[Validation of screening method based on EEG analysis for the risk assessment of psychiatric and behavioral disorders: a pilot study]. / Validatsiya skriningovogo metoda na osnove analiza EEG dlya otsenki riskov psikhicheskikh i povedencheskikh rasstroistv: pilotnoe issledovanie.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of the screening method based on EEG analysis using predictive analytics algorithms with the calculation of linear discriminant functions (LDFs), in comparison with a classification system based on psychometric self-report scales. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A comparative cross-sectional study with partial blinding involving healthy volunteers was conducted at two investigational sites. The calculated scores of LDFs used to assess risks of impulsivity, depression and anxiety acted as quantitative characteristics of subjects' mental state. Testing included completing psychometric scales. RESULTS: As a result of the performed validation of the original screening method based on EEG analysis in comparison with the scores of psychometric scales chosen as a reference method, satisfactory results were obtained with the best parameters of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detecting high levels of impulsivity associated with pronounced aggressiveness. Of considerable interest is also the direct correlation found between high levels of LDF impulsivity scores and high levels of self-rated aggression on a psychometric scale (BPAQ-24). CONCLUSION: The results open up the possibility of using the proposed method to predict a number of emotional and behavioral characteristics of subjects, including a high risk of aggressive behavior as part of professional selection.

[Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of SF-MPQ-2 and VAS for assessing the severity of pain syndrome in dental patients in the postoperative period]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz effektivnosti oprosnika SF-MPQ-2 i vizual'noi analogovoi shkaly dlya otsenki vyrazhennosti bolevogo sindroma u stomatologicheskikh patsientov v posleoperatsionnom periode.

OBJECTIVE: Conducting a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire-2 (SF-MPQ-2) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for assessing the severity of pain syndrome in dental patients in the postoperative period in dynamics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 51 patients who received dental surgical treatment. Two groups of patients were formed, depending on the type of surgery and the degree of trauma of the operation. Group 1 - low degree of injury - 28 patients; group 2 - high degree of injury - 23 patients. Patients independently filled out questionnaires at four stages of the study: before surgery, on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days after surgery as part of scheduled visits. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In patients of group 2, the severity of pain symptoms was higher than in patients of group 1 in terms of pain symptoms on SF-MPQ-2 at all stages of the study, except the day before surgery. At the same time, there were no differences with the indicators of the VAS scale at any of the stages of the study. The most informative indicators of SF-MPQ-2 are the total indicator MPQ-Sum and the constant pain indicator MPQ-Const, which were significantly higher in group 2 on the 1st day after surgery, taking into account the correction for gender and age. The highest level of coincidence of indicators on VAS and the total score on MPQ-Sum was revealed on the 5th day of the operation, regardless of the degree of trauma of the operation. CONCLUSION: The use of SF-MPQ-2 with a detailed description of pain sensations is the most acceptable way to assess the degree of pain syndrome in operative surgery, especially during the period when the severity of pain symptoms is maximum (in the first days of the postoperative period).

[An associations of possible genetic risk markers for Internet addiction with childhood trauma experience and personality traits in young adults : preliminary results]. / Svyaz' geneticheskikh markerov riska razvitiya internet-zavisimosti s detskim psikhotravmiruyushchim opytom i lichnostnymi osobennostyami u molodykh vzroslykh: predvaritel'nye rezul'taty.

OBJECTIVE: To study was to test an associations of the preliminary genetic risk markers for Internet addiction (IA) with clinical, psychological and personality characteristics, taking into account the childhood traumatic experience, in 44 IA persons compared with 120 healthy individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 164 participants: 44 individuals with IZ (group IZ), male and female, aged 16 to 30 years in the absence of diagnoses of mental health problems. diseases from rubrics F00-09 and F20-29 (ICD-10) and 120 healthy (control group). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We have found an associations of the preliminary IA genetic risk markers with some personality traits and behavioral characteristics (TCI-125, TIPI) and with the childhood trauma experience (ACE IQ, CTQ), both for healthy individuals and to a greater extent for IA individuals, that may suggests the possible effects of the gene-environment interaction on a risk of developing IA. The data obtained on the structure of associations between IA genetic risk markers and individual psychological characteristics under the significant influence of the childhood trauma experience allow us to proceed with the construction of models for IA risk prediction taking into account the "gene - environment" interactions.

[Clinical and psychological features of people with internet dependence: experience of a pilot study]. / Kliniko-psikhopatologicheskie osobennosti lits s internet-zavisimost'yu: opyt pilotnogo issledovaniya.

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of Internet addiction (IA) is growing steadily, especially among the younger generation. The purpose of this multicenter study was to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics, clinical varieties, and profile of psychopathological symptoms of mental disorders in patients with IA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 2 groups: the main group consisted of 44 people, aged 16 to 34 years, average age 22.00±0.66 years, 33 (75%) men, 11 (25%) women; the control group included 120 people, aged 19 to 30 years, average age 23.13±0.18 years, 90 (74.3%) men, 30 (26.7%) women. Groups were identified at the testing stage based on the total score on the Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS). The main group included individuals who scored CIAS 65 points or higher. The specially developed Unified Study Card, The Mini international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Beck Depression Questionnaire (BDI), the Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16), the Symptom Checklist-90-Questionnaire Revised (SCL-90-R). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were more people with secondary specialized education and unemployed in the main group. The family burden of addiction and psychiatric disorders did not differ in both groups, and the heredity of somatic diseases was lower in the IA group. In the IA group, a psychiatric diagnosis was made 9 times more often. The severity of affective and anxiety disorders was higher in the IA group, while the risk of psychosis was low that allows considering the symptoms of IA outside the framework of subpsychotic mental disorders. The features of the psychopathological symptoms of IA were: total «tension¼ of the psychopathological profile; a relatively uniform and slightly specific profile of psychopathological symptoms with a certain tendency to the prevalence of personality-related stress manifestations.

[An essential negative effect of a family history of substance use on readiness for drug dependence rehabilitation treatment in inpatients with addictions]. / Negativnoe vliianie semeinoi otiagoshchennosti na gotovnost' statsionarnykh patsientov s narkoticheskoi zavisimost'iu k prokhozhdeniiu reabilitatsionnoi programmy.

AIM: To reveal objective factors predicting the readiness of inpatient drug treatment patients to undergo a rehabilitation program. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a retrospective comparative study, drug-dependent individuals (n=199, 16.6% females, 83.4% men, 91.5% opioid-dependent) were studied. After conducting motivational activities based on cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, the premorbid, anamnestic, clinical, socio-demographic characteristics of patients were studied as possible predictors of readiness for rehabilitation using binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Family history of substance use reduced the probability of readiness for rehabilitation by >4,5 times (p<0.0001, Exp (B) = 4.577, CI 95% [2.0556, 10.190]). The influence of other factors was weaker and manifested itself only with their combinations (female sex + use of several psychoactive drugs; intravenous drug injection + polydrug addiction; non-remission course of disease + family history of substance use) which increased the likelihood of readiness for rehabilitation. There was no effect of social/demographic variables. CONCLUSION: Family history of substance use significantly reduces the likelihood of readiness for rehabilitation. The clinical severity of the disease, on the other hand, increases the chances of readiness. Patients with a family history of substance use represent a specific group of patients requiring maximum efforts in the process of motivation for rehabilitation.

[Combination of DAT and DBH gene polymorphisms with a family history of alcohol use disorders increases the risk of withdrawal seizures and delirium tremens during alcohol withdrawal in alcohol-dependent men]. / Sochetanie polimorfizma genov DAT i DBH s semeinoi otyagoshchennost'yu po alkogol'noi zavisimosti uvelichivaet risk razvitiya sudorozhnykh pristupov i alkogol'nykh psikhozov u muzhchin.

AIM: To explore the genetic influence of a family history of alcohol use disorders and the dopamine transporter SLC6A3 (DAT1) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene polymorphisms on the risk of severe complications (withdrawal seizures (AWS) and delirium tremens (DT)) during alcohol withdrawal in alcohol-dependent men. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We investigated the effects of 3 previously reported candidate genetic variations: 40-bp variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism and C/T exon 15 (rs27072) in the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of the SLC6A3(DAT1) gene, and -1021 C/T (rs1611115) of DBH gene in 266 alcohol-dependent Russian male inpatients in two groups by presence (SC group: AWS, DT, AWS+DT, n=130) or absence (n=136) of severe complications diagnosed by ICD-10 during current alcohol withdrawal. Clinically important information and a family history of alcohol use disorders (FH) were obtained by semi-structured interview. RESULTS: Patients in SC group more often have positive FH (54.6% vs. 33%, p=0.001) and their age at first alcohol use (FAU) was lower (16±3.53y.o vs. 17±1.66 y.o, p=0.001). Logistic regression revealed that FH predicts severe complications in total (р=0.001) and DT (р=0.003), FAU independently predicts severe complications in total (р=0.008), AWS (р=0.04), DT (р=0.032), AWS+DT (р=0.048) and every year of delay alcohol use decreases the risk by 18-30%. The gene polymorphisms interact with FAU to decrease the FAU influence on the risk of AWS (T variant of DAT (rs27072), р=0.04), (AWS+DT) and DT (T variant of DBH (rs1611115), р=0.023 and р=0.06). The T variant of DAT (rs27072) is associated with FAU (p=0.007) and increases the risk of (AWS+DT) (р=0.036), but decreases the risk of AWS (р=0.038) and of DT (р=0.021) too, but only in interaction with positive FH. The 9 repeat variant (9R) of DAT VNTR is associated with AWS (p=0.009), but the risk of AWS (р=0.004) and of SC in total (р=0.001) are elevated only in 9R carriers with positive FH. The 9R independently increases the risk of DT (р=0.048) and the effect become more robust in 9R carriers with high density of FH (р=0.014). The gene x gene interaction decreases the risk of DT (р=0.055). According to an analysis of total cohort of patients, the T variant of DBH (rs1611115) is associated with any kind of manifestation of delirium in alcohol-dependent men (p=0.039). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrate the genetic influence of a family history of alcohol use disorders and DAT and DBH gene polymorphisms on the risk of withdrawal seizures and delirium tremens. The interaction of genetic variations with positive family history provides the most robust effect, the interaction of genetic variations with the age at first alcohol use may «protect¼ their carriers from negative influence of this «behavioral¼ risk factor. Replication in large cohorts of patients is necessary to verify these findings for subsequent use in prevention programs.

[The 444G/A and -1021 C/T polymorphisms of the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase gene modulate the trajectory of alcohol dependence development].

AIM: To study the influence of 444 G/A (rs 1108580) and -1021 C/T (rs 1611115) polymorphisms of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene on clinical parameters of the trajectory of alcohol dependence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Authors studied 548 male inpatients, of Slavic ethnicity, with ICD-10 diagnosis of «alcohol dependence¼ (F-10.2). RESULTS: The effects of DBH * 444 G/A on the rate of formation of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), and DBH *-1021C/T on the age of onset of alcohol abuse with significant role of the age of first alcohol use were identified. In 444 G/A GG carriers, the development of AWS was accelerated since the beginning of alcohol abuse compared with AA carriers (p=0.026), AG carriers occupied an intermediate position. In 22.5% of GG carriers, AWS developed within 2 years (AA: 8.11%, p=0.005; AG: 17.67%, p=0.04). According to the results of linear regression analysis, in AG carriers the alcohol abuse (p=0.037) and the AWS (p=0.049) developed earlier than in AA carriers if the first alcohol use occured at the age of about 15 years. Among -1021C/T genotype carriers who began to abuse alcohol at an early age (before 20 years), there were 23.45% patients with CC genotype and only 11.97% with a T allele (genotypes CT+TT) (p=0.03), but T carriers began to abuse alcohol earlier than others (p=0.05) if the first alcohol use occurred at the age of about 16 years. CONCLUSION: The results can be used to search for genetic markers for prognosis of alcohol dependence development.

[Duration of therapeutic remission alcohol dependence: a role of dopamine system genes polymorphism and family history density]. / Dlitel'nost' terapevticheskoi remissii u bol'nykh s alkogol'noi zavisimost'iu: rol' polimorfizma genov dofaminovoi sistemy i stepeni semeinoi otiagoshchennosti.

AIM: A quantitative assessment of the impact of genetic factors (density of family history of alcohol dependence and dopamine system genes polymorphisms) on the average time to relapse (ATR) after alcohol dependence treatment (duration of therapeutic remission from alcohol dependence). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Authors studied 247 male Russian inpatients diagnosed with ICD-10 F10.2 who had at least two therapeutic remissions before the current hospitalization and 259 healthy controls. ATR and the density of family history of alcohol dependence were evaluated retrospectively according to the clinical interview. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The high density of family history (at least 2 people with alcohol problems among the blood relatives) and some dopamine system genes polymorphisms significantly affect the average time to relapse. An allele A9 of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT VNTR 40 bp) was associated (p=0.003; OR=1.73) with short (up to 12 months) average time to relapse. A trend toward association (p=0.052) was noted for dopamine receptor type 2 gene polymorphisms (rs1800497, rs6275). Patients with long-term ATR are genetically different from patients with short ATR by the set of variants of tyrosine hydroxylase gene (HUMTH01, p=0.002; OR=3.08) and from the control group by the genotype LH of the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (rs4680, p=0.02; OR=2.33). Some other sets of HUMTH01 variants (p=0.0001; OR=2.38) and the dopamine receptor type 4 (DRD4 VNTR 48 bp, p=0.055) may have protective properties with regard to short ATR. Polymorphisms (rs1108580, rs1611115) of the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase gene were not related to the ATR.

[A quantitative analysis of the effect of a family history of addiction on clinical indices of the development of heroin dependence]. / Kolichestvennyi analiz vliianiia semeinoi otiagoshchennosti po narkologicheskim zabolevaniiam na klinicheskie pokazateli razvitiia zavisimosti ot geroina.

UNLABELLED: Objective. To study the effect of a family history of addiction on the development of addiction (heroin|) in respect of age, dynamic (duration of searching for psychoactive substances, first use, beginning of systematic use and development of abstinent syndrome) and qualitative (therapeutic resistance, remissions) parameters. Material and methods. Authors examined 127 male Russian unrelated patients, mean age 27.3±4.4 years, with ICD-10 diagnosis Opioid Dependence (F11.2). RESULTS: A family history of addictions (FHA), mainly of alcoholism, was recorded in 60% of patients. Spearmen's correlation analysis revealed that the differences were related with FHA. Patients with no FHA differed from those who had more than 2 relatives with addictions. Patients having one relative with the diagnosis of addiction had an intermediate position. In the group with no FHA, patient's age had no effect on the disease course, therapeutic resistance; the duration of therapeutic remission was correlated with the time of transition from alcohol consumption to heroin addiction. On contrast, in patients with FHA, age and dynamic parameters were significantly correlated; the duration of remission was determined by the time needed for the development of addiction and the appearance of abstinent syndrome. Conclusion. The results provide evidence for existence of several forms of the disease related to the impact of genetic factors. Further studies will help to elucidate a specific clinical phenotype of the disease and its "hereditary" forms.

[Association study of the Val158Met polymorphism of the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene and alcoholism and heroin dependence: the role of a family history].

The aim of this study was to investigate the association the Val158Met polymorphism of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene and predisposition to alcoholism and heroin dependence. The authors genotyped DNA samples from 964 Russian males (395 alcoholics, 243 heroin addicts and 326 healthy controls). The association between the Val158Met COMT polymorphism and alcoholism was found in males with high density of family history (two or more blood relatives with alcoholism within the family). In this group, the frequency of a L (Met) allele was significantly higher in comparison with controls (p=0,001), patients without family history (p=0,034) and patients with the mild density of family history (p=0,0005). The frequency of the HH (ValVal) genotype was reduced as well compared to the controls (p=0,003). In the group of heroin addicts with the mild density of family history, there was a trend to lower frequency of the HH genotype (p=0,058) compared to patients without family history. The results suggest that the functional Val158Met COMT polymorphism is one of the significant markers of genetic predisposition to addiction diseases.