Suplementos nutricionales para el deportista. Ayudas ergogénicas en el deporte - 2019. Documento de consenso de la Sociedad Española de Medicina del Deporte / Nutritional supplements for athletes. Ergogenic aids in sport - 2019. Consensus document of the Spanish Society of Sports Medicine

En el año 2012 se publicó el consenso "Ayudas ergogénicas nutricionales para las personas que realizan ejercicio físico" que ha servido durante estos años como referente en la materia para muchos profesionales de la materia. La modificación de normativas y la aparición de nuevas evidencias han aconsejado efectuar un nuevo documento, en esta ocasión "Suplementos nutricionales para el deportista. Ayudas ergogénicas en el deporte" que supone una puesta al día rigurosa sobre la evidencia existente, sobre la legislación actual en el contexto europeo y sobre las expectativas de futuro. El documento describe en profundidad los suplementos que se utilizan en la actualidad agrupándolos en hidratos de carbono, bebidas especialmente diseñadas para el deportista, Proteínas como ayuda ergogénica en el deporte, minerales, vitaminas, ácidos grasos y otros componentes (creatina, β-hidroxi-β-metil-butirato, carnitina, mezclas de aminoácidos ramificados, otros aminoácidos y sustancias nitrogenadas, cafeína, guaraná y té verde, antioxidantes, inmunomoduladores, bicarbonatos y citratos, ginseng, glicerol, cannabidiol, melatonina, leptina, sulfato de condroitina, sulfato de glucosamina, ácido hialurónico, bromelina, nitratos y otras ayudas ergogénicas.Se presentan las evidencias de consenso actuales y un novedoso diagrama de decisión en relación con la utilización de suplementos nutricionales en el deporte para terminar efectuando importantes recomendaciones para el deportista que se entrena y compite y se incorporan las recomendaciones sobre el uso de suplementos nutricionales y de ayudas ergogénicas para prevenir el dopaje accidental. Este documento constituye una verdadera puesta al día en los suplementos nutricionales que se utilizan actualmente y sirve como rigurosa guía de utilización para los profesionales que trabajan en el deporte y en la actividad física

In 2012 the consensus "Nutritional ergogenic aids for physical exercise practitioners" was published, which has served during these years as a reference in the field for many professionals of the field. The modification of regulations and the appearance of new evidence have made it advisable to produce a new document, this time "Nutritional supplements for athletes. Ergogenic aids in sport" which means a rigorous update on the existing evidence, on the current legislation in the European context and on the expectations for the future. The document deeply describes the supplements that are currently used by grouping them into carbohydrates, drinks specially designed for athletes, proteins as an ergogenic aid in sport, minerals, vitamins, fatty acids and other components (creatine, β-hydroxy-β-methyl-butyrate, carnitine), mixtures of branched amino acids, other amino acids and nitrogenous substances, caffeine, guarana and green tea, antioxidants, immunomodulators, bicarbonates and citrates, ginseng, glycerol, cannabidiol, melatonin, leptin, chondroitin sulphate, glucosamine sulphate, hyaluronic acid, bromelain, nitrates and other ergogenic aids. It is presented the evidence of current consensus and a novel decision diagram regarding the use of nutritional supplements in sport to end up making important recommendations for the athlete who trains and competes and incorporates recommendations on the use of nutritional supplements and ergogenic aids to prevent accidental doping. This document is an update on the nutritional supplements currently in use and serves as a rigorous user guide for professionals working in sport and physical activity

[Effect of quinua (Chenopodium quinoa)consumption as a coadjuvant in nutritional intervention in prediabetic subjects]. / Efecto del consumo de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa)como coadyuvante en la intervención nutricional en sujetos prediabéticos.

INTRODUCTION: Quinoa is a pseudocereal containing low glycemic index carbohydrates, dietary fiber, high biological value protein, phytosterols, and n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, which has generated interest in prediabetes nutritional interventions. This randomized (2:1), placebo-controlled, double-blind study evaluated the effects of processed quinoa on body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and the satiation and fullness (complete) degree in prediabetic patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Thirty patients were randomized (2:1) in two study arms: Kuska Active product (processed quinoa) and placebo (maltodextrin), with an intake period of 28 days. BMI, HbA1c and FPG were determined before starting treatment and at 28-day intake. Satiety and fullness sensation were just assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) at the day 28. ANOVA was performed for repeated measures with two factors to study (within-subject factor: time; intersubject factor: product consumed) to demonstrate the effectiveness of processed quinoa on the study variables. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients (placebo, n = 10; quinoa, n = 19) completed the study, and the quinoa group shows a significant decrease in BMI (p < 0.05) and HbA1c values (p < 0.001), and an increase in the satiation and fullness (complete) degree (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in FPG levels from baseline to post-intake period. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that processed quinoa intake during 28 days decreases BMI and HbA1c levels, maintains FPG levels, and incr eases the satiation and fullness (complete) degree in prediabetic patients.

Efecto del consumo de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa) como coadyuvante en la intervención nutricional en sujetos prediabéticos / Effect of quinua (Chenopodium quinoa) consumption as a coadjuvant in nutritional intervention in prediabetic subjects

Introducción: la quinua es un pseudocereal que contiene hidratos de carbono de bajo índice glucémico, fibra alimentaria, proteínas de alto valor biológico, fitoesteroles y ácidos grasos n-3 y n-6, y que ha suscitado interés en la intervención nutricional de la prediabetes. Este estudio aleatorizado (2:1), controlado con placebo y doble ciego, evaluó los efectos de la quinua sobre el índice de masa corporal (IMC), hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c), glucemia basal (GB) y el grado de saciedad y plenitud en pacientes prediabéticos. Material y método: se aleatorizaron (2:1) 30 pacientes en dos ramas a estudio: el producto Kuska Active (quinua procesada) y placebo (maltodextrina). El periodo de ingesta fue de 28 días. Antes de iniciar el tratamiento y a los 28 días se determinó el IMC, HbA1c y la GB. La sensación de saciedad y plenitud se evaluó mediante escala visual analógica (EVA). Para demostrar la eficacia de la quinua procesada Kuska Active sobre las variables a estudio se realizó ANOVA para medidas repetidas con dos factores a estudio (factor intrasujeto: tiempo y factor intersujeto: producto consumido). Resultados: finalizaron el estudio un total de 29 pacientes (placebo, n = 10; quinua, n = 19). Se detectó en el grupo quinua procesada una disminución significativa en los valores de IMC (p < 0,05) y HbA1c (p < 0,001) y un aumento en la sensación de saciedad y plenitud (p < 0,001). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los niveles de GB desde el momento basal hasta el periodo postingesta. Conclusiones: los resultados muestran que la quinua procesada disminuye el IMC y los niveles de HbA1c, mantiene los niveles de GB y aumenta la sensación de saciedad y plenitud en pacientes prediabéticos (AU)

Introduction: Quinoa is a pseudocereal containing low glycemic index carbohydrates, dietary fiber, high biological value protein, phytosterols, and n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, which has generated interest in prediabetes nutritional interventions. This randomized (2:1), placebo-controlled, double-blind study evaluated the effects of processed quinoa on body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and the satiation and fullness (complete) degree in prediabetic patients. Material and method: Thirty patients were randomized (2:1) in two study arms: Kuska Active product (processed quinoa) and placebo (maltodextrin), with an intake period of 28 days. BMI, HbA1c and FPG were determined before starting treatment and at 28-day intake. Satiety and fullness sensation were just assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) at the day 28. ANOVA was performed for repeated measures with two factors to study (within-subject factor: time; intersubject factor: product consumed) to demonstrate the effectiveness of processed quinoa on the study variables. Results: Twenty-nine patients (placebo, n = 10; quinoa, n = 19) completed the study, and the quinoa group shows a significant decrease in BMI (p < 0.05) and HbA1c values (p < 0.001), and an increase in the satiation and fullness (complete) degree (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in FPG levels from baseline to post-intake period. Conclusions: The results show that processed quinoa intake during 28 days decreases BMI and HbA1c levels, maintains FPG levels, and increases the satiation and fullness (complete) degree in prediabetic patients (AU)

Digestion-resistant maltodextrin effects on colonic transit time and stool weight: a randomized controlled clinical study.

PURPOSE: Increased awareness of the importance of dietary fibre has led to increased interest in "functional" fibre components like digestion-resistant maltodextrin (RMD). This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study assessed the effects of RMD in the colonic transit time (CTT) and defecation characteristics (frequency, stool volume and consistency). METHODS: Sixty-six healthy adult volunteers (32 men) who did not have a daily defecation habit had a 7-day run-in period before the 21-day intervention period with RMD or placebo. CTT and segmental CTT (SCTT) were assessed by a single abdominal X-ray film taken at the end of both periods after radiopaque marker ingestion. Defecation characteristics and intestinal functions were also assessed, which were self-reported by patients. Intragroup comparisons were evaluated by Student's paired t test, Bonferroni test and Chi-square test, while time comparisons by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and time-by-treatment interaction by repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS: Fifty-seven subjects were assessed for CTT (placebo, n = 28; RMD, n = 29). In the RMD group, the total CTT, left SCTT and rectosigmoidal SCTT decreased significantly compared to baseline (p < 0.01 each; -13.3, -4.7, -8.7 h, respectively). Significant differences between groups were observed in total CTT and left SCTT. Significant time-by-treatment interaction was observed in the RMD group for stool volume (p = 0.014), increasing 56 % compared to baseline (p < 0.01), while remained unchanged in the placebo group. Stool consistency was improved only in the RMD group (p < 0.01). No adverse effects related to study products were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that RMD improved CTT, stool volume, stool consistency and some intestinal functions in a healthy population.