convenience sample of 241 adults with T2DM aged ≥ 20 years recruited from a hospital metabolic outpatient department. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the modified Ways of Coping Checklist, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the Short Form 36 Health Survey, and physiological examination. HbA1C was collected from participants' medical records. Structural equation modeling techniques were used to analyze relationships among risk factors, mediators, and HrQoL. RESULTS: Younger age, more education, and longer duration of diabetes predicted better physical quality of life. Duration of diabetes and three coping styles predicted DSs. Longer duration of diabetes and lower fasting glucose predicted better mental quality of life. Three coping styles acted as mediators between risk factors and health, that is, active and minimizing styles promoted positive outcomes, while avoidance promoted negative outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This integrated model provides a holistic picture of how risk factors and coping style influence HrQoL and DSs in individuals with T2DM. Nurses could use active coping strategies in cognitive behavioral therapy to enhance glycemic control in patients with T2DM.

[A Delphi Method Survey of the Core Competences of Post-Acute-Care Nurses in Caring for Acute Stroke Patients].

BACKGROUND: Post-acute care (PAC) service is becoming increasingly important in Taiwan as a core focus of government policies that are designed to ensure continuity of care. PURPOSE: In order to improve PAC nursing education and quality of care, the present study applies a modified Delphi method to identify the core competences of nurses who provide PAC services to acute stroke patients. METHODS: We surveyed 18 experts in post-acute care and long-term care anonymously using a 29-question questionnaire in order to identify the essential professional skills that are required to perform PAC effectively. The results of this survey indicate that the core competences of PAC may be divided into two categories: Case Management and Care Management. Case Management includes Direct Care, Communication, Health Care Education, Nursing Consulting, and Family Assessment & Health Care. Care Management includes Interdisciplinary Teamwork, Patient Care Management, and Resource Integration. The importance and practicality of each item was evaluated using a 7-point Likert scale. RESULTS: The experts required 2 rounds to reach a consensus about the importance and 3 rounds to determine the practicality of PAC core competences. This process highlighted the differing points of view that are held by professionals in the realms of nursing, medicine, and national health policy. CONCLUSIONS / IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The PAC in-job training program in its current form inadequately cul-tivates core competence in Care Management. The results of the present study may be used to inform the development of PAC nurse orientation training programs and continuing education courses.

Single incision transumbilical laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass-our technique.

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is considered the gold standard procedure in bariatric surgery but requires 4-7 ports. We have reported the first single incision transumbilical Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (SITU-RYGB) in 2009 (Huang et al. Obes Surg 19:1711-1715, 2009). Over the years, we have standardized our procedure and this video highlights the same by showing both inside and outside views. This video was shot from outside as well to give better understanding of the procedure. A 4.5-cm incision was made according to the contour of umbilicus and space was created over the sheath to give more range of movement to the instruments. The procedure was carried out using conventional laparoscopic instruments and replicating all the steps of the procedure under adequate visualization. Picture-in-picture effect has been used at important steps. Findings were recorded. The procedure took 96 min without any intraoperative complication. Blood loss was 20 cc. The incision was hardly noticeable at the end of the procedure. We have previously compared our results of SITU-RYGB with that of our multiport RYGB where operative time was longer for SITU-RYGB versus multiport technique (101.1 vs. 81.1 min, P = 0.001) (Huang et al. Surg Obes Relat Dis 8:201-207, 2012). No difference in complications was observed. The SITU-LRYGB patients reported greater satisfaction related to scarring than those who had undergone five-port surgery (P = 0.005). Difference in analgesia requirement was not statistically significant. There was no mortality. Compared with conventional LRYGB, SITU-RYGB resulted in acceptable complications, the same recovery, comparative weight loss, and better patient satisfaction related to scarring.

Routine depression screening and diagnosing strategy for cancer inpatients.

BACKGROUND: Clinical practice guidelines frequently recommend systematic screening for depression in cancer patients to improve recognition and prompt appropriate management. We aimed to screen major depressive disorder (MDD) in cancer inpatients using a structured tool and explore its applicability. METHODS: Cancer inpatients were routinely screened by nurses using the Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire (TDQ), and for those screened positive, this was followed by a non-mandated referral to a psychiatrist for clinical evaluation and diagnosis. Patients who completed this two-stage procedure comprised the analysis sample. RESULTS: Routine screening of 8800 patients in a period of 27 months yielded 1087 (26.9%) positive first-time screens. Of them, 298 (27.4%) completed the psychiatric consultation. Depressive disorders were diagnosed in 185 patients (62.1%), mainly adjustment disorder (23.8%) and MDD (21.5%). The estimated prevalence of MDD was 21.5%. Area under the curve was 0.72, a result produced by the receiver operating characteristic curve of the TDQ scores relative to the clinical psychiatric diagnoses of MDD. A TDQ cutoff score of ≧26 provided an optimal diagnostic accuracy for MDD. CONCLUSIONS: This two-stage depression screening and diagnosing strategy is practical for improving recognition of MDD and other depressive disorders in cancer patients and could be routinely applied, rather than selectively, in a comprehensive cancer care system.

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banded plication: evolution of procedure and 2-year results.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banded plication (LAGBP) is a new restrictive bariatric procedure combining adjustable banding and greater curvature plication of the stomach. This study aimed to report the evolution of this surgical technique and analyze the surgical results. METHODS: Eighty patients who underwent LAGBP were enrolled in this study. The band-first technique was used in 50 patients from May 2009 to June 2011 and was then changed to the plication-first technique from July 2011 to October 2011. Patients' demographics and pre- and postoperative data, including complications and weight loss, were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Eighty patients (26 men and 54 women) with a mean age of 30.75 ± 8.68 years and a mean body mass index of 38.05 ± 4.73 kg/m2 were evaluated with a mean follow-up of 10.52 (1-24) months. The average operation duration and hospital stay were 92.85 ± 35.86 min and 1.73 ± 1.04 days, respectively. No intraoperative complications or surgical mortality was observed in this series. Four (8%) postoperative complications occurred with the band-first technique and one (3%) with the plication-first technique. Mean excess weight loss (percentage) at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months were 42.59 ± 13.67, 56.38 ± 19.89, 57.59 ± 19.88, and 65.84 ± 17.36%, respectively. The frequency of band adjustment was 2.44 ± 2.21 times in 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: In this present 2-year result, LAGBP using plication-first technique revealed fewer complications and good weight loss. Longer follow-up is still necessary to be accepted as a stand-alone bariatric procedure.

Psychiatric disorders of patients seeking obesity treatment.

BACKGROUND: Obese and overweight people have a higher risk of both chronic physical illness and mental illness. Obesity is reported to be positively associated with psychiatric disorders, especially in people who seek obesity treatment. At the same time, obesity treatment may be influenced by psychological factors or personality characteristics. This study aimed to understand the prevalence of mental disorders among ethnic Chinese who sought obesity treatment. METHODS: Subjects were retrospectively recruited from an obesity treatment center in Taiwan. The obesity treatments included bariatric surgery and non-surgery treatment. All subjects underwent a standardized clinical evaluation with two questionnaires and a psychiatric referral when needed. The psychiatric diagnosis was made thorough psychiatric clinic interviews using the SCID. A total of 841 patients were recruited. We compared the difference in psychiatric disorder prevalence between patients with surgical and non-surgical treatment. RESULTS: Of the 841 patients, 42% had at least one psychiatric disorder. Mood disorders, anxiety disorders and eating disorders were the most prevalent categories of psychiatric disorders. Females had more mood disorders and eating disorders than males. The surgical group had more binge-eating disorder, adjustment disorder, and sleep disorders than the non-surgical group. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of psychiatric disorders was found among ethnic Chinese seeking obesity treatment. This is consistent with study results in the US and Europe.

Exploring the association between nurse workload and nurse-sensitive patient safety outcome indicators.

BACKGROUND: Nurses affect patient safety. Although studies have associated patient safety with nurse staffing levels, Taiwan's Department of Health does not yet support changing nurse workforce standards for medical institutions. PURPOSE: This study was designed to gain insight into the workload of nurses employed at medical institutions and to determine the relationship between nurse workload and nurse-sensitive patient safety outcome indicators. METHODS: This study adopted a cross-sectional quantitative method and collected data using a self-designed logbook. The study population comprised nurses from acute medical institutions, including medical centers and regional and district hospitals. One thousand five hundred logbooks were distributed to participants selected by random sampling from 21 city/county nursing associations across Taiwan. One thousand three hundred seventy-three questionnaires were retrieved; the 1,358 valid responses yielded a valid response rate of 90.5%. Nurses used the logbook to record individual working conditions for 2 weeks. Descriptive statistics included mean values, standard deviations, and percentages; inferential statistics included the Spearman rho correlation and odds ratios. RESULTS: Nurse overtime working hours were positively associated with the following nurse-sensitive patient safety outcome indicators: patient falls, decubitus/pressure ulcers, near errors in medication, medication errors, unplanned extubation, hospital-acquired pneumonia, and hospital-acquired urinary tract infections; risks of patient falls, decubitus/pressure ulcers, unplanned extubation, hospital-acquired pneumonia, and hospital-acquired urinary tract infections significantly increased when the patient-nurse ratio exceeded 7:1. CONCLUSION: Nurse workforce and nurse-sensitive patient outcome indicators are positively correlated. The results of this study will help professional nursing groups define suitable nursing workforce standards for medical institutions.

Depression, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and quality of life in Taiwanese adults from a cardiovascular department of a major hospital in Southern Taiwan.

AIMS: To examine the relationships between depression, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and quality of life in Taiwanese adults from a cardiovascular department of a major hospital in Taiwan. BACKGROUND: Research suggests associations between depression, metabolic syndrome and quality of life. Despite this fact, few studies have investigated these relationships among Taiwanese. DESIGN: A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was used to conduct this study. METHODS: A convenience sample of 140 adults participated in the study. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlations, hierarchical regression and t-tests. RESULTS: Almost a half of the subjects (46.5%) had metabolic syndrome. The most common combination of metabolic syndrome criteria was elevated blood glucose, central obesity and high blood pressure (23.7%). A greater number of individuals had coronary artery disease (72.9%), type 2 diabetes (35%) and/or depression (21.4%). Type 2 diabetes and depression were significant predictors of overall quality of life (ß = -0.16, p < 0.01 and ß = -0.63, p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, there were significant differences between individuals with and without type 2 diabetes and/or depression regarding overall quality of life scores; t (138) = 3.50, p < 0.01); and t (138) = 7.80, p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes and depression were common among our sample of individuals with metabolic syndrome. Those with diabetes and/or depression had worse quality of life than those without those diseases. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nurses need to be prepared to assess and intervene in preventing or treating depression among patients with chronic diseases, especially those with coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. When individuals are treated for depression, they are more likely to engage in self-management of their diseases, which will prevent complications and improve their quality of life.

Preliminary surgical results of single-incision transumbilical laparoscopic bariatric surgery.

BACKGROUND: Recently, single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) has been used for bariatric procedures, and this surgery is considered a type of minimally invasive surgery. When SILS is performed via the transumbilical route, the resultant abdominal wound is hidden and the cosmetic outcome is better. However, because of the small angle of manipulation and difficulty in liver traction, this technique is not used to perform complex bariatric surgery. In this prospective study, we used our novel technique, which involves the use of a liver-suspension tape and umbilicoplasty of an omega-shaped incision (omega umbilicoplasty), to perform laparoscopic bariatric surgery via the single-incision transumbilical (SITU) approach. We then assessed the safety and effectiveness of our surgical technique. METHODS: We started performing and developing this technique from December 2008. Until July 2009, 40 consecutive patients underwent 40 bariatric procedures: two adjustable gastric band placements, six sleeve gastrectomies, and 32 Roux-en-Y gastric bypass operations, including five cases where concomitant cholecystectomy was performed. RESULTS: The mean operation time was 93.4 min and the mean duration of postoperative hospitalization was 1.15 days. No perioperative or postoperative complications or deaths occurred. Most patients were very satisfied with the cosmetic outcomes. CONCLUSION: Our technique can be safely and effectively used for SITU laparoscopic bariatric surgery. This technique will soon be used for advanced abdominal surgeries besides bariatric ones.

[Nursing care for bariatric surgery patients].

The sedentary lifestyle, common to most modern societies, has turned obesity into an increasingly prevalent and universal problem. Obesity correlates positively with many diseases and health risk factors. Medical therapies currently used to treat obesity are generally limited in terms of long-term effectiveness. Bariatric surgery has been demonstrated an effective treatment for morbid obesity. Special nursing care considerations for bariatric surgery include providing wider cuffs for blood pressure checks, preventing deep venous thrombosis and post operation dietary education in order to accommodate changes in the gastrointestinal system. The purposes of this article were to introduce obesity therapy trends as well as to share nursing care principles for those undergoing bariatric surgery.

[Retrospective review and analysis of the results of taiwan nurses association nursing projects from 2004 to 2005].

Although a nursing project is one of the important N4 professional competence training courses in the clinical ladder system, little research on its effectiveness can be found. This study therefore aimed to analyze the demographics, hospital characteristics, scores, and pass rates for the Taiwan Nurses Association's 2004 to 2005 nursing projects and to compare the differences between them. The design was retrospective content analysis and the data sources were nursing project reviewer sheets from the years 2004 and 2005. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, such as number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Chi-square test, or Fisher exact test. We analyzed 1,062 nursing projects. Of these, 423 projects had third reviewers. After that, 2,547 reviewer sheets were used as final samples. The average project score was 59.7 points (SD = 9.3 points) and the majority of the projects were categorized as administrative and from medical centers, or private hospitals in northern areas of Taiwan. The pass rate was found to be higher in public hospitals, however, than in private hospitals. Almost all the projects (n = 2,515; 98.7%) included reviewers'comments. There was no significant difference between project pass rate and clinical specialty, scope, hospital location, and level of hospital accreditation (p > .05). A significant difference was found, however, between project scores and hospital characteristics (p = .01). These findings may serve as references in the development of future requirements for nursing projects in the clinical ladder system, to improve the quality and quantity of such projects.

Effectiveness of a nurse-led management programme for paediatric asthma in Taiwan.

AIM: The aim of this study was to carry out a preliminary analysis of the impact of a government-sponsored disease management programme for paediatric asthma on economic outcomes and patient satisfaction. METHODS: Of the 398 patients who participated in the programme, 249 (62.56%) who had at least two medical care encounters with an ICD-9 code of 493 were classified as 'already diagnosed cases'; and 129 (34.12%) who had a single or no medical care encounter with an ICD-9 code of 493 were classified as 'newly diagnosed cases'. A retrospective 1:4 (intervention vs. control group) matched cohort study design was conducted, with the control group randomly drawn from 236 637 paediatric asthmatics who were not enrolled the programme. Questionnaires were collected from 105 (26.3%) of the patients. RESULTS: Comparison results of 1 year pre/post tests of utilisation of health care resources indicated that the intervention group of already diagnosed cases had 77.97% fewer emergency department visits, 80.77% fewer inpatient visits, and 75.65% fewer stays of significant length. For the newly diagnosed group, the intervention group had 35.11% fewer emergency department visits than the control group. The majority of the patients had substantial adherence to physicians' suggestions, more accurate knowledge and better self-care skills concerning asthma. CONCLUSION: A nurse-led management programme has proved useful in managing paediatric asthma in Taiwan. Simplification of paperwork, some reorganisation of the practitioner's daily responsibilities and provision of a fail-safe information system may make the programme even more beneficial.