ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Worldwide studies on lung adenocarcinoma have demonstrated a genetic divergence of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway according to ethnicity, such as higher frequency of activated EGFR mutations among East Asian patients. However, such information is still lacking in some developing countries. METHODS: We investigated the frequency of EGFR mutations among Bangladeshi patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung. Fine-needle aspiration tissue samples were collected from 61 Bangladeshi patients. Polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism was performed on extracted DNA for mutational analysis of EGFR exons 19 and 21. RESULTS: EGFR mutations were found in 14 of 61 (23.0 %) Bangladeshi patients. There was no significant difference in EGFR mutation rate with regard to patient's age, sex, smoking history, clinical stage of lung cancer, subtypes of adenocarcinoma, and tumor differentiation. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that the EGFR mutation rate in Bangladeshi patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung was higher than in African-American, Arabian, and white Caucasian patients, and was lower than in East Asia.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology , Adenocarcinoma/genetics , DNA Mutational Analysis , ErbB Receptors/genetics , Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Adenocarcinoma of Lung , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Bangladesh , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Ethnicity , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Mutation , Neoplasm Staging , SmokingABSTRACT
Primary adenocarcinoma of the trachea is extremely rare and a standard treatment does not exist due to nonavailability of evidence-based randomized control studies. This paper reports the case of a 60-year-old male, who presented with cough and occasional respiratory distress. Bronchoscopic examination and a computed tomography scan revealed a soft tissue mass in the trachea arising from the posterior tracheal wall. Cytological examination and immunochemistry confirmed primary adenocarcinoma of the trachea. Excision of the tumor followed by three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy was performed, and a dose of 56 Gy was delivered to the primary site. Two and a half years after treatment, the patient has no clinical or radiological evidence of the disease, and no late complication has occurred.