Differences in uterine and serum metabolome associated with metritis in dairy cows.

Objectives were to evaluate differences in the uterine and serum metabolomes associated with metritis in dairy cows. Vaginal discharge was evaluated using a Metricheck device (Simcro) at 5, 7, and 11 d in milk (DIM; herd 1) or 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 DIM (herd 2). Cows with reddish or brownish, watery, and fetid discharge were diagnosed with metritis (n = 24). Cows with metritis were paired with herdmates without metritis (i.e., clear mucous vaginal discharge or clear lochia with ≤50% of pus) based on DIM and parity (n = 24). Day of metritis diagnosis was considered study d 0. All cows diagnosed with metritis received antimicrobial therapy. The metabolome of uterine lavage collected on d 0 and 5, and serum samples collected on d 0 were evaluated using untargeted gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Normalized data were subjected to multivariate canonical analysis of population using the MultBiplotR and MixOmics packages in R Studio. Univariate analyses including t-test, principal component analyses, partial least squares discriminant analyses, and pathway analyses were conducted using Metaboanalyst. The uterine metabolome differed between cows with and without metritis on d 0. Differences in the uterine metabolome associated with metritis on d 0 were related to the metabolism of butanoate, amino acids (i.e., glycine, serine, threonine, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate), glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. No differences in the serum metabolome were observed between cows diagnosed with metritis and counterparts without metritis on d 0. Similarly, no differences in uterine metabolome were observed between cows with metritis and counterparts not diagnosed with metritis on d 5. These results indicate that the establishment of metritis in dairy cows is associated with local disturbances in amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism in the uterus. The lack of differences in the uterine metabolome on d 5 indicates that processes implicated with the disease are reestablished by d 5 after diagnosis and treatment.

Transcriptional responses are oriented towards different components of the rearing environment in two Drosophila sibling species.

BACKGROUND: The chance to compare patterns of differential gene expression in related ecologically distinct species can be particularly fruitful to investigate the genetics of adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. In this regard, a powerful technique such as RNA-Seq applied to ecologically amenable taxa allows to address issues that are not possible in classic model species. Here, we study gene expression profiles and larval performance of the cactophilic siblings Drosophila buzzatii and D. koepferae reared in media that approximate natural conditions and evaluate both chemical and nutritional components of the diet. These closely related species are complementary in terms of host-plant use since the primary host of one is the secondary of the other. D. koepferae is mainly a columnar cactus dweller while D. buzzatii prefers Opuntia hosts. RESULTS: Our comparative study shows that D. buzzatii and D. koepferae have different transcriptional strategies to face the challenges posed by their natural resources. The former has greater transcriptional plasticity, and its response is mainly modulated by alkaloids of its secondary host, while the latter has a more canalized genetic response, and its transcriptional plasticity is associated with the cactus species. CONCLUSIONS: Our study unveils a complex pleiotropic genetic landscape in both species, with functional links that relate detox responses and redox mechanisms with developmental and neurobiological processes. These results contribute to deepen our understanding of the role of host plant shifts and natural stress driving ecological specialization.

Estudio de la prescripción veterinaria desde la farmacia comunitaria / Study of veterinary prescription from community pharmacy

JUSTIFICACIÓN: los medicamentos veterinarios de animales de compañía son una parte cada vez más importante de la farmacia comunitaria. Por ello, el uso correcto de estos medicamentos es de vital importancia tanto para la salud animal como para la humana y el medio ambiente. Actualmente existen pocos estudios que evalúen el proceso de prescripción veterinaria.OBJETIVO: conocer cómo se está realizando el proceso de prescripción veterinaria a partir de la información obtenida de recetas veterinarias, a fin de contribuir a su mejora.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio descriptivo a partir de una muestra de recetas veterinarias procedentes de tres farmacias de distintas zonas de la Región de Murcia (urbana, periurbana y rural), con fecha de prescripción desde 2017 hasta febrero de 2022. Las recetas veterinarias destinadas a animales de producción fueron excluidas. Se elaboró una tabla donde se recogieron los siguientes datos: localización de la farmacia, fecha de prescripción, datos del prescriptor anonimizados por codificación, descripción del medicamento (denominación, dosis y forma farmacéutica) y datos del propietario. En caso de prescripción excepcional, también se recogieron: dosis a administrar, vía de administración, duración del tratamiento, número de animales, identificación individual del animal y diagnóstico. A partir de estos datos se determinaron los principios activos prescritos y se evaluó el correcto cumplimiento de la prescripción excepcional, utilizando para ello los buscadores de la Agencia Española del Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios (CIMA y CIMAVet).RESULTADOS: hasta el momento se han recogido 324 recetas veterinarias prescritas por 72 veterinarios diferentes. Se emplearon 63 principios activos, siendo los antibióticos los más frecuentes (46,20 %), destacando tobramicina (15,12 %) y amoxicilina (13,27 %). (AU)

Monitoring AMR in Campylobacter jejuni from Italy in the last 10 years (2011-2021): Microbiological and WGS data risk assessment.

Campylobacter jejuni is considered as the main pathogen in human food-borne outbreaks worldwide. Over the past years, several studies have reported antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in C. jejuni strains. In Europe, the official monitoring of AMR comprises the testing of Campylobacter spp. from food-producing animals because this microorganism is responsible for human infections and usually predominant in poultry. Food-producing animals are considered to be a major source of campylobacteriosis through contamination of food products. Concerns are growing due to the current classification of C. jejuni by the WHO as a 'high priority pathogen' due to the emergence of resistance to multiple drugs such as those belonging to the fluoroquinolones, macrolides and other classes, which limits the treatment alternatives. Knowledge about the contributions of different food sources to gastrointestinal disease is fundamental to prioritise food safety interventions and to establish proper control strategies. Assessing the genetic diversity among Campylobacter species is essential to the understanding of their epidemiology and population structure. Using a population genetic approach and grouping the isolates into sequence types within different clonal complexes, it is possible to investigate the source of the human cases. The work programme was aimed for the fellow to assess the AMR of C. jejuni isolated from humans, poultry and birds from wild and urban Italian habitats. Given the public health concern represented by resistant pathogens in food-producing animals and the paucity of data about this topic in Italy, the aim was to identify correlations between phenotypic and genotypic AMR and comparing the origin of the isolates. The work programme allowed the fellow to acquire knowledge, skills and competencies on the web-based tools used by IZSAM to process the NGS data and perform bioinformatics analyses for the identification of epidemiological clusters, the study of AMR patterns in C. jejuni isolates, and the assessment of the human exposure to such AMR pathogens. Furthermore, the fellow became able to transfer the acquired knowledge through innovative web-based didactical tools applied to WGS and clustering of specific food-borne pathogens, with particular reference to C. jejuni. To achieve this objective, 2,734 C. jejuni strains isolated from domestic and wild animals and humans, during the period 2011-2021 were analysed. The resistance phenotypes of the isolates were determined using the microdilution method with EUCAST breakpoints, for the following antibiotics: nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, tetracycline. The data were complemented by WGS data for each strain, uploaded in the Italian information system for the collection and analysis of complete genome sequence of pathogens isolated from animal, food and environment (GENPAT) developed and maintained at IZSAM; information like clonal complex and sequence type to understand the phylogenetical distance between strains according to their origins were also considered. This work underlines that a better knowledge of the resistance levels of C. jejuni is necessary, and mandatory monitoring of Campylobacter species in the different animal productions is strongly suggested.

¿Cómo abordar desde la fisioterapia la salud mental en el COVID persistente? / How does physiotherapy approach mental health in Long-COVID?

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Impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en los síntomas de salud mental y actuaciones de fisioterapia / Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health symptoms and physiotherapy actions

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Efectos del ejercicio físico en la prevención de caídas en pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer: revisión sistemática / Effects of physical exercise in the prevention of falls in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review

OBJETIVOS: Conocer los efectos del ejercicio físico en la prevención de caídas en personas con enfermedad de Alzheimer, y el tipo de ejercicio con mejor eficacia clínica. ESTRATEGIA DE BÚSQUEDA: Siguiendo la estrategia PICOS y las recomendaciones PRISMA, se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática con búsqueda manual y electrónica en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scielo, PEDro, Biblioteca Cochrane, Web of Science, Medline, IBECS y LILACS. SELECCIÓN DE ESTUDIOS: Con criterios preestablecidos, se incluyeron estudios con al menos un grupo de tratamiento con ejercicio, publicados entre 2010 y 2018. De 278 registros iniciales, utilizando las herramientas de cribado de las diferentes bases de datos (cronología, tipo de estudio, etc.) se descartaron 217 artículos. Se realizó una evaluación mediante una lectura crítica de los 61 artículos que habían superado los filtros de búsqueda para identificar aquellos estudios que fueron susceptibles de incluirse en esta revisión sistemática. Finalmente, se incluyeron 9 artículos que dieron lugar a 5 estudios. SÍNTESIS DE RESULTADOS: La puntuación media en la escala PEDro de los 5 estudios es de 6,2. Todos los estudios han obtenido diferencias significativas a favor de los grupos que realizaron tratamiento mediante ejercicio físico. Los ejercicios individuales domiciliarios presentan mejores efectos que los ejercicios ambulatorios grupales. Los resultados favorables se obtienen a las 8 semanas de comenzar el tratamiento. CONCLUSIONES: Un programa de ejercicio físico que incluya entrenamiento de la fuerza, entrenamiento del equilibrio, ejercicios funcionales y marcha puede prevenir las caídas en pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer de forma factible y segura

OBJECTIVES: To know the effects of physical exercise in the prevention of falls in people with Alzheimer's disease and the type of exercise with better clinical efficacy. SEARCH STRATEGY: Following the PICOS strategy and PRISMA recommendations, a systematic review was carried out with manual and electronic search in the Pubmed, Scielo, PEDro, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Medline, IBECS and LILACS databases. STUDY SELECTION: With pre-established criteria, studies with at least one treatment group with exercise, published between 2010 and 2018 are included. Of 278 initial records, using the screening tools of the different databases (chronology, type of study, etc.) 217 items were discarded. An evaluation was carried out through a critical reading of the 61 articles that had passed the search filters to identify the studies that were likely to be included in this systematic review. Finally, 9 articles that resulted in 5 studies were included. SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS: The average score on the PEDro scale of the 5 studies is 6.2. All studies included obtained significant differences in the groups treated by physical exercise in their post-test measurements. Individual home exercises have better effects than group outpatient exercises. Favourable results will be obtained at 8 weeks after starting treatment. CONCLUSIONS: A physical exercise programme that includes strength training, balance training, functional exercises and walking can prevent the risk of falls in patients with Alzheimer's disease in a feasible and safe way

Valoración ecocardiográfica integral en un caso de miocardiopatía de takotsubo por privación de opiáceos / Comprehensive echocardiographic assessment of takotsubo cardiomyopathy case due to opioids withdrawal

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Differential Modulation of Quorum Sensing Signaling through QslA in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains PAO1 and PA14.

Two clinical isolates of the opportunist pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa named PAO1 and PA14 are commonly studied in research laboratories. Despite the isolates being closely related, PA14 exhibits increased virulence compared to that of PAO1 in various models. To determine which players are responsible for the hypervirulence phenotype of the PA14 strain, we elected a transcriptomic approach through RNA sequencing. We found 2,029 genes that are differentially expressed between the two strains, including several genes that are involved with or regulated by quorum sensing (QS), known to control most of the virulence factors in P. aeruginosa Among them, we chose to focus our study on QslA, an antiactivator of QS whose expression was barely detectable in the PA14 strain according our data. We hypothesized that lack of expression of qslA in PA14 could be responsible for higher QS expression in the PA14 strain, possibly explaining its hypervirulence phenotype. After confirming that QslA protein was highly produced in PAO1 but not in the PA14 strain, we obtained evidence showing that a PAO1 deletion strain of qslA has faster QS gene expression kinetics than PA14. Moreover, known virulence factors activated by QS, such as (i) pyocyanin production, (ii) H2-T6SS (type VI secretion system) gene expression, and (iii) Xcp-T2SS (type II secretion system) machinery production and secretion, were all lower in PAO1 than in PA14, due to higher qslA expression. However, biofilm formation and cytotoxicity toward macrophages, although increased in PA14 compared to PAO1, were independent of QslA control. Together, our findings implicated differential qslA expression as a major determinant of virulence factor expression in P. aeruginosa strains PAO1 and PA14.IMPORTANCEPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for acute nosocomial infections and chronic pulmonary infections. P. aeruginosa strain PA14 is known to be hypervirulent in different hosts. Despite several studies in the field, the underlining molecular mechanisms sustaining this phenotype remain enigmatic. Here we provide evidence that the PA14 strain has faster quorum sensing (QS) kinetics than the PAO1 strain, due to the lack of QslA expression, an antiactivator of QS. QS is a major regulator of virulence factors in P. aeruginosa; therefore, we propose that the hypervirulent phenotype of the PA14 strain is, at least partially, due to the lack of QslA expression. This mechanism could be of great importance, as it could be conserved among other P. aeruginosa isolates.

El necesario uso de un lenguaje común en fisioterapia / The necessary use of a common language in physiotherapy

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Parálisis cerebral infantil. Panorama de su prevalencia en España / Infantile cerebral palsy: Overview of the prevalence in Spain

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El fisioterapeuta es el profesional prescriptor del ejercicio físico con fines terapéuticos / Physiotherapists are the professionals who prescribe physical exercise for therapeutic purposes

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Conclusions and recommendations from the 6th International Conference of Physiotherapy in Psychiatry and Mental Health (ICPPMH), Spain 2016 / Conclusiones y recomendaciones del 6° Congreso Internacional de Fisioterapia en Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (ICPPMH), España 2016

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La necesidad de especialización en Fisioterapia en España / The need for specialization in Physiotherapy in Spain

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La osteopenia del prematuro. Una entidad clínica que condiciona el futuro desarrollo / Osteopenia in preterm infants. A clinical condition that affects future development

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Cognitive Impairment After Sleep Deprivation Rescued by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Application in Octodon degus.

Sleep is indispensable for maintaining regular daily life activities and is of fundamental physiological importance for cognitive performance. Sleep deprivation (SD) may affect learning capacity and the ability to form new memories, particularly with regard to hippocampus-dependent tasks. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive procedure of electromagnetic induction that generates electric currents, activating nearby nerve cells in the stimulated cortical area. Several studies have looked into the potential therapeutic use of TMS. The present study was designed to evaluate how TMS could improve learning and memory functions following SD in Octodon degus. Thirty juvenile (18 months old) females were divided into three groups (control, acute, and chronic TMS treatment-with and without SD). TMS-treated groups were placed in plastic cylindrical cages designed to keep them immobile, while receiving head magnetic stimulation. SD was achieved by gently handling the animals to keep them awake during the night. Behavioral tests included radial arm maze (RAM), Barnes maze (BM), and novel object recognition. When TMS treatment was applied over several days, there was significant improvement of cognitive performance after SD, with no side effects. A single TMS session reduced the number of errors for the RAM test and improved latency and reduced errors for the BM test, which both evaluate spatial memory. Moreover, chronic TMS treatment brings about a significant improvement in both spatial and working memories.

La prescripción de medicamentos y productos sanitarios por parte del fisioterapeuta / Prescription of medicines and medical devices by the physiotherapist

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