Sinus lifts in the presence of pseudoantral and mucous retention cysts.

Objectives: Mucous retention cysts and pseudoantral cysts are mainly located within the floor of the maxillary sinus. Most of these maxillary cysts are asymptomatic and often only require observation. However, the presence of these benign maxillary cysts may create problems when maxillary sinus all types of implants are needed. Various treatment methods have been introduced. The selected treatment option depends on the type, size, and location of the cyst and its symptoms. Patients and. Methods: The case reports of four patients with maxillary cysts were reviewed retrospectively. These patients received a sinus lift between January 2016 and October 2021 at the Wonkwang University Dental Hospital. Results: To reduce unnecessary operations and the duration of treatment, a conservative treatment method is required. A sinus lift in the presence of maxillary cyst will not typically cause sinus problems if the lifted sinus membrane does not interfere with ventilation of the maxillary sinus. Conclusion: When proper treatment is provided, sinus perforation during a sinus lift performed in the presence of maxillary cyst and contamination of bone graft materials by cystic fluid does not necessarily result in adverse outcomes.

Efficacy and Safety of Switching to Teneligliptin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled with Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors: 52-Week Results from a Prospective Observational Study.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of switching to teneligliptin from other dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled despite treatment with a stable dose of other DPP-4 inhibitors. METHODS: Patients with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 7% despite taking DPP-4 inhibitors other than teneligliptin, with or without other antidiabetic agents, for at least 3 months were enrolled in this study. Patients on DPP-4 inhibitors administered prior to participation in this study were switched to 20 mg teneligliptin once daily and the dose was maintained for the 52-week study period. The primary endpoint was the change in HbA1c at week 12. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and the blood lipid profile were also evaluated. Adverse events were monitored for safety assessment. RESULTS: At weeks 12, 24, and 52, the HbA1c values significantly decreased by - 0.39, - 0.44, and - 0.52%, respectively, compared to the baseline value (p < 0.0001); in addition, 56.3, 60.3, and 62.3% of patients, respectively, achieved decreases in HbA1c of at least 0.3%, and 40.1, 46.5, and 52.4% of patients, respectively, achieved decreases in HbA1c of at least 0.5%. The proportion of the patient population achieving HbA1c < 7.0% increased throughout the study period, reaching 30.4, 35.4, and 36.9% at weeks 12, 24, and 52, respectively; at these same time points, the percentage of patients achieving HbA1c < 6.5% increased to 9.5, 11.9, and 13.2% of the total study population. FPG levels and lipid parameters were also significantly decreased after teneligliptin treatment. There were no significant safety concerns. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest the significant glucose-lowering effect of teneligliptin after switching from other DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with T2DM. The improvement in glycemic control was maintained for up to 52 weeks without safety concerns.

Temporomandibular joint reconstruction with costochondral graft: case series study.

Various techniques have been used to reconstruct the temporomandibular joints, including autogenous transplants and alloplastic implants. Among autogenous grafts, costochondral grafts have mainly been used. A costochondral graft has many advantages over other autogenous grafts and alloplastic implants. Harvest is easy and has minimal impact on patients. The graft can bear functional load well and biocompatibility is excellent. A costochondral graft obviates foreign body reactions and further surgery for revision of alloplastic replacements if the graft takes well. Although long-term prognosis remains unclear, it appears that for autogenous condylar reconstruction, costochondral grafts can be used with few complications and acceptable results. This article describes cases and discusses surgical techniques and considerations related to costochondral grafts.

Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors AUY922, BIIB021 and SNX5422 Induce Bim-mediated Death of Thyroid Carcinoma Cells.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) controls maturation of oncogenic client proteins of cancer cells, and thus we studied the effect of HSP 90 inhibitors on cell survival and survival-related mediators in thyroid carcinoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human TPC-1 and SW1736 thyroid carcinoma cells were utilized. Cell viability, cytotoxic activity and apoptosis were estimated using CCK-8 assay, cytotoxicity assay and FACS analysis, respectively. RESULTS: AUY922, BIIB021 and SNX5422 decreased cell viability, and increased cytotoxic activity and the proportion of apoptotic cells. The protein levels of cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bim were elevated, and Bcl2 protein levels were reduced. Knockdown of Bax did not change cell viability, cytotoxic activity, the proportion of apoptotic cells and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels. Meanwhile, knockdown of Bim enhanced cell viability, and diminished cytotoxic activity, the proportion of apoptotic cells and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels. AUY922, BIIB021 and SNX5422 increased the protein levels of phospho-AMPK, and decreased those of phospho-ERK1/2, and total and phospho-AKT. CONCLUSION: AUY922, BIIB021 and SNX5422 induce cytotoxicity by modulating Bim and ERK1/2, AKT and AMPK signaling in thyroid carcinoma cells.

Evodiamine in combination with histone deacetylase inhibitors has synergistic cytotoxicity in thyroid carcinoma cells.

PURPOSE: The impact of evodiamine in combination with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors on survival of thyroid carcinoma cells was identified. METHODS: TPC-1 and SW1736 human thyroid carcinoma cells were used. RESULTS: After treatment with evodiamine and PXD101, cell viability, the percentage of viable cells and Bcl2 protein levels decreased, whereas cytotoxic activity, the percentage of apoptotic cells, the protein levels of γH2AX, acetyl. histone H3 and cleaved PARP, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increased. In cells treated with both evodiamine and PXD101, compared with PXD101 alone, decrement of cell viability, the percentage of viable cells, and Bcl2 protein levels as well as increment of cytotoxic activity, the percentage of apoptotic cells, the protein levels of γH2AX and cleaved PARP, and ROS production were significant, causing decrement of Bcl2/Bax ratio. Furthermore, all of the combination index values were <1.0, suggesting synergistic cytotoxicity of two agents. Wortmannin decreased cell viability and the percentage of viable cells, whereas it increased cytotoxic activity and the percentage of apoptotic cells without alteration in ROS production. The changes in cells treated with both evodiamine and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid or trichostatin A were similar to those in cells treated with both evodiamine and PXD101. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that evodiamine synergizes with HDAC inhibitors in inducing cytotoxic activities by involving survival-related proteins and ROS in thyroid carcinoma cells. Moreover, repression of PI3K/Akt signaling synergistically reinforces cytotoxicity of evodiamine combined with HDAC inhibitors in thyroid carcinoma cells.

Efficacy and Safety of Switching to Teneligliptin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled with Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors: A 12-Week Interim Report.

INTRODUCTION: Teneligliptin, an antidiabetic agent classified as a class III dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has a unique structural feature that provides strong binding to DPP-4 enzymes. We investigated the efficacy and safety of switching patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who had inadequate glycemic control on a stable dose of other DPP-4 inhibitors to teneligliptin. METHODS: Patients with T2DM whose glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were ≥ 7% despite taking DPP-4 inhibitors other than teneligliptin, with or without other hypoglycemic agents, for at least 3 months were enrolled. The DPP-4 inhibitors taken before participating in the study were switched to 20 mg qd teneligliptin, and this was to be maintained for 52 weeks. The primary end point was the change in HbA1c levels after 12 weeks. Metabolic parameters including fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and blood lipids were assessed also. To assess safety, adverse and hypoglycemic events were monitored. The data from baseline to week 12 were used for analysis in this interim report. RESULTS: The mean change in HbA1c levels from baseline to week 12 was - 0.44%. At week 12, the percentage of patients achieving HbA1c < 7.0% was 31.6% and that of achieving HbA1c < 6.5% was 11.4%, respectively. In 41.2% of patients, the HbA1c levels decreased by at least 0.5% at 12 weeks. The mean change in FPG levels from baseline to week 12 was - 11.5 mg/dl. No severe hypoglycemia was reported. CONCLUSION: After switching to teneligliptin, HbA1c levels decreased significantly in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with other DPP-4 inhibitors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03793023. FUNDING: Handok Inc.

Case report of the management of the ranula.

Ranula is a mucocele caused by extravasation of the sublingual gland on the floor of the mouth. The most common presentation is a cystic mass in the floor of the mouth. A portion of the sublingual gland could herniate through the mylohyoid muscle, and its extravasated mucin can spread along this hiatus into submandibular and submental spaces and cause cervical swelling. This phenomenon is called plunging ranula. A variety of treatments for ranula has been suggested and include aspiration of cystic fluid, sclerotherapy, marsupialization, incision and drainage, ranula excision only, and excision of the sublingual gland with or without ranula. Those various treatments have shown diverse results. Most surgeons agree that removal of the sublingual gland is necessary in oral and plunging ranula. Four patients with ranula were investigated retrospectively, and treatment methods based on literature review were attempted.

Association between metabolic parameters and glomerular hyperfiltration in a representative Korean population without chronic kidney disease.

AIMS: To investigate associations of glomerular hyperfiltration with other metabolic factors in a nationally representative dataset. METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 15,918 subjects with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and urine albumin creation ratio (ACR) <30 mg/g, who participated in the 5th and 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Hyperfiltration was defined as eGFR (CKD-EPI equation) exceeding the age- and sex-specific 95th percentile for healthy control subjects. RESULTS: Prevalence of hyperfiltration was 5.2% and that among normal, prediabetic, and diabetic subjects was 4.9%, 5.6%, and 7.3%, respectively, after adjusting for age, sex, and body weight (p for trend = 0.008). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, hyperfiltration was associated with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 [odds ratio (OR) = 3.461, p<0.001], waist circumference 85 cm (men) or 80 cm (women) (OR = 1.425, p = 0.015), systolic blood pressure 120-129 mmHg (OR = 1.644, p = 0.022), fasting plasma glucose 140 mg/dL (OR = 1.695, p = 0.033) and t serum triglyceride level 500 mg/dL (OR = 2.988, p = 0.001), and was independently associated with the ACR (B = 0.053, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In a general Korean population, both hyperfiltration and ACR were associated with similar metabolic parameters, and hyperfiltration correlated independently with a high ACR. Longitudinal studies are needed to further explore risks of hyperfiltration and microalbuminuria.

Evodiamine Suppresses Survival, Proliferation, Migration and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Thyroid Carcinoma Cells.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of evodiamine alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents on thyroid carcinoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TPC-1 and SW1736 thyroid carcinoma cells were used. Cell viability, cytotoxic activity, apoptosis and migration were examined by applying appropriate methods. Drug combination analysis was performed. RESULTS: Evodiamine treatment of cells decreased cell viability, and Bcl2 and phospho-AKT protein levels. Cytotoxic activity and the percentage of apoptotic cells increased. After co-treatment of wortmannin, cell viability, and phospho-AKT and Bcl2 protein levels decreased, and cytotoxic activity increased. In transforming growth factor-ß-treated cells, evodiamine attenuated variations in morphology, growth and migration, and increased p21 and p53 protein levels, and decreased ß-catenin, N-cadherin, vimentin, phospho-AKT, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 protein levels. When cells were treated with both evodiamine and chemotherapeutic agents, all combination index values were lower than 1.0. CONCLUSION: Evodiamine was cytotoxic towards thyroid carcinoma cells, and repression of AKT reinforced evodiamine-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, evodiamine ameliorated proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and synergized with chemotherapeutic agents.

Enigma Plays Roles in Survival of Thyroid Carcinoma Cells through PI3K/AKT Signaling and Survivin.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The aim of the present study was to assess the role of enigma protein in survival of thyroid carcinoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BCPAP and 8505C human thyroid carcinoma cells were used. Cell viability using CCK-8 assay, the percentage of dead cells using trypan blue assay, cytotoxic activity using cytotoxicity assay, cell growth rate and cell migration using wound-healing assay were performed. RESULTS: In enigma siRNA-transfected cells, cell viability, and the protein levels of AKT and survivin decreased. The percentage of dead cells, cytotoxic activity and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein levels increased. After transfection of p110α plasmid, the alterations in cell viability, the percentage of dead cells, cytotoxic activity, and protein levels of AKT, survivin and cleaved PARP were abrogated. Cell growth rate and cell migration were reduced with reduction of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) protein levels, as well as increased p53 and p21 protein levels. CONCLUSION: Enigma affects cell survival through modulation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/AKT signaling and survivin, and regulates cell proliferation and migration via involvement of MMP-2, MMP-9, p53 and p21 in thyroid carcinoma cells.

Synergistic cytotoxicity of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor gemigliptin with metformin in thyroid carcinoma cells.

PURPOSE: The influence of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, gemigliptin alone or in combination with metformin on survival, proliferation, and migration of thyroid carcinoma cells was investigated. METHODS: SW1736 and TPC-1 human thyroid carcinoma cells were used. RESULTS: Gemigliptin and metformin caused cell death in a dose-dependent manner. In cells treated with both gemigliptin and metformin, compared with metformin alone, all of the combination index values were lower than 1.0, suggesting synergistic cytotoxicity of two agents. Cell viability, the percentage of viable cells, ATP levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased; however, cytotoxic activity, and the protein levels of cleaved PARP, phospho-Akt and phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) increased. Administration of wortmannin, but not compound C, further decreased cell viability, and further increased cytotoxic activity. Moreover, compared with control, cell proliferation and migration as well as the protein levels of p53, p21, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 decreased. The decrement of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 protein levels was cell specific. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that gemigliptin induces cytotoxic activity, and has a synergistic activity with metformin in inducing cytotoxicity via regulation of Akt and AMPK in thyroid carcinoma cells. Furthermore, gemigliptin augments the inhibitory effect of metformin on proliferation and migration through involvement of matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, p53, p21, VCAM-1, and ERK in thyroid carcinoma cells.

The dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor gemigliptin alone or in combination with NVP-AUY922 has a cytotoxic activity in thyroid carcinoma cells.

The effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor gemigliptin alone or in combination with the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 (AUY922) on survival of thyroid carcinoma cells was elucidated. The SW1736 and TPC-1 human thyroid carcinoma cells were used. Cell viability, the percentage of viable cells, cytotoxic activity, the percentage of apoptotic cells, and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured. To evaluate the combined effect of gemigliptin with AUY922, the interactions were estimated by calculating combination index. Gemigliptin led to cell death in conjunction with overexpression of the phosphorylated protein levels of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. In gemigliptin-treated cells, wortmannin augmented cell death, whereas AZD6244 and compound C did not affect cell survival. Wortmannin decreased phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase protein levels, and AZD6244 increased phosphorylated Akt protein levels. Meanwhile, cotreatment of both gemigliptin and AUY922, compared with treatment of AUY922 alone, potentiated cell death. All the combination index values were lower than 1.0, suggesting synergistic cytotoxicity of gemigliptin with AUY922. In treatment of both gemigliptin and AUY922, compared with AUY922 alone, the protein levels of total and phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase increased without alteration in those of total extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and total adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. The percentage of apoptotic cells increased. The protein levels of Bax and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase increased, whereas Bcl2 protein levels were unchanged, resulting in increment of Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Transfection of Bax small interfering RNA did not cause any variation in cell viability, the percentage of viable cells and cytotoxic activity. Our results demonstrate that gemigliptin exerts a cytotoxic activity with concomitant alterations in expression of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in thyroid carcinoma cells. Furthermore, gemigliptin synergizes with AUY922 in induction of cytotoxicity via regulation of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase as well as involvement of Bcl2 family proteins in thyroid carcinoma cells.

Modified drainage of submasseteric space abscess.

Once a submasseteric space infection is diagnosed, the key to resolving the infection is via surgical intervention to evacuate the pus. Although it is possible and occasionally practical to drain the submasseteric space via an intraoral approach, an extraoral approach may sometimes be required. Surgeons have encountered complications such as facial nerve damage during extraoral incision and drainage procedures, and they have felt that extraoral dissection was very difficult. As such, an easier and simpler technique is needed. Our department recently modified various drainage techniques for submasseteric space abscesses. Damage to the marginal branch of the facial nerve did not occur, and this technique was very simple and rapid, such that a novice physician could perform this procedure. This modified technique was possible with trismus and under local anesthesia. After intraorally checking the position of the drain, the intraoral wound is closed with an absorbable suture and the drain is fixed to the extraoral skin. When a masseteric space infection is diagnosed, multiple space involvement is ruled out, and dependent drainage is required, this modified drainage technique can be useful.

Clinical Implications of Immunoglobulin G4 to Graves' Ophthalmopathy.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the relation of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) to clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients newly diagnosed with Graves' disease (GD) without or with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) and to analyze association of IgG4 with development and grade of GO in GD patients. METHODS: Sixty-four GD patients and 64 sex- and age-matched euthyroid subjects were enrolled. Serum levels of thyroid hormones, thyroid autoantibodies, immunoglobulin G (IgG), and IgG4 were measured, and ophthalmological and ultrasonographical evaluation was performed. RESULTS: In GD patients compared with euthyroid subjects, levels of thyroid hormones, thyroid autoantibodies and IgG4 as well as the IgG4/IgG ratio were elevated. GD patients having GO in comparison to not having GO were characterized by a female predominance; a high incidence of smoking history; high levels of T3, free T4, TSH receptor autoantibody (TRAb) and IgG4; and a high IgG4/IgG ratio after adjusting for sex. In GD patients, the IgG4 level was the independent factor associated with GO development on multivariate analysis. When severity and activity of GO were classified using the European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy criteria in GD patients with GO, IgG4 levels and IgG4/IgG ratio were elevated in the moderate-to-severe group compared with the mild group and in the active group compared with the inactive group. IgG4 levels and IgG4/IgG ratio became elevated as clinical activity score increased. IgG4 levels were positively correlated with TRAb levels. The high IgG4 group in comparison to the normal IgG4 group had a high incidence of family history of autoimmune thyroid disease, high levels of free T4, TRAb and IgG4, a high IgG4/IgG ratio and extensive hypoechogenicity. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that IgG4 levels are elevated in newly diagnosed GD patients compared with euthyroid subjects and in the presence of GO compared with the absence of GO. Moreover, our findings suggest that IgG4 levels are associated with the development and grade of GO in GD patients.

Cytotoxic effect of celastrol alone or in combination with paclitaxel on anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells.

The influence of celastrol alone or in combination with paclitaxel on survival of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells was investigated. In 8505C and SW1736 cells, after treatment of celastrol, cell viability decreased, and cytotoxic activity increased. The protein levels of heat shock protein (hsp) 90, hsp70, Bax, death receptor 5, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were elevated, and those of Bcl2, phospho-nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), and total and phospho-Akt were reduced. The endoplasmic reticulum stress markers expression and reactive oxygen species production were enhanced. In celastrol-treated cells, N-acetylcysteine increased cell viability and phospho-NF-κB protein levels, and decreased reactive oxygen species production and cytotoxic activity. The protein levels of cyclooxygenase 2, phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-JNK and Bip were diminished. After treatment of both celastrol and paclitaxel, compared with paclitaxel alone, cell viability and the percentage of viable cells were reduced, and death rate and cytotoxic activity were elevated. The protein levels of phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-JNK, Bip, and cyclooxygenase 2, and reactive oxygen species production were enhanced. All of the Combination Index values calculated by Chou-Talalay equation were lower than 1.0, implying the synergism between celastrol and paclitaxel in induction of cell death. In conclusion, our results suggest that celastrol induces cytotoxicity through involvement of Bcl2 family proteins and death receptor, and modulation of phospho-NF-κB, Akt, and mitogen-activated protein kinase in association with endoplasmic reticulum stress and reactive oxygen species production in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells. Moreover, celastrol synergizes with paclitaxel in induction of cytotoxicity in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells.

Doxorubicin has a synergistic cytotoxicity with cucurbitacin B in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells.

In this study, the combined effect of doxorubicin with cucurbitacin B on survival of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells was evaluated. For experiments, 8505C and CAL62 human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells were used. Cell viability, the percentage of viable cells, and cytotoxic activity were measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, multiplexed cytotoxicity assay, and cytotoxicity assay, respectively. Reactive oxygen species production was measured. In experiments, doxorubicin and cucurbitacin B reduced cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cotreatment of doxorubicin and cucurbitacin B, compared with treatment of doxorubicin alone, decreased the percentage of viable cells and increased cytotoxic activity. All of the combination index values were lower than 1.0, suggesting the synergism between doxorubicin and cucurbitacin B in induction of cytotoxicity. In cells treated with both doxorubicin and cucurbitacin B, compared with doxorubicin alone, the protein levels of cleaved poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase and cyclooxygenase 2 and reactive oxygen species production were enhanced. In contrast, the protein levels of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 2 and survivin and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 2/B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 2-associated x protein ratio were diminished. The protein levels of Janus kinase 2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 were reduced, while phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 protein levels were elevated without change in total extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 protein levels. These results suggest that doxorubicin synergizes with cucurbitacin B in induction of cytotoxicity in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells. Moreover, synergistic cytotoxicity of doxorubicin with cucurbitacin B is mediated by B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 2 family proteins, survivin, and reactive oxygen species and modulated by Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells.

Serum Chemerin Levels are Associated with Visceral Adiposity, Independent of Waist Circumference, in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Subjects.

PURPOSE: Chemerin has been suggested to be linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relationship between visceral adiposity and chemerin levels remains unclear in subjects with T2DM. In this study, we investigated the relationship between serum chemerin levels and visceral adiposity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 102 subjects newly diagnosed with T2DM. The relationships between serum chemerin levels and clinical and biochemical parameters were examined. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the predictable factors of serum chemerin levels. RESULTS: Serum chemerin levels showed significant positive correlations with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), visceral fat thickness (VFT), insulin levels, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and levels of triglycerides (log-transformed) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, while showing significant negative correlations with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. After adjusting for BMI and WC, VFT showed a significant relationship with serum chemerin levels (r=0.222, p=0.027). Moreover, VFT was an independent predictive factor of serum chemerin levels (ß=0.242, p=0.041). CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that chemerin is linked to metabolic syndrome components. Moreover, serum chemerin levels were associated significantly with obesity, especially visceral adipose tissue, in subjects with T2DM.

Diseases having an influence on inhibition of angiogenesis as risk factors of osteonecrosis of the jaw.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to retrospectively investigate the association of diseases having an influence on inhibition of angiogenesis such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus type II, hypercholesterolemia, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with the development of osteonecrosis of the jaws. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 135 patients were allocated into 4 groups of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) group (1A); non-BRONJ group (1B); osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) group (2A); and control group (2B), according to histologic results and use of bisphosphonate. This retrospective study was conducted with patients who were treated in one institute from 2012 to 2013. Fisher's exact test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the odds ratios of diseases having an influence on inhibition of angiogenesis for development of ONJ. RESULTS: The effects of diabetes and hypertension were not statistically significant on development of ONJ. When not considering bisphosphonate use, RA exhibited a high odds ratio of 3.23 (P=0.094), while hyperlipidemia showed an odds ratio of 2.10 (P=0.144) for development of ONJ. More than one disease that had an influence on inhibition of angiogenesis showed a statistically significant odds ratio of 2.54 (P=0.012) for development of ONJ. CONCLUSION: Patients without diseases having an influence on inhibition of angiogenesis were at less risk for developing ONJ.

Correlations between anatomic variations of maxillary sinus ostium and postoperative complication after sinus lifting.

OBJECTIVES: The maxillary sinus mucosa is reported to recover to preoperative sterility after sinus floor elevation. However, when drainage of maxillary sinus is impaired, recovery can be delayed and maxillary sinusitis can occur. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the correlations between anatomic variants that can interrupt the ostium of the maxillary sinus and incidence of complication after sinus lifting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects are 81 patients who underwent sinus lifting in Wonkwang University Dental Hospital (Iksan, Korea). Computed tomography (CT) images of the subjects were reviewed for presence of nasal septum deviation, anatomic variants of the middle turbinate, and Haller cells. Correlations between anatomic variations and occurrence of maxillary sinusitis were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Patients with anatomic variants of ostio-meatal units, such as deviated nasal septum, concha bullosa or paradoxical curvature of the middle turbinate, or Haller cells, showed a higher rate of complication. However, only presence of Haller cell showed statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Before sinus lifting, CT images are recommended to detect anatomic variants of the ostio-meatal complex. If disadvantageous anatomic variants are detected, the use of nasal decongestants should be considered to reduce the risk of postoperative sinusitis.

Advantages of intraoral and transconjunctival approaches for posterior displacement of a fractured zygomaticomaxillary complex.

BACKGROUND: Fracture of the zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) is one of the most common facial injuries. A previous study has performed 3D analyses of the parallel and rotational displacements that occur in a fractured ZMC. However, few studies have investigated adequate fixation methods according to these displacements. Here, we assessed whether specific approaches and fixation methods for displacement of ZMC fractures produce esthetic results. METHODS: Hospital records and pre- and post-surgical computed tomographic scans of patients treated for ZMC fractures at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, between January 2010 and December 2015, were selected. Data were analyzed according to the direction of displacement and post-reduction prognosis using a 3D software. RESULTS: With ZMC fractures, displacement in the posterior direction occurred most frequently, while displacement in the superior-inferior direction was rare. A reduction using a transconjunctival approach and an intraoral approach was statistically better than that using an intraoral approach, Gillies approach, and lateral canthotomy approach for a posterior displacement (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: When posterior displacement of a fractured ZMC occurs, use of an intraoral approach and transconjunctival approach simultaneously is recommended for reducing and fixing the displaced fragment accurately.