ABSTRACT
The main aim of this work was to identify semiochemicals from the jewel beetle Coraebus undatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) that may aid in the improvement of current monitoring tools. First, HS-SPME collections revealed that individually sampled adults (>7 days old) of both sexes release the spiroacetal 1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane (olean). Electroantennographic recordings from both sexes exposed to increasing amounts of olean followed a dose-dependent pattern, with females being more responsive than males to the highest amount of the compound (100 µg). In double-choice assays, adults older than seven days were significantly attracted to olean, whereas this attraction was not detected in insects aged less than seven days. Indeed, a repellent effect was observed in young females. Subsequent field trials employing sticky purple prism traps revealed that there were no differences among the number of insects caught in control and olean-baited traps at two different release rates (0.75 and 3.75 mg/day). Interestingly, all the trapped specimens were determined as mated females, regardless of the presence of olean. Overall, these findings provide a basis for unraveling the chemical ecology of the species, although further research is still needed to determine the specific role of this compound within the chemical communication of the species.
ABSTRACT
The Moroccan locust, Dociostaurus maroccanus (Thunberg, 1815) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), is a polyphagous pest capable of inflicting large losses in agriculture under favorable environmental and climatic conditions. Currently, control of the pest relies solely on the application of conventional insecticides that have negative effects on the environment and human safety. In the search for a more rational, environmentally acceptable approach for locust control, we have previously reported that ( Z/ E)-phytal (1) is a male-produced candidate sex pheromone of this acridid. This molecule, with two stereogenic centers at C-7 and C-11, has four different diastereomers along with the Z/ E stereochemistry of the double bond at C-2. In this paper, we present for the first time the enantioselective synthesis of the four diastereomers of ( E)-phytal and their electrophysiological and behavioral activity on males and females. Our results demonstrate that the ( R, R)-phytal is the most active diastereomer in both assays, significantly attracting females in a double-choice Y olfactometer, and confirming the previous chromatographic assignment as component of the sex pheromone of the Moroccan locust.
Subject(s)
Aldehydes/chemical synthesis , Aldehydes/pharmacology , Diterpenes/chemical synthesis , Diterpenes/pharmacology , Pheromones/chemical synthesis , Pheromones/pharmacology , Aldehydes/chemistry , Animals , Diterpenes/chemistry , Female , Grasshoppers/drug effects , Grasshoppers/physiology , Male , Pheromones/chemistry , Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
The genus Miridiba is here reviewed on the basis of external morphological and genital characters. This genus now contains 27 species, eight of which are new transfers from Holotrichia Hope, 1837; Holotrichia (Pledina) ; Melolontha Fabricius, 1775; and Neodontocnema . A type series of thirteen species is designed. Hippotrichia and Neodontocnema are described in detail.
Subject(s)
Coleoptera/anatomy & histology , Coleoptera/classification , Genitalia/anatomy & histology , Animals , Demography , Extremities/anatomy & histology , Head/anatomy & histology , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
A new genus and two species of Melolonthinae from Honduras and Nicaragua are described. A phylogenetic analysis, carried out using morphological characters, suggests that Catrachia is a strongly supported monophyletic group. Catrachia is therefore established as a new genus, constituted by two new species, Catrachia mariana and Catrachia nica.
En este trabajo se describe el género Catrachia y dos especies nuevas, Catrachia mariana y Catrachia nica de Honduras y Nicaragua respectivamente. En análisis filogenético basado en caracteres morfológicos demostró que Catrachia es un grupo monofilético fuertemente soportado lo cual permite su consideración como género nuevo.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Coleoptera/classification , Coleoptera/genetics , Phylogeny , Coleoptera/anatomy & histology , Population Density , Species Specificity , Honduras , NicaraguaABSTRACT
A new genus and two species of Melolonthinae from Honduras and Nicaragua are described. A phylogenetic analysis, carried out using morphological characters, suggests that Catrachia is a strongly supported monophyletic group. Catrachia is therefore established as a new genus, constituted by two new species, Catrachia mariana and Catrachia nica.
