Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics , Bone Marrow/ultrastructure , Female , Humans , Karyotyping , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Neoplasms/genetics , Animals , Chromosome Deletion , Humans , Leukemia/genetics , Lymphoma/genetics , Translocation, Genetic , TrisomySubject(s)
Anemia, Aplastic/pathology , Chromosome Deletion , Chromosomes, Human, 1-3 , Leukemia/pathology , Acute Disease , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , SyndromeABSTRACT
Division of myeloproliferative syndrome is recommended based on 195 observer cases: A) Secondary myeloproliferative syndrome usually accompanies marrow carcinosis. It is characterized by non-destructive embryonal-type myeloproliferation occurring even outside the marrow excepting lymph nodes as a rule. There are neither specific changes in karyogram nor in alkaline phosphatase positivity. B) Idiopathic myeloproliferative syndrome is characterized (in comparison to A) by dysplastic changes especially in megakaryocytic line; it develops slowly tending to malignancy, namely leukemia or erythroleukemia that keep (unlike spontaneous leukemia) more severe dysplastic changes of megakaryocytes. Alkaline phosphatase is increased, atypical karyogram is not changed in Ph 1 region. C) Malignant neoplastic myeloproliferation of panmyelosis type is a primary destructive process akin to myelosis. Alkaline phosphatase is decreased, there are typical Ph 1 changes in karyogram and tumorous lymph node infiltration. Secondary myeloproliferative syndrome follows rarely and a mixed picture can be observed then, of course without severe megakaryocytic dysplasia. D) Myelofibrosis is an uncharacteristic final picture of various origin which neither develops in myeloproliferative syndrome or substitutionary extramedullar hemopoesis. Hesitation in oncological typing of idiopathic myeloproliferative syndrome cannot influence its nosological individuality. Exceptional and unexpected positive markers (alkaline phosphatase, Ph 1) occur in diagnostical practice from time to time; being unexplained they hinder from precise typing.
Subject(s)
Myeloproliferative Disorders/pathology , Adult , Bone Marrow/pathology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Myeloproliferative Disorders/etiology , Primary Myelofibrosis/pathology , SyndromeSubject(s)
Bromodeoxyuridine , Chromosome Aberrations/diagnosis , Chromosome Banding/methods , Sex Chromosomes , X Chromosome , Adolescent , Adult , Chromosome Disorders , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The main effect of Ftorafur at the chromosomal level is the induction of chromatid and chromosome breaks, which is some pronounced in neoplastic or transformed cells than in normal cells. Different cell lines used in the study exhibited both in vitro and in vivo varying sensitivity to Ftorafur. Ftorafur does not increase the frequency of SCE.
Subject(s)
Chromosomes/drug effects , Crossing Over, Genetic , Fluorouracil/analogs & derivatives , Mutagens , Sister Chromatid Exchange , Tegafur/pharmacology , Animals , Burkitt Lymphoma , Cell Line , Chromosomes, Human/drug effects , Cricetinae , Culture Techniques , Fibroblasts , Humans , Lymphocytes , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental , MelanomaSubject(s)
Alkaline Phosphatase/blood , Turner Syndrome/complications , Adolescent , Humans , Male , Syndrome , Turner Syndrome/enzymologySubject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X , Female , Humans , Male , Translocation, GeneticSubject(s)
Cytogenetics , Chromosome Aberrations , Czechoslovakia , Humans , Karyotyping , Translocation, GeneticABSTRACT
The gonads or excisions there of obtained from 13 cases of early primary ovarian failure in 46,XX females subjected to explorative laparotomy have been examined microscopically, histochemically and biochemically. Clinically, the cases were characterized by either primary amenorrhoea or by one or several spontaneous menstruations followed by amenorrhoea until operation. Roentgenologically and macroscopically, the gonads were characterized as either "steak" gonads or hypoplastic ovaries. There were no associated somatic anomalies except for slight dysplastic bone changes and/or osteoporosis. Based on morphological findings, the gonads were grouped as follows. Type A ("dysgenetic" or "aplastic") gonads characterized by a complete absence of follicular apparatus or its remnants were composed of ovarian cortical-like stroma. Some of them contained hilus cells and rete structures. Type B gonads were severely hypoplastic ovaries differing from the previous ones by the presence of various active, but predominantly inactive derivatives of the follicular apparatus, such as scarce primordial or growing follicles, corpora albicantia or atretica. Type C gonads were designated as hypoplastic sclerocystic ovaries showing a microscopical pattern similar to that of the "Stein-Leventhal ovaries", with follicles, follicular cysts and predominantly perifollicular hyperthecosis. Biochemical investigations were based on incubation studies with labelled precursors. They permitted to conclude that steroid biosynthesis was severely affected in all the gonads examined, differing most markedly from the ordinary ovarian steroid biosynthesis in the A-type gonads, and being rather similar to that observed in the "Stein-Leventhal ovaries" in the C-type ones.