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1.
Ecotoxicology ; 33(7): 677-682, 2024 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38809386

ABSTRACT

Major tailings dam failures have occurred recently around the world and resulted in severe environmental impacts, such as metal contamination. Manganese is a metal highly associated with mining activities, largely detected in mining dam collapses. This metal is considered necessary for different organisms, but it can be toxic and cause oxidative stress and genetic damage in fishes. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of manganese on Astyanax lacustris, by exposing the fish individually to different concentrations of this metal (2.11, 5.00, and 10.43 mg/L) for 96 h. To assess the effects of manganese, we used biochemical biomarkers (glutathione S-transferase, catalase, and acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity) and the manganese bioaccumulation in different tissues (liver and gills). The obtained data showed that only at concentrations of 5.00 mg/L and 10.43 mg/L the activity of glutathione S-transferase differed significantly. Additionally, the acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain tissue was inhibited. The highest level of manganese bioaccumulation was observed in the liver and branchial tissue. Overall, we concluded that high concentrations of manganese may cause physiological changes in Astyanax lacustris.


Subject(s)
Bioaccumulation , Characidae , Manganese , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Animals , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism , Manganese/toxicity , Manganese/metabolism , Characidae/metabolism , Characidae/physiology , Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Liver/drug effects , Glutathione Transferase/metabolism , Gills/metabolism , Biomarkers/metabolism
2.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol ; 100: 104124, 2023 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37044292

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of Mn (6.65 mg/L) at different exposure times (96 h, 7, 14, and 21 days) and evaluate its possible toxic effects on the fish Astyanax lacustris through multi-biomarkers and the maximum critical temperature (CT Max). The results show an increase in the Mn accumulation (liver and gills) with increasing exposure time. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity showed differences in the group exposed to Mn for 96 h compared to the group exposed for 21 days. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity increased in the fish exposed for 7 days compared to the control group. On the other hand, no genotoxic changes were observed. The CT Max showed that the loss of equilibrium of 50% of the fish occurs at a temperature of 39ºC, with and without the Mn presence. Furthermore, the catalase gene expression (oxidative stress) did not show alterations.


Subject(s)
Characidae , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Animals , Characidae/metabolism , Manganese/toxicity , Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism , Temperature , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Oxidative Stress , Catalase/metabolism , Biomarkers/metabolism , Gills/metabolism , Glutathione Transferase/genetics , Glutathione Transferase/metabolism , Liver/metabolism
3.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol ; 108(4): 708-715, 2022 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34626211

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of the association between Fe and Mn in Oreochromis niloticus through genotoxic (micronucleus test and comet assay) and biochemical (CAT and GST enzymes) assays. The tested treatments were T1 = control group (without metal addition), T2 = 2.60 mg L-1 of Fe + 0.2 mg L-1 of Mn, and T3 = 4.40 mg L-1 of Fe + 3.49 mg L-1 of Mn, during 96-h bioassays. All animals exposed to the metals showed a significant increase in erythrocyte micronucleus frequency and DNA damage. The hepatic GST activity increased two times in animals exposed to T3 compared to the control group. The results indicate that Fe + Mn caused genotoxic and biochemical changes in exposed fish. Therefore, excess metals in ecosystems, even those essential for organisms, can be dangerous for the local biota due to the risk associated with high concentrations of these metals.


Subject(s)
Cichlids , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Animals , Cichlids/genetics , Comet Assay , DNA Damage , Ecosystem , Iron/toxicity , Manganese/toxicity , Micronucleus Tests , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
4.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol ; 106(6): 923-928, 2021 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33914099

ABSTRACT

Ocean warming and acidification can cause deleterious effects on marine biota, which may be potentialized when associated with metal pollution. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of pH decrease, temperature increase and lead contamination on fertility rate and embryo-larval development of Echinometra lucunter. Gametes and embryos were exposed at pH 8.2 (control) and 7.5; at 26°C (control) and 28°C; and at lead concentrations of 0 (control), 125, 250 and 500 µg/L. These conditions were tested individually and in combination. The fertilization rate of E. lucunter was only significantly reduced in the treatments where temperature was increased and in the treatment where pH decreased. However, the development rate of the pluteus larvae was significantly affected in the majority of treatments: metal contamination in the higher concentration; decreased pH in all metal concentrations; increased temperature in the highest metal concentration; decreased pH and increased temperature and all variables combined, which is decreased pH, increased temperature and metal contamination in relation to the control group (C). The development test was shown to be more sensitive than the fertilization test in all the studied scenarios. In general, the present study suggests that pH decrease, temperature increase and metal pollution may have a significant impact on E. lucunter reproductive cycle.


Subject(s)
Echinodermata , Lead , Animals , Birth Rate , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Larva , Lead/toxicity , Oceans and Seas , Sea Urchins , Seawater
5.
Ecotoxicology ; 30(4): 643-657, 2021 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33754232

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to assess whether possible metal contamination in the sediment of the nests of giant Amazon river turtle, Podocnemis expansa, could contaminate eggs and hatchlings, triggering genotoxic damage. Therefore, sediments of P. expansa nests from two sites in the Brazilian Amazon were evaluated, with the first being collected at Araguaia River and the second at Crixás-Açu River. Newly hatched offspring, eggs, and sediments were collected from the beaches of these two rivers and the quantification of metals (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) was carried out by atomic absorption spectroscopy. All targeted metals were found in both sediment and P. expansa biological samples collected on the beaches presenting higher concentrations in the sediment of Crixás-Açu River. Metals found in the eggshells before nesting and in the egg contents were maternally transferred. Moreover, augmented concentration of metals led by metal transfer from the nests sediments were detected in the eggshells after nesting (ENH) and in the newly hatched offspring (H). Probably this metal relocation to the newly hatchlings augmented the frequency of micronuclei in their blood, presenting 15.25‰ in hatchling found in Crixás-Açu River beaches and 10‰ in newly hatched animals from Araguaia River beaches. These results indicate the occurrence of maternal transfer of metals (essential or not) to the eggs in testudines as well as a transference from the sediments to the nesting eggs, triggering genotoxic effects on the hatchlings.


Subject(s)
Metals, Heavy , Turtles , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Animals , Bioaccumulation , Brazil , DNA Damage , Environmental Monitoring , Geologic Sediments , Metals, Heavy/analysis , Rivers , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
6.
Mar Genomics ; 54: 100784, 2020 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33222893

ABSTRACT

Astyanax lacustris is a freshwater characid fish species that inhabits small streams, lakes and rivers in South America. These fish are abundant in the wild and highly adaptable in captive, being considered a good model for ecotoxicological studies. Nevertheless, there are only shortcoming gene sequence information available in public databases, which hinder their use in more comprehensive investigations that employ sensitivity molecular biology techniques to assess gene expression profile for biomarker identification. In this study, we report the first de novo transcriptome of A. lacustris liver with the aim of improving gene sequence data available for this fish species. Illumina sequencing generated 79,102,610 raw reads, which were filtered in 62,041,259 high-quality transcripts. De novo assembly resulted in 93,888 unigenes and 120,674 isoforms of an average length of 909.12 and 1046.50 bp, respectively. 60,495 isoforms (50.13%) were functionally annotated against seven databases, retrieving homology queries for about 46% of all isoforms. Therefore, in this study we provide information of relevant genes associated to environmental stress and contamination of A. lacustris, enabling future ecotoxicological researches and other molecular studies using this fish species as model.


Subject(s)
Characidae/genetics , Molecular Sequence Annotation , Stress, Physiological/genetics , Transcriptome , Animals , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Ontology , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Liver/metabolism
7.
J Trace Elem Med Biol ; 62: 126654, 2020 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33164783

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to verify the accumulation of trace metals in eggs and hatchlings of Chelonia mydas, evaluating if metal accumulation is originated from maternal transfer and/or from the incubation environment. Other assessments were also performed, as metal distribution in different tissues (blood, kidney, liver, muscle, and turtle shells) of newly hatched turtles, and genotoxic analysis, to verify possible damages caused by the presence of metals. METHODS: The assessments were carried out by quantifying Cd, Ni, Pb, Mn and Fe in egg sample collected during laying time (eggshells (ELT) and egg content (EC)), eggshells from newly hatched turtles (ENH), hatchlings tissues (H - blood, kidney, liver, muscle, and shell)) (n = 18 for each biological sample - 3 of each nest) and nest sediments (n = 6, one of each nest). Comparative analysis were made between ELT and ENH, as well as between egg content (EC) and the sum of tissue samples from hatchlings, using Mann-Whitney hypothesis test (p < 0,05). The amount of metals in different hatchling was quantified and followed by the Dunn post-test. A principal component analysis (PCA) was also employed. RESULTS: Metals studied were found in all investigated samples. The concentration of a great amount of investigated metals was significantly higher (P=<0.001) in eggshells from ENH than in ELT. An increase in Cd (2.16-fold), Pb (3.47-fold), Fe (6.83-fold) and Mn (195.57-fold) concentration was noticed in ENH. We also observed an increase in Fe (1.59-fold), Mn (1.74-fold) and Ni (1.59-fold) concentration in hatchling, when compared with EC, due to transfer from nest sediments. In relation to the hatchling's tissues, blood was shown to accumulate higher concentrations of Ni and Pb, while shells accumulated more Cd and Fe, and Mn is more associated with liver and kidney. Fe was the highest accumulated metal in both tissues, and muscles presented discrete concentrations of Ni, Mn, and Pb. A mean concentration of 1.25‰ MN was obtained in C. mydas hatchlings, indicating that the accumulation of metals in hatchlings didn't cause toxicology effects. CONCLUSION: Hatchlings accumulate metals through the maternal and sediment transfer, although the levels of metal accumulation were not enough to cause genotoxic damage.


Subject(s)
Metals/pharmacokinetics , Ovum/metabolism , Trace Elements/pharmacokinetics , Turtles/metabolism , Animals , Egg Shell/chemistry , Environmental Pollutants/analysis , Environmental Pollutants/blood , Environmental Pollutants/pharmacokinetics , Female , Geologic Sediments , Metals/analysis , Metals/blood , Ovum/chemistry , Tissue Distribution , Trace Elements/analysis , Trace Elements/blood , Trinidad and Tobago , Turtles/blood
8.
Aquat Toxicol ; 217: 105353, 2019 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31734625

ABSTRACT

The present work aimed to investigate the effects of acute (12, 24, 48 and 96 h) and subchronic (168 and 336 h) exposure of seahorse, Hippocampus reidi to water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of diesel fuel on biotransformation parameters, antioxidant defenses and DNA integrity. In addition, a recovery experiment was performed, where the organisms remained in absence of the contaminant for 336 h, after WAF exposure for 168 h (totaling 504 h). At the end of each experimental protocol, the concentration of pyrene-, benzo(a)pyrene- and naphthalene-type metabolites in bile, hepatic activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), as well as lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in hepatocytes, were analyzed, in addition to the DNA damage and the micronucleus (MN) test in the peripheral blood. It was observed that both acute and subchronic WAF exposure affected the investigated parameters in different ways. In general, the exposed groups presented higher mean values for the investigated parameters if compared with their respective controls. After the recovery experiment, the mean values of PAH metabolites, LPO, DNA damage and MN frequency were significantly lower than those of animals exposed for 168 h, indicating that the recovery period was appropriately long for the evaluated biomarkers return to the control levels. The results indicated that the selected H. reidi biomarkers proved to be adequate and complementary tools in determining the first impacts of acute and subchronic exposure caused by WAF of diesel fuel in fish, as well as their recovery in clean water.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/metabolism , DNA Breaks/drug effects , Environmental Biomarkers/drug effects , Gasoline/toxicity , Smegmamorpha/metabolism , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Animals , Bile/metabolism , Biotransformation , Catalase/metabolism , Glutathione Transferase/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Liver/drug effects , Liver/enzymology , Smegmamorpha/genetics , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism
9.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol ; 102(2): 181-185, 2019 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30631894

ABSTRACT

The toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) in Geophagus brasiliensis was investigated in the present study. For this, 32 specimens of G. brasiliensis were exposed in individual aquaria to Cd concentrations (0.00, 0.01, 0.07, and 0.67 mg/L) for 14 days. The micronuclei test did not detect the genotoxic damage at the studied concentrations and time of exposure. However, the comet assay proved to be more efficient, as DNA damage was found in the animals exposed to the higher Cd concentrations. Finally, exposure of G. brasiliensis to Cd was associated with Cd accumulation in the gills, while only the animals exposed to 0.67 mg/L of Cd exhibited muscle accumulation. These results demonstrate that Cd concentrations over 0.07 mg/L caused genotoxic damage, as well as Cd accumulation in G. brasiliensis individuals after a 14 days exposure.


Subject(s)
Cadmium/toxicity , Cichlids/metabolism , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Animals , Biomarkers/metabolism , Cadmium/metabolism , Comet Assay , DNA Damage , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Micronucleus Tests , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism
10.
Ecotoxicology ; 27(8): 1150-1160, 2018 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30120660

ABSTRACT

Manganese and iron were found at high concentrations (3.61 mg/L and 19.8 mg/L, respectively) in the water of the Rio Doce after the dams of Fundão and Santarém broke in Mariana/MG (Brazil). These same metals were found in fish and crustacean muscle (15 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg wet weight, respectively) in the specimens collected near the Rio Doce's outfall. Due to the variation in Mn concentration found in the lower Rio Doce, this study aimed to determine the effects of Mn in Oreochromis niloticus, at the concentrations allowed by CONAMA, and in concentrations found in the Rio Doce after the dams broke. The animals were exposed to the following dissolved concentrations: control group (0.0 mg/L), 0.2; 1.5 and 2.9 mg/L manganese for 96 h. In addition, a positive control was conducted, injecting intraperitoneally with cyclophosphamide (at 25 mg/kg). These exposures caused significant erythrocyte micronucleus formation in the organisms exposed to the highest concentration, as well a significant increase in the DNA damage index of erythrocytes from organisms exposed to 1.5 mg/L and 2.9 mg/L treatments. The glutathione S-transferase enzyme activity also showed a significant increase in the liver of the organisms exposed to 2.9 mg/L. However, catalase activity increased significantly in the gills of the animals exposed to all concentrations of manganese that were tested. Manganese bioconcentrated in greater quantities in the liver than the gills. Thus, manganese causes significant damage to genetic material, generates nuclear abnormalities, activates the body's detoxification system and can accumulate in animal tissue.


Subject(s)
Cichlids/physiology , Manganese/toxicity , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Animals , DNA Damage , Micronucleus Tests
11.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 162: 59-62, 2018 Oct 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29960915

ABSTRACT

Considering the high number of accidents with diesel oil spills occurring in the marine ecosystem, toxicity tests aimed at assessing the effects of this pollutant on biota are necessary and urgent. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of the soluble fraction of diesel oil (WSD) in the fertilization success of gametes and pluteu larvae of the sea urchin Echinometra lucunter. To do this, gametes and embryos were exposed to concentrations of 0% (control group), 0.5%, 1.5% and 2.5% of WSD. The fertilization success of exposed gametes and embryos were reduced significantly when compared to the control group in all tested concentrations. With this finding, it is evident that diesel oil can be significantly promoted in the early and adult life stages of a particular organism, and a better way of evaluating this toxicity is through the analysis of contaminant effects throughout the reproductive cycle of a species.


Subject(s)
Gasoline/toxicity , Sea Urchins/drug effects , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Animals , Fertilization/drug effects , Larva/drug effects , Sea Urchins/embryology , Sea Urchins/growth & development , Water/chemistry
12.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 144: 275-282, 2017 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28641238

ABSTRACT

Petroleum hydrocarbons are one of the primary organic chemicals found in water bodies, and the water-soluble fraction of petroleum (WSFP) may be responsible for much of the toxic effects. In the present study, genotoxicity assays and histopathological analysis of the gills were analyzed for two experimental protocols: 1) Juvenile Centropomus parallelus were exposed to different concentrations of WFSP (0%, 25%, 50% and 75%) for 96h; 2) A second fish group was exposed to 50% WFSP for 168h followed by a post-exposure period for 168h in clean water (recovery). The total benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylene (BTEX) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations at time 0 were 254µgL-1 and 4.72µgL-1 in 25%; 552.9µgL-1 and 9.36µgL-1 in 50%; and 842.4µgL-1 and 9.97µgL-1 in 75% WSFP, respectively. Based on the alkaline comet assay, the damage index (DI) values of fish exposed to 25% WSFP for 96h were significantly higher than those in the control group, and in the micronucleus test, the higher damage values were found in fish exposed to 75% WSFP. Furthermore, this last genotoxic test showed recovery after 168h. At all concentrations of WSFP, several histopathological changes were observed, and overall, most of these changes observed in the gills were classified as proliferative changes and represented a protective mechanism against pollutant uptake. Based on the recovery experiment, the damage was also significantly reduced after recovery. Our results showed that short-term exposure to WSFP compounds triggered cellular alterations in C. parallelus, but total recovery did not occur with time. Additionally, the different periods of exposure were not sufficient to induce severe gill damage in C. parallelus. Moreover, this fish demonstrated its usefulness as a sentinel species.


Subject(s)
DNA Damage , Perciformes/genetics , Petroleum/toxicity , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/toxicity , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Animals , Comet Assay , Gills/drug effects , Gills/pathology , Micronucleus Tests , Mutagenicity Tests , Solubility
13.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 15(4): [e170054], dez. 2017. graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-18769

ABSTRACT

This study evaluates the effects of exposure to manganese (Mn2+) for 96 hours at two different temperatures (24 and 27°C) on juveniles of Centropomus parallelus through the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT), micronuclei test (MN) and comet assay. The GST activity did not show any significant difference between the groups exposed to Mn2+ and the respective control groups; in contrast, a major increase in the CAT activity was observed at 27°C in the group exposed to Mn2+ compared to the control group. The genotoxic analyses showed that in all animals exposed to Mn2+, the number of red cells with micronuclei increased significantly compared to the respective control groups. There was also a significant increase in the incidence of DNA damage in the groups exposed to Mn2+. At a temperature of 24ºC, animals exposed to Mn2+ had more DNA damage than those at 27°C. It is likely that the increase in temperature can also induce oxidative stress. Thus, we conclude that manganese is toxic to the fat snook juveniles, causing genotoxic damage, and when associated with an increase in temperature, manganese can also provoke an increase in oxidative stress.(AU)


Este estudo avaliou os efeitos da exposição ao manganês (Mn2+), após 96 horas, a duas temperaturas (24 e 27°C) em juvenis de Centropomus parallelus por meio de análises bioquímicas (atividade das enzimas glutationa S-transferase (GST) e catalase (CAT)) e genotóxicas (teste do micronúcleo e ensaio cometa). A atividade da GST não mostrou diferença significativa entre os grupos expostos ao Mn2+ e os seus respectivos grupos controle, enquanto que um aumento significativo na atividade da CAT foi observado a 27°C no grupo exposto ao Mn2+, quando comparado ao grupo controle. As análises genotóxicas mostraram que os animais expostos ao Mn2+ tiveram aumento significativo na quantidade de células com micronúcleo em relação aos seus grupos de controles. Houve também aumento significativo na incidência de danos ao DNA nos grupos expostos a esse contaminante. Na temperatura de 24°C, os animais expostos ao Mn2+ tiveram maior quantidade de danos no DNA em relação a 27°C. É provável que o aumento da temperatura também possa induzir o estresse oxidativo. Assim, concluímos que o manganês é tóxico para os juvenis de robalo, causando dano genotóxico, e quando associado a um aumento da temperatura, também pode provocar um aumento no estresse oxidativo.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Perciformes/abnormalities , Manganese/adverse effects , Genotoxicity/analysis , Biomarkers/analysis
14.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 15(4): e170054, 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-895109

ABSTRACT

This study evaluates the effects of exposure to manganese (Mn2+) for 96 hours at two different temperatures (24 and 27°C) on juveniles of Centropomus parallelus through the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT), micronuclei test (MN) and comet assay. The GST activity did not show any significant difference between the groups exposed to Mn2+ and the respective control groups; in contrast, a major increase in the CAT activity was observed at 27°C in the group exposed to Mn2+ compared to the control group. The genotoxic analyses showed that in all animals exposed to Mn2+, the number of red cells with micronuclei increased significantly compared to the respective control groups. There was also a significant increase in the incidence of DNA damage in the groups exposed to Mn2+. At a temperature of 24ºC, animals exposed to Mn2+ had more DNA damage than those at 27°C. It is likely that the increase in temperature can also induce oxidative stress. Thus, we conclude that manganese is toxic to the fat snook juveniles, causing genotoxic damage, and when associated with an increase in temperature, manganese can also provoke an increase in oxidative stress.(AU)


Este estudo avaliou os efeitos da exposição ao manganês (Mn2+), após 96 horas, a duas temperaturas (24 e 27°C) em juvenis de Centropomus parallelus por meio de análises bioquímicas (atividade das enzimas glutationa S-transferase (GST) e catalase (CAT)) e genotóxicas (teste do micronúcleo e ensaio cometa). A atividade da GST não mostrou diferença significativa entre os grupos expostos ao Mn2+ e os seus respectivos grupos controle, enquanto que um aumento significativo na atividade da CAT foi observado a 27°C no grupo exposto ao Mn2+, quando comparado ao grupo controle. As análises genotóxicas mostraram que os animais expostos ao Mn2+ tiveram aumento significativo na quantidade de células com micronúcleo em relação aos seus grupos de controles. Houve também aumento significativo na incidência de danos ao DNA nos grupos expostos a esse contaminante. Na temperatura de 24°C, os animais expostos ao Mn2+ tiveram maior quantidade de danos no DNA em relação a 27°C. É provável que o aumento da temperatura também possa induzir o estresse oxidativo. Assim, concluímos que o manganês é tóxico para os juvenis de robalo, causando dano genotóxico, e quando associado a um aumento da temperatura, também pode provocar um aumento no estresse oxidativo.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Perciformes/abnormalities , Genotoxicity/analysis , Manganese/adverse effects , Biomarkers/analysis
15.
Aquat Toxicol ; 177: 441-5, 2016 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27395804

ABSTRACT

Anthropogenic processes affect different communities through the release of contaminated effluents into water bodies. Copper can be found in the effluents of most industrial processes and in other effluent types. The fat snook Centropomus parallelus, found from Florida in the United States to southern Brazil, is of great economic importance and is used as a food resource near the coast. This study aimed to determine the effects of copper on C. parallelus. The fish were exposed for 30 or 60 days to treatments of 0, 13 and 26µgCuL(-1). Genotoxic effects of copper were observed in the micronuclei, especially in individuals exposed to higher concentrations. Copper exposure also had a negative effect on the growth of fat snook individuals. Compared to the control group without the addition of metal, an accumulation of metal was observed in the gills of exposed fish, an effect that was not found in the muscle.


Subject(s)
Copper/toxicity , Gills/drug effects , Perciformes/physiology , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Animals , Body Size/drug effects , Body Weight/drug effects , Metals/toxicity , Toxicity Tests
16.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 11(1): 193-198, 20130300. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-9419

ABSTRACT

Diesel oil can be a source of contamination in aquatic environments, mainly as a result of spills. The effects of the water-soluble fraction of diesel (WSF) on Prochilodus vimboides were assessed. Fish were exposed to three different WSF dilutions for up to 96 h and were compared to a control group. Damages in the fragments of DNA were analyzed using the Comet assay. The presence of erytrocyts abnormalities was assessed by micronucleus test. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and the accumulation of copper in gills were also analyzed. Fish exposed for 96 h had higher rates of damage than those exposed for 24 h. There was no significant difference regarding the presence of micronuclei between exposed and control fish and between 24-h and 96-h exposures. For AST, no significant difference was observed between samples collected at the two exposure times. Fish exposed to a 1:100 dilution of WSF showed higher activity of the enzyme ALT than the control fish after a 24-h exposure period. There was no bioaccumulation of copper in the gills. We conclude that the genotoxic effects of WSF in the cells are more evident in P. vimboides during an acute exposure.(AU)


O óleo diesel pode ser uma fonte de contaminação em ambientes aquáticos, principalmente como resultado de derrames acidentais. Foram avaliados os efeitos da fração solúvel do óleo diesel (FSO) em Prochilodus vimboides. Os peixes foram expostos a três diferentes diluições da FSO por até 96 horas e comparados com um grupo controle. Os danos nos fragmentos de DNA foram analisados utilizando o ensaio Cometa. A presença de anormalidades nos eritrócitos foi avaliada pelo teste do micronúcleo. A atividade da Aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e alanina aminotransferase (ALT) e da acumulação de cobre nas brânquias também foram analisados. Os peixes expostos por 96 h tiveram maiores taxas de danos do que aqueles expostos por 24 h. Não houve diferença significativa quanto à presença de micronúcleos entre os peixes expostos e controle e entre 24 e 96 h exposições. Para AST, não foi observada diferença significativa entre as amostras coletadas em dois tempos de exposição. Os peixes expostos a uma diluição de 1:100 do FSO apresentaram maior atividade da enzima ALT do que os peixes do controle após um período de exposição de 24 horas. Não houve bioacumulação de cobre nas brânquias. Os efeitos genotóxicos nas células foram os mais evidentes em P. vimboides durante a exposição aguda a FSO.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Characiformes , Water Contamination Effects , Erythrocytes, Abnormal , Pollution Indicators
17.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 11(1): 193-198, Jan-Mar/2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-670934

ABSTRACT

Diesel oil can be a source of contamination in aquatic environments, mainly as a result of spills. The effects of the water-soluble fraction of diesel (WSF) on Prochilodus vimboides were assessed. Fish were exposed to three different WSF dilutions for up to 96 h and were compared to a control group. Damages in the fragments of DNA were analyzed using the Comet assay. The presence of erytrocyts abnormalities was assessed by micronucleus test. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and the accumulation of copper in gills were also analyzed. Fish exposed for 96 h had higher rates of damage than those exposed for 24 h. There was no significant difference regarding the presence of micronuclei between exposed and control fish and between 24-h and 96-h exposures. For AST, no significant difference was observed between samples collected at the two exposure times. Fish exposed to a 1:100 dilution of WSF showed higher activity of the enzyme ALT than the control fish after a 24-h exposure period. There was no bioaccumulation of copper in the gills. We conclude that the genotoxic effects of WSF in the cells are more evident in P. vimboides during an acute exposure.


O óleo diesel pode ser uma fonte de contaminação em ambientes aquáticos, principalmente como resultado de derrames acidentais. Foram avaliados os efeitos da fração solúvel do óleo diesel (FSO) em Prochilodus vimboides. Os peixes foram expostos a três diferentes diluições da FSO por até 96 horas e comparados com um grupo controle. Os danos nos fragmentos de DNA foram analisados utilizando o ensaio Cometa. A presença de anormalidades nos eritrócitos foi avaliada pelo teste do micronúcleo. A atividade da Aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e alanina aminotransferase (ALT) e da acumulação de cobre nas brânquias também foram analisados. Os peixes expostos por 96 h tiveram maiores taxas de danos do que aqueles expostos por 24 h. Não houve diferença significativa quanto à presença de micronúcleos entre os peixes expostos e controle e entre 24 e 96 h exposições. Para AST, não foi observada diferença significativa entre as amostras coletadas em dois tempos de exposição. Os peixes expostos a uma diluição de 1:100 do FSO apresentaram maior atividade da enzima ALT do que os peixes do controle após um período de exposição de 24 horas. Não houve bioacumulação de cobre nas brânquias. Os efeitos genotóxicos nas células foram os mais evidentes em P. vimboides durante a exposição aguda a FSO.


Subject(s)
Animals , Characiformes , Erythrocytes, Abnormal , Water Contamination Effects , Pollution Indicators
18.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 87: 1-9, 2013 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23116620

ABSTRACT

The present article investigates the responses of Hippocampus reidi exposed to crude oil (10mL/L) for time periods that are characteristic of acute (12, 24, 48 and 96h) and subchronic (168 and 336h) and its recovery at 168h, such as to assess H. reidi as a good sentinel species. These responses were examined by genotoxic and morphologic analyses. There was a control group (n=8) for each group exposed to crude oil (n=8). The results revealed the occurrence of genotoxic damage in erythrocytes of all specimens exposed to crude oil. The damage index (DI) observed for all exposure times were significantly higher compared to those of the respective control groups; the highest DI was observed in specimens exposed to crude oil for 168h. The group exposed to crude oil for 96h had the highest values of micronuclei than all other exposure times. Microscopic inspection of the H. reidi gills revealed the presence of several histopathological changes, all of which were minor severity (structural normal gills). The recovery experiment revealed a significant reduction in genotoxic damages, however the period of 168h was not sufficient to recuperate the histopathology damages. The Seahorse has presented significant genotoxic responses after exposure to crude oil. Furthermore, it is a sedentary fish and is widely distributed; in conclusion this specie can be considered an excellent sentinel organism.


Subject(s)
DNA/drug effects , Gills/drug effects , Petroleum/toxicity , Smegmamorpha/physiology , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Animals , Erythrocytes/drug effects , Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective , Time Factors
19.
Acta Sci. Biol. Sci. ; 32(1): 87-92, jan.-mar.2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-6880

ABSTRACT

Como forma de monitoramento de áreas degradadas, testes de toxicidade têm sido amplamente utilizados. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a toxicidade do cobre para o piauçu a partir da determinação da CL50 96h e da análise de alterações nos padrões enzimáticos e leucocitários, em exposição subletal (25 e 50% da concentração letal) por 96h. A CL50 96h do cobre para o piauçu foi 0,09 ± 0,03 mg L-1. Após a exposição às concentrações subletal, os valores das concentrações enzimáticas de Alanina Aminotrasferase e Aspartato Aminotransferase não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os indivíduos do grupo-controle e dos expostos ao metal. A glicose plasmática apresentou aumento significativo nos peixes expostos a 25 e 50% da CL50, quando comparados ao controle. O eosinófilo, o linfócito e o neutrófilo não apresentaram diferença significativa do grupo-controle. Os trombócitos aumentaram significativamente nos peixes expostos a 50% da CL50; os monócitos, nos peixes expostos a 25 e 50% da CL50. Os resultados indicam que o piauçu é uma espécie sensível aos efeitos letais do cobre e que a exposição a concentrações subletais causa um distúrbio imunológico, porém não induz dano hepático, de acordo com as enzimas mensuradas.(AU)


Toxicity tests have been widely used as a form of monitoring degraded areas. This work has as objective to evaluate the toxicity of copper for Piauçu from the determination of LC50 for 96 hours and analysis of alterations in the enzymatic and leukocyte patterns, in sublethal exposure (25 and 50% of the lethal concentration) for 96 hours. The LC50 of copper for Piauçu, during 96 hours, is 0.09±0.03 mg L-1 Cu2+. After exposure to the sublethal concentrations, enzymatic concentrations of Alanine Aminotrasferase and Aspartate Aminotransferase did not show any significant difference between the individuals of the control and metal groups. Plasma glucose showed a significant increase in fish exposed to 25 and 50% of LC50, when compared with control. Eosinophil, lymphocyte and neutrophil showed no significant difference from the control group. Thrombocytes increased significantly in the fish exposed to 50% of the LC50, as did monocytes in fish exposed to 25 and 50% of LC50. The results indicate that Piauçu is a species sensitive to the lethal effects of copper, and that exposure to the sublethal concentrations causes immune disorder; however, it does not induce liver damage according with the measured enzymes.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Copper , Toxicity
20.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; Acta sci., Biol. sci;32(1): 87-92, jan.-mar.2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1460625

ABSTRACT

Como forma de monitoramento de áreas degradadas, testes de toxicidade têm sido amplamente utilizados. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a toxicidade do cobre para o piauçu a partir da determinação da CL50 96h e da análise de alterações nos padrões enzimáticos e leucocitários, em exposição subletal (25 e 50% da concentração letal) por 96h. A CL50 96h do cobre para o piauçu foi 0,09 ± 0,03 mg L-1. Após a exposição às concentrações subletal, os valores das concentrações enzimáticas de Alanina Aminotrasferase e Aspartato Aminotransferase não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os indivíduos do grupo-controle e dos expostos ao metal. A glicose plasmática apresentou aumento significativo nos peixes expostos a 25 e 50% da CL50, quando comparados ao controle. O eosinófilo, o linfócito e o neutrófilo não apresentaram diferença significativa do grupo-controle. Os trombócitos aumentaram significativamente nos peixes expostos a 50% da CL50; os monócitos, nos peixes expostos a 25 e 50% da CL50. Os resultados indicam que o piauçu é uma espécie sensível aos efeitos letais do cobre e que a exposição a concentrações subletais causa um distúrbio imunológico, porém não induz dano hepático, de acordo com as enzimas mensuradas.


Toxicity tests have been widely used as a form of monitoring degraded areas. This work has as objective to evaluate the toxicity of copper for Piauçu from the determination of LC50 for 96 hours and analysis of alterations in the enzymatic and leukocyte patterns, in sublethal exposure (25 and 50% of the lethal concentration) for 96 hours. The LC50 of copper for Piauçu, during 96 hours, is 0.09±0.03 mg L-1 Cu2+. After exposure to the sublethal concentrations, enzymatic concentrations of Alanine Aminotrasferase and Aspartate Aminotransferase did not show any significant difference between the individuals of the control and metal groups. Plasma glucose showed a significant increase in fish exposed to 25 and 50% of LC50, when compared with control. Eosinophil, lymphocyte and neutrophil showed no significant difference from the control group. Thrombocytes increased significantly in the fish exposed to 50% of the LC50, as did monocytes in fish exposed to 25 and 50% of LC50. The results indicate that Piauçu is a species sensitive to the lethal effects of copper, and that exposure to the sublethal concentrations causes immune disorder; however, it does not induce liver damage according with the measured enzymes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Copper , Toxicity
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