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PURPOSE: This study explored the validity of a new type of thermometer and parent satisfaction with the new device. This 24-hour continuous monitoring smart wearable wireless thermometer (TempTraq®) uses a very small semiconductor sensor with a thin patch-like shape. METHODS: We obtained 397 sets of TempTraq® axillary temperatures and tympanic temperatures from 44 pediatric patients. Agreement between the axillary and tympanic measurements, as well as the validity of the TempTraq® axillary temperatures, were evaluated. Satisfaction surveys were completed by 41 caregivers after the measurements. RESULTS: The TempTraq® axillary temperatures demonstrated a strong positive correlation with the tympanic temperatures. The Bland-Altman plot and analysis of TempTraq® axillary temperatures and tympanic temperatures showed that the mean difference was +0.45 â, the 95% limits of agreement were -0.57 to +1.46 â. Based on a tympanic temperature of 38 â, the results of validity of fever detection were sensitivity 0.85 and specificity 0.86. Satisfaction scores for TempTraq® temperature measurement were all > 4 points (satisfactory). CONCLUSION: TempTraq® smart axillary temperature measurement is an appropriate method for measuring children's temperatures since it was highly correlated to tympanic temperatures, had a reliable level of sensitivity and specificity, and could be used safely and conveniently.
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PURPOSE: This randomized controlled experimental study verified the educational effect of a mobile-based parental education program for preventing unintentional early childhood injuries. DESIGN AND METHODS: From August 2019 to September 2019, 167 participants were recruited from parenting portal sites and randomly assigned to an e-learning group (n = 59), an electronic document distribution (EDD) group (n = 53), and a control group with no intervention (n = 55). Participants self-reported data regarding their safety knowledge and behavior before and after the experiment. Each intervention group received an e-learning program and electronic educational documents for two weeks and a satisfaction survey. Using an ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model, the relevant e-learning contents were developed with the Storyline 360 program. The collected data were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA, 2-way ANOVA, and independent t-test. RESULTS: Results were as follows: (1) Postintervetion, no significant differences regarding safety knowledge were observed between the e-learning group, EDD group, and control group. (2) Postintervention, statistically significant differences regarding safety behaviors were observed between the three groups: 3.52 ± 0.28 (e-learning group), 3.51 ± 0.28 (EDD group), and 3.32 ± 0.25 (control group) (F = 10.091, p < .001). (3) No significant differences regarding education-related satisfaction were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The mobile-based educational program for preventing unintentional injuries positively affected safety behavior in this study. Mobile-based parental education programs could contribute toward effectively preventing unintentional injuries in early childhood because many parents can use these without time and space constraints.
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Parenting , Parents , Child, Preschool , Humans , Personal Satisfaction , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of relapse prevention interventions involving behavioral and pharmacological treatment among abstinent smokers. METHODS: This rapid review was conducted using MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, KMbase, and KoreaMed to identify studies published until June 20, 2020. The participants were abstinent smokers who quit smoking on their own, due to pregnancy, hospitalization, or by participating in a smoking cessation program. We found a systematic review that fit the objective of this study and included 81 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Studies that did not present information on smoking cessation status, had no control group, or used reward-based interventions were excluded. Random effect and fixed effect meta-analyses were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). In subgroup analyses, differences between subgroups were verified based on the participant setting, characteristics, intervention type, and intensity. RESULTS: Following screening, 44 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. The review reported no differences in the success rate of relapse prevention between the behavioral interventions. Pharmacotherapy interventions showed higher success rates (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.05-1.26; I2=40.71%), depending on prior abstinence duration and the drug type. CONCLUSIO: The results indicated that pharmacotherapy has a significant effect on preventing relapse among abstinent smokers.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral smoking cessation interventions among adolescents. METHODS: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, CINAHL, KoreaMed, and KMbase were searched from inception to June 2020. Systematic reviews (SRs) or meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were initially searched to perform a rapid SR. After selecting the final SR, RCTs after the publication year of the selected SR were searched. The primary outcome was smoking status after at least 6 months of follow-up, and the secondary outcome was smoking status at 4 weeks. Two reviewers independently assessed the selected studies' quality using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The meta-analysis utilized a Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect model reporting the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The subgroup analysis utilized Cochrane's Q. RESULTS: Thirty-two RCTs (11,637 participants) from a single SR were meta-analyzed. After 6 months of follow-up, the intervention group had significantly higher abstinence rates (RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.20-1.41; I2=26.46%). At 4 weeks of follow-up, the intervention group also had significantly higher abstinence rates (RR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.49-2.47; I2=0.00%). The subgroup analysis indicated a significant difference in the abstinence rate according to the study setting and the period between intervention completion and follow-up. CONCLUSION: This review showed that adolescent behavioral smoking cessation intervention programs significantly increased abstinence rates compared to the usual care.
