Diverse demands and resources among racially/ethnically diverse caregivers.

OBJECTIVES: The family caregiver population in the US is growing in conjunction with greater numbers of older adults with serious illness and complex care needs, and is becoming increasingly diverse. This study described and compared resources, demands, and health outcomes among diverse family caregivers by race/ethnicity. DESIGN: This study was a cross-sectional secondary analysis of nationally representative data collected for Black/African-American, Asian American & Pacific Islander, Latino/Hispanic and non-Latino/Hispanic white caregivers (n = 2,010) in the Home Alone Revisited Study. We described available resources (e.g. income, paid help, social support) and demands (e.g. medical/nursing task performance) by racial/ethnic group. Using survey-weighted logistic regression, we examined relationships of resources and demands with caregiver outcomes (i.e. heath status; strain; depressive symptoms) by race-ethnicity controlling for socio-demographic variables. RESULTS: Distribution of resources and demands was similar by race/ethnicity, except for higher income for non-Latino/Hispanic white caregivers. Nearly half assisted with personal care (47.5%) or medical/nursing tasks (49.7%). Higher social support and satisfaction with social relationships was associated with positive health outcomes regardless of race/ethnicity, while income was consistently associated with positive health outcomes only for non-Latino/Hispanic white caregivers. Medical/nursing task performance was significantly associated with negative health outcomes for Asian American & Pacific Islanders in multivariable models. DISCUSSION: Many caregiving demands and tasks are similar by race/ethnicity and represent considerable investment of time, energy and care. Differences in the effects of resources and demands by race/ethnicity should be explored in future research as they may have implications for assessment and planning of culturally and linguistically appropriate interventions.

Caring for a Person Living with Pain.

Nurses play a key role in supporting family caregivers.

Feasibility of a Family-Centered Hospital Intervention.

Approximately one half of the 40 million family caregivers in the United States are regularly performing medical/nursing tasks, with very little training from clinicians. The goal of the current project was to encourage health care and social service professionals to proactively engage family caregivers as partners in care. The phases of the Professional Partners Supporting Family Caregivers project and results of an intervention are presented. Five hospitals were selected to develop a family-centered intervention. Patients' and family caregivers' hospital experience was examined, as well as nurses' perception of their work environment specific to care of older adults and caregivers. The sample included five intervention sites in which patients, family caregivers, and nurses provided baseline post-intervention data. The four comparison sites included post-intervention data from patients, family caregivers, and nurses. The family-centered intervention shows promise in improving patients' hospital experience and nurses' perception of caring for older adults and their families. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43(6), 9-16.].