Subject(s)
Ozone , Ozone/pharmacology , Ozone/chemistry , Ozone/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Female , Aged , Adult , Surgical Wound/drug therapy , Surgical Wound/therapy , Surgical Wound Infection/drug therapyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) in humans can be characterized as a relaxed dermal skin compartment consisting of functionally interlinked adipocytes. dWAT is typically discerned both in terms of morphology and function from subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). In particular in human thigh, the dWAT appears as thin extensions from the adipose panniculus to the dermis, and it is primarily associated with pilosebaceous units, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and erector pili muscles. In this work, human fat tissue samples obtained post-mortem from the gluteo-femoral region were analyzed focusing on the thin extensions of dWAT named dermal cones. This anatomical region was chosen to deepen the dWAT morphological features of this site which is interesting both for clinical applications and genetical studies. The purpose of this exploratory methodological study was to gain deeper insights into the morphological features of human dWAT through a multimodal imaging approach. METHODS: Optical microscopy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), have been employed in this study. The cones' length and their distances were measured on the acquired images for optical microscopy and SEM. The cone's apparent regular distribution in MRI images was evaluated using a mathematical criterion, the conformity ratio, which is the ratio of the mean nearest-neighbor distance to its standard deviation. RESULTS: The imaging techniques revealed white adipocytes forming a layer, referred to as sWAT, with cones measuring nearly 2â¯mm in size measured on SEM and Optical images (2.1 ± 0.4â¯mm), with the lower part embedded in the sWAT and the upper part extending into the dermis. The distance between the cones results about 1â¯mm measured on MRI images and they show an overall semiregular distribution. CONCLUSIONS: MRI images demonstrated an orderly arrangement of cones, and their 3D reconstruction allowed to elucidate the dermal cones' disposition in the tissue sample and a more general comprehensive visualization of the entire fat structure within the dermis.
Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue, White , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Multimodal Imaging , Humans , Adipose Tissue, White/anatomy & histology , Adipose Tissue, White/diagnostic imaging , Male , Female , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Aged , Middle Aged , Dermis/anatomy & histology , Dermis/diagnostic imaging , Thigh/anatomy & histology , Thigh/diagnostic imaging , Aged, 80 and overABSTRACT
Knee osteoarthritis (knee OA), commonly known as gonarthrosis, is a chronic pathology involving knee at the joint level causing progressive pain, stiffness and difficulty in ambulation and leg movements. So far in situ infiltration therapies such as platelet rich plasma, conditioned autologous serum or hyaluronic acid, provided some encouraging though limited hopes for a routinely recommended therapy for knee OA. Recent clinical successful observations about the use of whole autologous blood ozonated with a calibrated mixture of oxygen and ozone, has promoted the present research study, in order to treat knee OA. A number of 250 patients suffering with knee OA of different Ahlback scores, were treated with infiltration of ozonated blood and evaluated for their WOMAC and Lequesne indexes, pre- and post-treatment, to evaluate pain, disability and stiffness. Patients recovered about 50% of their health status, reducing pain, stiffness and disability by only 5 sessions, one/week, with 20 µg/ml O3 ozonated autologous blood knee infiltrations. The evidence asks for further supporting results yet encourages our efforts to go ahead in this research issue. Key Points â¢The oxygen-ozone therapy via ozonated blood infiltration was used in this study. â¢Ozone reduced pain, disability, and stiffness in both female and male patients. â¢The treatment with ozone improved WOMAC both in type I and type II Ahlback knee OA. â¢The oxygen-ozone therapy via ozonated blood ameliorated Lequesne functional index.
Subject(s)
Osteoarthritis, Knee , Ozone , Humans , Ozone/therapeutic use , Osteoarthritis, Knee/drug therapy , Osteoarthritis, Knee/therapy , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Treatment Outcome , Pain Measurement , Knee Joint/physiopathologySubject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , COVID-19/prevention & control , RNA, Viral , SARS-CoV-2 , Microclimate , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Ozone , Periodontitis , Humans , Water , Periodontitis/therapy , Ozone/therapeutic use , Pain ManagementABSTRACT
The present study was performed to describe how much affordable, feasible, and straightforward is the approach the authors called "single-stage full-face surgical profileplasty," tailored to greatly improve the surgery of the facial profiling setting and achieve complete profile correction at the same time. From January 2010 to May 2019, 113 patients (95 females and 18 males; aged 19 - 63 years) were surgically treated for full-face profile amelioration. Profile correction was performed by using a combination of five procedures out of other various previously experienced: forehead fat grafting, rhinoplasty, lip fat grafting, genioplasty, and submental liposuction. All patients were assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months following surgery for assessing the surgical profile treatment (SPT) outcome and any possible side effects of the combined treatment. Facial profile stability at 1 year was taken as the completion point of this treatment. Arnett et al's "Soft Tissue Cephalometric Analysis" (1999) was used to clinically evaluate the soft tissues before and after the SPT. Patients' satisfaction was measured with the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8" at 3 and 12 months after surgery. Statistics were used for Arnett et al's evaluation. Almost all the values were consistent and reached the normal ranges indicated by Arnett et al (p < 0.001), confirming that the desired results of the surgical profileplasty have been achieved. Single-stage full-face surgical profile treatment helps in correcting faults of the global facial deformity, in every single treated area, providing an overall improvement in facial aesthetics and harmony. Obtaining the simultaneous correction in the whole face has also the advantage of avoiding multiple surgical procedures, reducing postoperative discomfort, and the overall risks for the patient due to multiple surgical and anesthetic procedures.
Subject(s)
Face , Rhinoplasty , Male , Female , Humans , Face/surgery , Rhinoplasty/adverse effects , Rhinoplasty/methods , Treatment Outcome , Forehead/surgery , GenioplastyABSTRACT
Ozone, an allotrope of oxygen, is enjoying an increasing interest in the setting and management of the medical adjunct treatment, which is called, maybe too simplistically, "ozone therapy". Ozone is not a medicine, so the word therapy does not properly fit this gaseous molecule. Like many natural compounds, for example plant flavonoids, even ozone interacts with aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs) and, at low doses, it works according to the paradoxical mechanism of hormesis, involving mitochondria (mitohormesis). Ozone, in the hormetic range, exerts cell protective functions via the Nrf2-mediated activation of the anti-oxidant system, then leading to anti-inflammatory effects, also via the triggering of low doses of 4-HNE. Moreover, its interaction with plasma and lipids forms reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipoperoxides (LPOs), generally called ozonides, which are enabled to rule the major molecular actions of ozone in the cell. Ozone behaves as a bioregulator, by activating a wide population of reactive intermediates, which usually target mitochondria and their turnover/biogenesis, often leading to a pleiotropic spectrum of actions and behaving as a tuner of the fundamental mechanisms of survival in the cell. In this sense, ozone can be considered a novelty in the medical sciences and in the clinical approach to pharmacology and medical therapy, due to its ability to target complex regulatory systems and not simple receptors.