ABSTRACT
¿Cuándo se infrahumaniza más al exogrupo que nos amenaza? Efectos de la ambigüedad de la situación y de la empatía con el endogrupo. Los estudios sobre infrahumanización han comprobado que las personas atribuyen a su grupo ciertas características típicamente humanas, como la capacidad de experimentar sentimientos. Este sesgo les lleva a privar al exogrupo de dicha capacidad y, en consecuencia, a infrahumanizarlo. Sin embargo, debe haber condiciones en las que la infrahumanización del exogrupo se intensifique. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar si algunas características de una situación de amenaza influyen en el grado en que el endogrupo infrahumaniza al exogrupo. Para ello se construyeron dos historias en las que el exogrupo cometía una acción violenta contra el endogrupo y en las que se manipulaba tanto el grado de certeza sobre la autoría del hecho como el nivel de empatía hacia la víctima. Los resultados muestran que cuando hay empatía con la víctima y existe cierta ambigüedad sobre la autoría, el grado de infrahumanización del exogrupo es mayor
Infrahumanization researchs have shown that people attribute their ingroup exclusively human features, for example, the ability to experience secondary emotions. This bias lead people to deny this ability to outgroup and, consequently, to infrahumanize them. However, it would have conditions in which the infrahumanization is intensified. The aim of this study is to determine if there are characteristics in a threatening situation that influence in the level in which ingroup infrahumanize the outgroup. Two histories were constructed; in them, the outgroup committed a violent action against the ingroup, and asthe degree of certainty about the perpetration as the level of empathy with the victim were manipulated. The results show that when there are empathy with the victim and ambiguity about the perpetration, the infrahumanization to outgroup is higher
Subject(s)
Humans , Violence/psychology , Hazards , Disaster Vulnerability , Dehumanization , Empathy , Crime Victims/psychologyABSTRACT
La presente investigación tiene un doble objetivo. Primero, probar la relación entre las diferencias percibidas entre el endo y el exogrupo y la ansiedad que experimentan los miembros del primero en sus relaciones con los segundos. Segundo, comprobar el papel moderador y/o mediador de una serie de variables relevantes en la literatura del prejuicio intergrupal en dicha relación. Para este segundo objetivo se tuvieron en cuenta los requisitos exigidos por Baron y Kenny (1986). El análisis se realiza desde la perspectiva del grupo minoritario concretamente, inmigrantes marroquíes residentes en la provincia de Almería. Los resultados confirman el papel moderador de las variables presión hacia la asimilación y percepción de xenofobia y el papel mediador de las variables actitud de los inmigrantes hacia los autóctonos y paranoia social
This research has two aims: first, to determine the relationship between the intergroup differences perceived and the anxiety experienced by ingroup members in their contact with members of the outgroup. Second, to examine the moderator and/or mediator role of a series of variables considered relevant in the literature on intergroup prejudice, take into account Baron and Kennys (1986) requeriments. This analysis is carried out from the perspective of the minority group, in this case Moroccan inmigrants to Almería. The results confirm the moderating role of the variables pressure to assimilate and perception of xenophobia and the mediating role of inmigrants attitude towards local people and social paranoia
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Social Perception , Hostility , Prejudice , Transients and Migrants/psychology , Ethnicity/psychology , Interpersonal Relations , Anxiety/psychology , Equity in Access to Health Services , Social Control PoliciesABSTRACT
Infrahumanization researchs have shown that people attribute their ingroup exclusively human features, for example, the ability to experience secondary emotions. This bias lead people to deny this ability to outgroup and, consequently, to infrahumanize them. However, it would have conditions in which the infrahumanization is intensified. The aim of this study is to determine if there are characteristics in a threatening situation that influence in the level in which ingroup infrahumanize the outgroup. Two histories were constructed; in them, the outgroup committed a violent action against the ingroup, and as the degree of certainty about the perpetration, so the level of empathy with the victim were manipulated. The results show that when there are empathy with the victim and ambiguity about the perpetration, the infrahumanization to outgroup is higher.
Subject(s)
Dehumanization , Empathy , Mass Behavior , Prejudice , Uncertainty , Adult , Attitude , Conflict, Psychological , Crime Victims/psychology , Emotions , Female , Humans , Male , Peer Group , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
This research has two aims: first, to determine the relationship between the intergroup differences perceived and the anxiety experienced by ingroup members in their contact with members of the outgroup. Second, to examine the moderator and/or mediator role of a series of variables considered relevant in the literature on intergroup prejudice, take into account Baron and Kenny's (1986) requeriments. This analysis is carried out from the perspective of the minority group, in this case Moroccan inmigrants to Almería. The results confirm the moderating role of the variables pressure to assimilate and perception of xenophobia and the mediating role of inmigrants' attitude towards local people and social paranoia.
Subject(s)
Anxiety/etiology , Emigration and Immigration , Group Processes , Models, Psychological , Prejudice , Social Perception , Acculturation , Adult , Anxiety/psychology , Attitude , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Morocco/ethnology , Paranoid Disorders/etiology , Paranoid Disorders/psychology , Social Conformity , Spain , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
En la presente investigación se estudia el efecto que tienen las identidades con distinto nivel de inclusividad en la actitud de rechazo hacia exogrupos relevantes. Para ello se parte de dos supuestos principales, primero, que las personas tienen múltiples identidades que pueden estructurarse de manera jerárquica y, segundo, que éstas tienen una fuerte dependencia contextual. Las dos investigaciones realizadas muestran, en consonancia con las hipótesis de partida, que las categorías altamente inclusivas(p. ej., europeo) van asociadas a niveles más bajos de prejuicio hacia el exogrupo que las categorías menos inclusivas (p. ej., español). Los resultados se discuten a la luz de las teorías de la categorización (AU)
The effects of identities with different levels of inclusion in prejudice towards out groups. In this paper we study the effects that identities with different levels of inclusion have on attitudes towards relevants out groups. We start from two main assumptions. First, people have multiple identities, which can be structured hierarchically. Second, identities have a contextdependent nature. The two studies carried out showed, in support of our hypothesis, that more inclusive categories (e. g., European) are associated with less prejudice towards out groups than less inclusive categories (e. g., Spanish). The results are discussed in the light of several categorization theories (AU)
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Adolescent , Humans , Prejudice , Social Identification , Ego , Ethnicity , Surveys and Questionnaires , PrejudiceABSTRACT
El presente estudio analiza el papel de la semejanza intergrupal y la identidad en las relaciones intergrupales. Se trata de determinar la relación de la percepción de semejanza endo-exogrupal y la identidad endogrupal, con las actitudes hacia varios grupos de inmigrantes. Para ello, 400 estudiantes de Secundaria respondieron un cuestionario compuesto por tres escalas: identificación con el endogrupo, similitud intergrupal y una escala de distancia social. El análisis multidimensional de las escalas de similitud mostró que las personas atienden fundamentalmente a dos dimensiones: la similitud de estatus y la similitud actitudinal o cultural. Estas dimensiones permitieron organizar a los inmigrantes en tres categorías: grupos semejantes grupos diferentes de alto estatus y grupos diferentes de bajo estatus. Finalmente, el análisis de las respuestas a las escalas de distancia social indicó que es la semejanza intergrupal la que explica un porcentaje mayor de su varianza (AU)
This study examines the role played by intergroup similarity and identity in intergroup relations. The main purpose was to determine the relation between ingroup/outgroup perceived similarity and ingroup identification, with attitudes towards several immigrants groups. 400 secondary school students answered a questionnaire composed by three scales: ingroup identification, perceived intergroup similarity, and social distance. Multidimensional analysis of similarity scales showed that people basically employ two dimensions: status similarity and attitudinal similarity. These two dimensions allowed to determine three outgroup categories: similar groups, high status dissimilar groups and low status dissimilar group. Lastly, the analysis of the answer to social distances scales showed that similarity explains the greatest percentage of variance (AU)
