Morbidity and mortality of emergency surgery in octogenarian patient.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the health outcomes (postoperative morbidity and mortality) and the functional status at discharge of elderly patients older than 80 years who underwent emergency surgery. METHOD: Patients > 80 years of age who underwent emergency surgery during one year at the Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain. Preoperative data (age, sex, type of surgery, comorbidity) and postoperative data (complications) were evaluated, as well as in-hospital mortality, at 30 days and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: Five-hundred-sixty-eight patients underwent emergency surgery between 2018 and 2019. After the review, 407 patients were included in the study. Average age: 86.9 years. Women 61.7%. Mean hospital stay: 10.4 days. Traumatic interventions 41.3%, vascular surgery 19.7%, general-digestive surgery 25.3%. Medium ASA risk: 2.88. Functional status at discharge: 3.15. Postoperative complications: Clavien-Dindo I 40.8%, II 40.3%, IIIA 3.4%, IIIB 2.5%, IVA 3.9%, IVB 2.0% and V 7.1%. Hospital mortality 7.1%, 30-day mortality 10.3%, mortality at 6 months 24.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Patients > 80 years of age undergoing urgent surgery have high preoperative comorbidity, postoperative complications, and high mortality at 30 days and 6 months after surgery. This mortality is more significant in those ASA IV, nonagenarians and those undergoing high-risk surgery.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar los resultados en salud (morbilidad y mortalidad posoperatorias) y el estado funcional al alta de los pacientes mayores de 80 años sometidos a cirugía de urgencia. MÉTODO: Pacientes de edad > 80 años sometidos a cirugía de urgencia durante 1 año en el Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, España. Se evaluaron datos preoperatorios (edad, sexo, tipo de cirugía, comorbilidad) y posoperatorios (complicaciones), así como mortalidad hospitalaria, a los 30 días y a los 6 meses de la cirugía. RESULTADOS: En 2018-2019 fueron operados de urgencia 568 pacientes, de los cuales 407 fueron incluidos en el estudio. Edad media: 86.9 años. El 61.7% fueron mujeres. Estancia media hospitalaria: 10.4 días. El 41.3% fueron intervenciones traumatológicas, el 19.7% cirugía vascular, el 25.3% cirugía general-digestiva. Riesgo ASA medio: 2.88. Estado funcional al alta: 3.15. Complicaciones posoperatorias: Clavien-Dindo I 40.8%, II 40.3%, IIIA 3.4%, IIIB 2.5%, IVA 3.9%, IVB 2.0% y V 7.1%. Mortalidad: hospitalaria 7.1%, a los 30 días 10.3% y a los 6 meses 24.6%. CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes > 80 años sometidos a cirugía urgente presentan elevada comorbilidad preoperatoria, complicaciones posoperatorias y elevada mortalidad a 30 días y 6 meses de la cirugía. Esta mortalidad es más significativa en los ASA IV, nonagenarios y sometidos a cirugía de alto riesgo.

[Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the rectum: Report of a case]. / Mucosa gástrica heterotópica en el recto: reporte de un caso.

BACKGROUND: Ectopic gastric mucosa has been described in different locations of the digestive tract, but that of the rectum is the least frequent. CLINICAL CASE: The case is described of a 48 year-old woman being investigated by the gastrointestinal department due to rectal bleeding and rectal tenesmus. Colonoscopy showed a diverticular cavity 3 cm, which was reported by histology as fundic-type heterotopic gastric mucosa. Barium enema and abdominopelvic CT showed a diverticular image at level of the right posterolateral wall of the rectal ampulla. Trans-rectal diverticulectomy was performed with primary closure of the resulting mucosal defect. The surgical specimen showed areas of gastric epithelium with no signs of atypia. CONCLUSIONS: It is not known whether the origin of heterotopic gastric mucosa occurs during foetal development or is the result of abnormal regeneration under inflammatory conditions. It is usually clinically asymptomatic or presents as haematochezia, especially in cases where gastric acid is being produced. In these cases there must be an initial treatment with proton pump inhibitors, although the definitive treatment is always surgical or endoscopic excision of the mucosa.

[Splenic artery aneurysm. Report of a case]. / Aneurisma de arteria esplénica. A propósito de un caso.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of splenic artery aneurysm is not well known because they are often asymptomatic. CLINICAL CASE: The case is presented of a 40 year-old woman diagnosed with a splenic artery aneurysm. She was clinically asymptomatic. A three-dimensional angiographic study was performed. The artery embolisation was rejected, according to the results of the study; thus it was decided to perform a laparoscopic splenic-aneurysmectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Splenic artery aneurysms may present with non-specific symptoms, such as abdominal pain or anorexia. However 2-10% of aneurysms debut as spontaneous rupture. For this reason treatment is indicated in symptomatic aneurysms or those with rupture risk factors. In these cases there are different possibilities, such as therapeutic embolisation, endovascular stenting or surgery. Surgical approach varies depending on the location of the aneurysm in the splenic artery, enabling aneurysmectomy, splenic-aneurysmectomy, or aneurysm exclusion to be performed.

New surgical approach of retrorectal cystic hamartoma using transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) / Nova abordagem cirúrgica do hamartoma cístico retrorretal usando cirurgia transanal minimamente invasiva (TAMIS)

Introduction: Tailgut cysts or cystic hamartomas are rare developmental tumors of the pre-sacral space. Their true incidence is not well known but we must think on it when we have a patient with a multicystic uncapsulated tumor at presacral space. Tailgut cysts are often asymptomatic, and in other cases present with chronic perineal pain, constipation or rectal tenesmus. They must be treated to avoid complications such as infections (perianal fistula or abscess) and malignant degenerations (usually adenocarcinoma). Case report: One patient with anal pain was diagnosed with a perianal abscess. He was operated but at the second month review a MRI revealed a multilocular lesion in the presacral suggesting the presence of a retrorectal cystic hamartoma. An elective operation was performed by endoanal surgical approach using TAMIS. En bloc resection of the cyst was achieved with safe margins. The pathology result reported retrorectal cystic hamartoma. The patient was asymptomatic with no signs of recurrence in subsequent controls. Our experience, despite being based on one case, is evidence that TAMIS (Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery) allows a minimally invasive dissection with similar benefits as the use of TEM/TEO devices. (AU)

Introdução: Tail gut cysts ou hamartomas císticos são tumores raros de desenvolvimento do espaço pré-sacral. Sua verdadeira incidência não é bem conhecida, mas devemos pensarnele quando temos um paciente com um tumor uncapsulated multicística no espaço présacral. Hamartomas císticos são muitas vezes assintomáticas, em outros casos, apresentase com dor perineal crônica, constipação ou tenesmo retal. Eles devem ser tratados para evitar complicações, como infecções (fístula perianal ou abscesso) e degenerações malignas (geralmente adenocarcinoma). Relato de Caso: Um paciente com dor anal foi diagnosticado com um abscesso perianal. Ele foi operado, mas na revisão do segundo mês uma ressonância magnética revelou uma lesão multilocular no pré-sacral, sugerindo a presença de um hamartoma cístico retrorretal. Uma operação eletiva foi realizada por abordagem cirúrgica endoanal usando TAMIS. A resseção em bloco do cisto foi conseguido com margens seguras. O resultado do exame patológico relatou hamartoma cístico retrorretal. O paciente encontrava-se assintomático, sem sinais de recidiva em controles posteriores. A nossa experiência, apesar de ser baseado em um dos casos, as provas que TAMIS (cirurgia transanal minimamente invasiva) permite um esvaziamento minimamente invasivo com benefícios similares como o uso de dispositivos de MET/TEO. (AU)