Tubular Adenoma Arising Within a Rectosigmoid Xanthoma: A Case Report.

Colonic xanthomas are a rare finding, particularly when combined with a tubular adenoma in a single polyp. While transformation to malignancy is not thought to be higher than that of a tubular adenoma alone, there is still concern as to the pathophysiology of xanthoma formation within the colon and what that may mean for patient outcomes. Here, we present a patient undergoing a routine screening colonoscopy with the removal of a rectosigmoid polyp consistent with xanthoma and tubular adenoma histopathology. Proper follow-up for identification of possible metabolic derangements and increased colonic surveillance is recommended to mitigate the risk of further xanthoma or adenocarcinoma formation.

Deep Venous Thrombosis Within a Complete Duplication of the Left Femoral Vein.

Venous duplications, particularly in the femoral vein, are rare anatomical variations that can complicate the clinical presentation and management of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). This case describes an elderly female who was diagnosed by her primary care physician with a left lower extremity DVT one week prior to her presentation and had been prescribed Xarelto. Despite strict adherence to therapy, her left leg pain, swelling, and discoloration worsened, prompting her hospital admission. On physical examination, her left leg was markedly swollen, violaceous, and tender. A repeat compression ultrasound upon admission revealed an occlusive thrombus within the left common femoral vein. Given the diagnosis of phlegmasia, cerulea dolens, the patient was at risk for irreversible venous gangrene and possible limb loss. Therefore, she was taken to the operating room for venography and a mechanical thrombectomy. Venography of the left lower extremity uncovered an extensive thrombus within a complete duplication of the left femoral vein, as well as in the left common femoral and iliac veins. Thrombosis in a duplicated femoral vein, though rare, is a significant clinical entity. This case highlights the importance of considering anatomical anomalies in patients with refractory symptoms and emphasizes the role of detailed imaging for accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment.