ABSTRACT
Cellular growth is under the control of certain molecules such as cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases. Dysregulation of these proteins disrupt cell cycle and may trigger malignant transformation. Cyclins and kinase inhibitors also play essential roles in endometrial cellular proliferation. But the exact roles of these mediators in the disease process is not clear. We evaluated expression of cyclin A, cyclin E and p27 in normal, hyperplastic and malignant endometrial samples assuming different expression patterns in physiological and pathological processes. A total of 75 patients with histopathological diagnosis of normal proliferative, hyperplastic or malignant endometrial samples were evaluated with different cellular proliferation markers, cyclin A, cyclin E and p27. For cyclin E, endometrial cancer samples had higher rate of immunoreactivity than normal proliferative and hyperplastic endometrial samples. Staining properties for cyclin A were comparable for three groups. However, p27 immunoreactivity decreased progressively as lesions progress from proliferative benign endometrium to frank carcinoma. Further large-scale studies with clinical follow-up will reveal the exact role of cyclins on endometrial carcinogenesis.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma/metabolism , Cyclin A/metabolism , Cyclin E/metabolism , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27/metabolism , Endometrial Hyperplasia/metabolism , Endometrial Neoplasms/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
This retrospective study was carried out on 15 patients who underwent laparoscopy for the removal of a mislocated IUD from 2003 to 2009. The mean duration of usage of an IUD was 16.1 months. The IUD was found in the Pouch of Douglas in six patients; in the posterior wall of the uterus in three patients; in the adnexa in three patients; in the omentum in two patients and it was embedded in the rectal serosa in one patient. The types of the IUDs were TCu-380A (n = 13) and Mirena(®) (n = 2). The mean laparoscopic operation time was 25 min. No major complications occurred. A second ancillary port was required in three patients. All patients were discharged within 24 h. Laparoscopic removal of the intra-abdominal IUD must be the first choice of therapy. If possible, a single ancillary port should be preferred for the removal of mislocated IUDs. We advise that surgical removal and surgical risk should be discussed with the patients, even if asymptomatic.
Subject(s)
Abdomen , Foreign Bodies/surgery , Intrauterine Devices , Laparoscopy , Adnexa Uteri , Adult , Douglas' Pouch , Female , Foreign Bodies/diagnostic imaging , Foreign Bodies/diet therapy , Humans , Intrauterine Device Migration , Intrauterine Devices/adverse effects , Middle Aged , Omentum , Radiography , Retrospective Studies , Ultrasonography , UterusABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the surgical outcome of 65 women with imperforate hymen treated with a central surgical incision and insertion of a Foley catheter. DESIGN: A prospective study. SETTING: The study was carried out at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Meram Medicine, Selcuk University, between 1 January 1996 and 30 June 2006. POPULATION: A total of 65 women diagnosed as imperforate hymen. METHODS: A central oval incision was performed to imperforate hymenal membrane, then 16F Foley catheter was protruded and the balloon was insufflated. Catheter was removed after 2 weeks duration. Estrogen cream was prescribed to all women for application onto hymenal structure for 2 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Efficacy of procedure in treatment of imperforate hymen, preserving hymenal structural integrity that is accepted as important for virginity in some societies. RESULTS: After the procedure, hymenal orifice created remained open and intact in all women except two women. Closure of artificially created hymenal orifice in these two women was believed to be related to inappropriate administration of estrogen cream. Subsequent treatment with local estrogen treatment results in the hymenal orifice remaining opened in these two women. CONCLUSIONS: We have previously reported the technique in 2002, but now we are able to demonstrate results of our technique in an expanded number of women. This technique is less invasive than other methods and prevents many social problems related to virginity by preventing destruction of the integrity of the hymenal structure and providing an annular-intact hymenal ring.
Subject(s)
Catheterization/methods , Hymen , Vaginal Diseases/therapy , Adolescent , Amenorrhea/etiology , Amenorrhea/therapy , Female , Humans , Pelvic Pain/etiology , Pelvic Pain/therapy , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and side effects of Implanon used for long-term contraception. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Prospective study of 80 patients who used Implanon for long-term contraception between January 2004 and January 2006. Side effects, efficacy and removals were recorded. RESULTS: Amenorrhoea, infrequent bleeding and frequent bleeding were reported by 33 (41.25%), 19 (23.75%) and 14 patients (17.5%), respectively. Non-menstrual side effects comprised breast tenderness in 15 patients (18.75%), acne in eight (10%), headache and dizziness in three (3.75%); depressive mood disorders, pelvic pain and loss of libido were mentioned each by two of the women (2.5%). During the study period, Implanon was removed from 20 participants. No problem was encountered during its placement or removal. CONCLUSION: Patients considering use of Implanon must be carefully selected and informed about its expected side effects before placement.