Bibliometrics and visualization analysis of EwE model based on CiteSpace.

To explore the historical evolution and current status of the EwE (Ecopath with Ecosim) modelling research, the core dataset and extended dataset were collected by topic retrieval and citation indexing methods from the "Web of Science" from 1984 to 2020. The bibliometric analysis and mapping knowledge were performed by CiteSpace software, focusing on literature distribution, research forces, research theme, and hotspot evolution. The results showed that the annual publications in the EwE model researches were increasing, covering multi-disciplinary fields. Christensen, Walters, and Pauly were representative scholars with an important role in model development and relevant international cooperation. In the early stage, EwE model was usually applied to solve ecosystem problems, including spatial-temporal dynamic of structure and function, and the ecosystem effects of fisheries. Currently, marine resource management, ecosystem modelling, marine protected areas and ecosystem indicators had become the key themes. The research hotspots shifted from model development and food web structure to ecosystem forecasting and resource management, which would provide scientific evidence for ecosystem-based aquatic resource management and the construction of protected area in marine.

[Management of large marine ecosystem based on ecosystem approach].

Large marine ecosystem (LME) is a large area of ocean characterized by distinct oceanology and ecology. Its natural characteristics require management based on ecosystem approach. A series of international treaties and regulations definitely or indirectly support that it should adopt ecosystem approach to manage LME to achieve the sustainable utilization of marine resources. In practices, some countries such as Canada, Australia, and U.S.A. have adopted ecosystem-based approach to manage their oceans, and some international organizations such as global environment fund committee have carried out a number of LME programs based on ecosystem approach. Aiming at the sustainable development of their fisheries, the regional organizations such as Caribbean Community have established regional fisheries mechanism. However, the adoption of ecosystem approach to manage LME is not only a scientific and legal issue, but also a political matter largely depending on the political will and the mutual cooperation degree of related countries.