ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma associated with breast implant (i-ALCL) has been recently recognized as a distinct entity. Among 43 830 lymphomas registered in the French Lymphopath network since 2010, 300 breast lymphomas comprising 25 peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) were reviewed. Among PTCL, ALK-negative ALCL was the most frequent and all of them were associated with breast implants. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Since 2010, all i-ALCL cases were collected from different institutions through Lymphopath. Immuno-morphologic features, molecular data and clinical outcome of 19 i-ALCLs have been retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 61 years and the median length between breast implant and i-ALCL was 9 years. Most implants were silicone-filled and textured. Implant removal was performed in 17 out of 19 patients with additional treatment based on mostly CHOP or CHOP-like chemotherapy regimens (n = 10/19) or irradiation (n = 1/19). CHOP alone or ABVD following radiation without implant removal have been given in two patients. The two clinical presentations, i.e. effusion and less frequently tumor mass correlated with distinct histopathologic features: in situ i-ALCL (anaplastic cell proliferation confined to the fibrous capsule) and infiltrative i-ALCL (pleomorphic cells massively infiltrating adjacent tissue with eosinophils and sometimes Reed-Sternberg-like cells mimicking Hodgkin lymphoma). Malignant cells were CD30-positive, showed a variable staining for EMA and were ALK negative. Most cases had a cytotoxic T-cell immunophenotype with variable T-cell antigen loss and pSTAT3 nuclear expression. T-cell receptor genes were clonally rearranged in 13 out of 13 tested cases. After 18 months of median follow-up, the 2-year overall survival for in situ and infiltrative i-ALCL was 100% and 52.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In situ i-ALCLs have an indolent clinical course and generally remain free of disease after implant removal. However, infiltrative i-ALCLs could have a more aggressive clinical course that might require additional therapy to implant removal.
Subject(s)
Breast Implants/adverse effects , Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/pathology , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/pathology , Silicones/adverse effects , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase , Female , Hodgkin Disease/pathology , Humans , Immunophenotyping , Ki-1 Antigen/metabolism , Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/chemically induced , Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/mortality , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/chemically induced , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/mortality , Middle Aged , Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism , Retrospective Studies , STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism , T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Study of prognosis of duodenal endocrine tumors. METHODOLOGY: Retrospective study concerned 55 duodenal endocrine tumors discovered in biopsy or surgical specimens. Follow-up records available for 49 patients indicated that inconspicuous associated clinical manifestations were often found subsequently. Seven patients were classified as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and seven as multiple endocrine neoplasia (6 MEN I and 1 MEN II). RESULTS: Tumors were small (mean 1.28cm) and located preferentially in the first and second part of the duodenum. Fifty-four were well-differentiated and one poorly differentiated. Immunochemistry revealed 30 G-cell tumors (54.6%), 15 D-cell (27.3%), two plurihormonal (EC cell and G cell), and one GRH-cell, whereas seven could not be classified. Fifteen patients died (five in relation to their disease). Twenty-one had metastases (liver, nodes, lung), eight of whom are still alive. CONCLUSIONS: Eighty-eight percent of duodenal endocrine tumors were gastrinomas, small plurifocal tumors and somatostatinomas preferentially located in the ampullar region and diagnosed because of hematemesis or icterus. Size is an important prognostic factor in determining whether surgery is required. The prognosis is better for D- and G-cell tumors than pancreatic endocrine tumors. Duodenal endocrine tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia have a good prognosis, but can be associated with pancreatic plurihormonal tumors and metastases.
Subject(s)
Duodenal Neoplasms/surgery , Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1/surgery , Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a/surgery , Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome/surgery , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Biopsy , Duodenal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Duodenal Neoplasms/mortality , Duodenal Neoplasms/pathology , Duodenum/pathology , Duodenum/surgery , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Gastrectomy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1/diagnosis , Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1/mortality , Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1/pathology , Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a/diagnosis , Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a/mortality , Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a/pathology , Neoplasm Staging , Pancreaticoduodenectomy , Prognosis , Survival Rate , Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome/diagnosis , Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome/mortality , Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome/pathologyABSTRACT
We studied five cases of poorly differentiated follicular or papillary thyroid carcinomas. Immunohistochemical study revealed numerous ACE positive cells, also positive for calcitonin, ACTH, somatostatin or several of these peptides. These tumors containing both vesicular component and parafollicular cells are endocrine tumors of "mixed" or "intermediate" type. The diagnosis must be confirmed by immunohistochemistry but can be suggested by histological findings: abundant fibrous stroma, trabeculovesicular pattern, and swelled moderately acidophilic cells neighbouring vesicular cells. These facts argue in favor of a common-embryological origin of vesicular and parafollicular cells from ultimobranchial undifferentiated cells. Nevertheless such tumors must take place in thyroid neoplasia's classifications and an appropriate terminology remains to be precised.
