The "diet model" and metabolic syndrome components: Results from the Cordoba Health and Dietary Habits Investigation.

OBJECTIVES: Diet, one of the main risk factors for both metabolic syndrome (MetS) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs), is a multidimensional feature whose complexity relies on the individual and contextual characteristics of foods. The aim of this study was to build a "diet model" and estimate its relationship with MetS components in two Argentinian populations. METHODS: This was a population-based cross-sectional study that assessed bio-socio-anthropometrical variables and dietary habits using food frequency questionnaires. Dietary patterns (DPs) were drawn out using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). A structural equation model (SEM) was used to explore and confirm theoretical and empirical relationships between DPs and the diet model. The association between individuals' adherence to DPs and MetS were assessed using a multiple logistic regression analysis. We selected two cities in central Argentina according to socio-eco-environmental characteristics. Participants included 493 men and women (1:1 ratio) from 35 to 65 y of age. RESULTS: We identified four DPs: traditional Argentine (TA; processed meats, meats and eggs, fats, starchy vegetables), prudent (Pr; vegetables, fruits, milk, and yogurt), alcohol and snacks (AS), and sweets (S; candies and sodas). TA and AS DPs were associated with increased waist circumference. The S DP showed a strong effect on hypertension. Moderate adherence to the TA DP was positively associated with dyslipidemia but negatively with hypertension whenever individuals did not adhere to the AS DP. TA was positively correlated to AS and S, but inversely with Pr. CONCLUSION: This diet model integrated those food groups in an associative structure describing per se a synthesis of the Argentine dietary habits and their association with three of the five components of MetS.

[A population-based study on seroprevalence and factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Córdoba, Argentina]. / Estudio de base poblacional de seroprevalencia y factores asociados a la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en Córdoba, Argentina.

Seroepidemiological studies help identify the indirect distribution of diseases, detecting serological markers of immunity and demonstrating undiagnosed infections in the general population. The objectives were to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Córdoba, Argentina, from December 2020 to January 2021 and to identify factors associated with the virus' contagiousness. A population-based cross-sectional observational study was performed in 3,225 individuals over two years of age living in Córdoba city, selected by multiple-stage random sampling proportional to distribution by gender, age group, and socioeconomic status in the city's population. Clinical characteristics, anthropometry, and comorbidities were collected by interview. Qualitative serological testing was performed for detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies (ARCHITECT, Abbott). SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was estimated for the total population and by age group, sex, socioeconomic status, and presence of target diseases. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated using a log-binomial regression model. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was 16.68% (95%CI: 15.41-18.01). Age 2 to 18 years, living in neighborhoods with low socioeconomic status, and obesity increased the odds of seropositivity (PR = 1.50; 95%CI: 1.10-2.04, PR = 1.91; 95%CI: 1.34-2.67 and PR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.04-1.85). The results indicate that the city of Córdoba displays differential attributes that increase the likelihood of a positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody test. This allows targeting epidemiological surveillance strategies to reduce the spread of the virus.

Los estudios seroepidemiológicos permiten conocer la distribución indirecta de las enfermedades, detectando marcadores séricos de inmunidad y demostrando infecciones no diagnosticadas en la población general. El objetivo fue estimar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra el SARS-CoV-2, en Córdoba, Argentina, entre diciembre de 2020 y enero de 2021, e identificar factores asociados a la contagiosidad del virus. Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal, de base poblacional, con 3.225 individuos mayores de 2 años, residentes en Córdoba Capital, que fueron seleccionados mediante un diseño de muestreo aleatorio en múltiples etapas, proporcional a la distribución por género, franja etaria y nivel socioeconómico de la población de Córdoba. Las características clínicas, antropometría y comorbilidades se recogieron mediante entrevistas. Se realizó un test serológico cualitativo para la detección de anticuerpos IgG antinucleocápside para SARS-CoV-2 (ARCHITECT, Abbott). La seroprevalencia del SARS-CoV-2 se estimó en la población y por franja de edad, sexo, nivel socioeconómico y presencia de las patologías estudiadas. Las razones de prevalencia (RP) se estimaron usando un modelo de regresión log-binomial. La seropositividad para SARS-CoV-2 fue de 16,68% (IC95%: 15,41-18,01). Tener entre 2 y 18 años, residir en barrios con nivel socioeconómico bajo y la presencia de obesidad, aumentaron la oportunidad de seropositividad (RP = 1,50; IC95%: 1,10-2,04, RP = 1,91; IC95%: 1,34-2,67 y RP = 1,39; IC95%: 1,04-1,85). Los resultados indican que en Córdoba Capital existen atributos diferenciales que aumentan la posibilidad de ser seropositivo para SARS-CoV-2. Esto permite dirigir estrategias de vigilancia epidemiológica para reducir la propagación del virus.

Os estudos soroepidemiológicos permitem conhecer a distribuição indireta das doenças, detectando marcadores séricos de imunidade e demonstrando infecções não diagnosticadas na população geral. O objetivo foi estimar a soroprevalência de anticorpos contra o SARS-CoV-2, em Córdoba, Argentina, entre dezembro de 2020 e janeiro de 2021, e identificar fatores associados à contagiosidade do vírus. Um estudo observacional transversal foi realizado, de base populacional, com 3.225 indivíduos maiores de 2 anos, residentes em Córdoba Capital, que foram selecionados por meio de um delineamento de amostragem aleatória em múltiplos estágios, proporcional à distribuição de gênero, a faixa etária e o nível socioeconômico da população de Córdoba. As características clínicas, antropometria e comorbidades foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas. Um teste sorológico qualitativo foi realizado para a detecção de anticorpos IgG anti-nucleocapsídeo para SARS-CoV-2 (ARCHITECT, Abbott). A soroprevalência do SARS-CoV-2 foi estimada na população e por faixa etária, sexo, nível socioeconômico e presença das patologias estudadas. Razões de prevalência (RP) foram estimadas usando um modelo de regressão log-binomial. A soropositividade para SARS-CoV-2 foi de 16,68% (IC95%: 15,41-18,01). Ter entre 2 e 18 años, residir em bairros com nível socioeconômico baixo e a presença de obesidade aumentaram a chance de soropositividade (RP = 1,50; IC95%: 1,10-2,04, RP = 1,91; IC95%: 1,34-2,67 e RP = 1,39; IC95%: 1,04-1,85). Os resultados indicam que em Córdoba Capital existem atributos diferenciais que aumentam a possibilidade de ser soropositivo para SARS-CoV-2. Isso permite direcionar estratégias de vigilância epidemiológica para reduzir a propagação do vírus.

The health, environmental, and economic dimensions of future dietary transitions in Argentina.

Diets link human health with environmental sustainability, offering promising pressure points to enhance the sustainability of food systems. We investigated the health, environmental, and economic dimensions of the current diet in Argentina and the possible effects of six dietary change scenarios on nutrient adequacy, dietary quality, food expenditure, and six environmental impact categories (i.e., GHG emissions, total land occupation, cropland use, fossil energy use, freshwater consumption, and the emission of eutrophying pollutants). Current dietary patterns are unhealthy, unsustainable, and relatively expensive, and all things being equal, an increase in income levels would not alter the health dimension, but increase environmental impacts by 33-38%, and costs by 38%. Compared to the prevailing diet, the six healthier diet alternatives could improve health with an expenditure between + 27% (National Dietary Guidelines) to -5% (vegan diet) of the current diet. These dietary changes could result in trade-offs between different environmental impacts. Plant-based diets showed the lowest overall environmental impact, with GHG emissions and land occupation reduced by up to 79% and 88%, respectively, without significant changes in cropland demand. However, fossil energy use and freshwater consumption could increase by up to 101% and 220%, respectively. The emission of eutrophying pollutants could increase by up to 54% for all healthy diet scenarios, except for the vegan one (18% decrease). We conclude that the health and environmental crisis that Argentina (and other developing countries) currently face could be mitigated by adopting healthy diets (particularly plant-based), bringing in the process benefits to both people and nature. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11625-021-01087-7.

Estudio de base poblacional de seroprevalencia y factores asociados a la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en Córdoba, Argentina / A population-based study on seroprevalence and factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Córdoba, Argentina / Estudo populacional de soroprevalência e fatores associados à infecção por SARS-CoV-2 em Córdoba, Argentina

Los estudios seroepidemiológicos permiten conocer la distribución indirecta de las enfermedades, detectando marcadores séricos de inmunidad y demostrando infecciones no diagnosticadas en la población general. El objetivo fue estimar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra el SARS-CoV-2, en Córdoba, Argentina, entre diciembre de 2020 y enero de 2021, e identificar factores asociados a la contagiosidad del virus. Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal, de base poblacional, con 3.225 individuos mayores de 2 años, residentes en Córdoba Capital, que fueron seleccionados mediante un diseño de muestreo aleatorio en múltiples etapas, proporcional a la distribución por género, franja etaria y nivel socioeconómico de la población de Córdoba. Las características clínicas, antropometría y comorbilidades se recogieron mediante entrevistas. Se realizó un test serológico cualitativo para la detección de anticuerpos IgG antinucleocápside para SARS-CoV-2 (ARCHITECT, Abbott). La seroprevalencia del SARS-CoV-2 se estimó en la población y por franja de edad, sexo, nivel socioeconómico y presencia de las patologías estudiadas. Las razones de prevalencia (RP) se estimaron usando un modelo de regresión log-binomial. La seropositividad para SARS-CoV-2 fue de 16,68% (IC95%: 15,41-18,01). Tener entre 2 y 18 años, residir en barrios con nivel socioeconómico bajo y la presencia de obesidad, aumentaron la oportunidad de seropositividad (RP = 1,50; IC95%: 1,10-2,04, RP = 1,91; IC95%: 1,34-2,67 y RP = 1,39; IC95%: 1,04-1,85). Los resultados indican que en Córdoba Capital existen atributos diferenciales que aumentan la posibilidad de ser seropositivo para SARS-CoV-2. Esto permite dirigir estrategias de vigilancia epidemiológica para reducir la propagación del virus.

Seroepidemiological studies help identify the indirect distribution of diseases, detecting serological markers of immunity and demonstrating undiagnosed infections in the general population. The objectives were to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Córdoba, Argentina, from December 2020 to January 2021 and to identify factors associated with the virus' contagiousness. A population-based cross-sectional observational study was performed in 3,225 individuals over two years of age living in Córdoba city, selected by multiple-stage random sampling proportional to distribution by gender, age group, and socioeconomic status in the city's population. Clinical characteristics, anthropometry, and comorbidities were collected by interview. Qualitative serological testing was performed for detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies (ARCHITECT, Abbott). SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was estimated for the total population and by age group, sex, socioeconomic status, and presence of target diseases. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated using a log-binomial regression model. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was 16.68% (95%CI: 15.41-18.01). Age 2 to 18 years, living in neighborhoods with low socioeconomic status, and obesity increased the odds of seropositivity (PR = 1.50; 95%CI: 1.10-2.04, PR = 1.91; 95%CI: 1.34-2.67 and PR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.04-1.85). The results indicate that the city of Córdoba displays differential attributes that increase the likelihood of a positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody test. This allows targeting epidemiological surveillance strategies to reduce the spread of the virus.

Os estudos soroepidemiológicos permitem conhecer a distribuição indireta das doenças, detectando marcadores séricos de imunidade e demonstrando infecções não diagnosticadas na população geral. O objetivo foi estimar a soroprevalência de anticorpos contra o SARS-CoV-2, em Córdoba, Argentina, entre dezembro de 2020 e janeiro de 2021, e identificar fatores associados à contagiosidade do vírus. Um estudo observacional transversal foi realizado, de base populacional, com 3.225 indivíduos maiores de 2 anos, residentes em Córdoba Capital, que foram selecionados por meio de um delineamento de amostragem aleatória em múltiplos estágios, proporcional à distribuição de gênero, a faixa etária e o nível socioeconômico da população de Córdoba. As características clínicas, antropometria e comorbidades foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas. Um teste sorológico qualitativo foi realizado para a detecção de anticorpos IgG anti-nucleocapsídeo para SARS-CoV-2 (ARCHITECT, Abbott). A soroprevalência do SARS-CoV-2 foi estimada na população e por faixa etária, sexo, nível socioeconômico e presença das patologias estudadas. Razões de prevalência (RP) foram estimadas usando um modelo de regressão log-binomial. A soropositividade para SARS-CoV-2 foi de 16,68% (IC95%: 15,41-18,01). Ter entre 2 e 18 años, residir em bairros com nível socioeconômico baixo e a presença de obesidade aumentaram a chance de soropositividade (RP = 1,50; IC95%: 1,10-2,04, RP = 1,91; IC95%: 1,34-2,67 e RP = 1,39; IC95%: 1,04-1,85). Os resultados indicam que em Córdoba Capital existem atributos diferenciais que aumentam a possibilidade de ser soropositivo para SARS-CoV-2. Isso permite direcionar estratégias de vigilância epidemiológica para reduzir a propagação do vírus.

Quality and environmental footprints of diets by socio-economic status in Argentina.

Food consumption and production plays a major role on human health and environmental sustainability. In addition, socio-economic status (SES) could be an important determinant on these impacts. Here we investigated the quality and environmental footprints of diets of different SES in Argentina. Dietary data was obtained from a recent national-wide representative survey (21,547 households), and individual intake was estimated by applying the Adult-Male Equivalent (AME) approach. Dietary quality was assessed by comparing the apparent consumption of foods and nutrients with the level of intake associated with the lowest risk of mortality, and applying the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010). The environmental footprints were assessed with a set of six environmental indicators: greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, total land occupation, cropland demand, fossil energy use, freshwater consumption and eutrophying emissions. Per capita total expenditure was utilized as an indicator of SES. We found a suboptimal intake of healthy and excess of unhealthy foods and nutrients in all SES, as well as a low AHEI-2010 score (34.7 ± 3.56 over 100). Regarding environmental footprints per AME, we estimated 8.91 ± 2.49 kg CO2-eq/day for GHG emissions, 9.30 ± 2.93 MJ/day for fossil energy use, 54.2 ± 14.8 m2/day for total land occupation, 7.07 ± 1.90 m2/day for cropland demand, 205 ± 65.3 L/day for freshwater consumption and 19.8 ± 6.43 g PO4-eq/day for eutrophying emissions. The Argentinian diet was found to be both unhealthy and unsustainable in all socio-economic levels.

Increased inflammatory potential of diet is associated with increased odds of prostate cancer in Argentinian men.

PURPOSE: Various aspects of diet, including specific food items and nutrients, have been shown to modulate inflammation and have been implicated in the etiology of prostate cancer (PrCA). No study examining the role of diet-associated inflammation in PrCA has been conducted in Latin America. METHOD: We examined the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and PrCA in a population-based case-control study in Córdoba, Argentina. A total of 153 incident cases of PrCA and 309 controls frequency matched on sex, age (± 5 years), and place of residence were recruited from 2008 to 2015. The DII was developed to determine the inflammatory potential of individuals' diets and was computed from a validated food frequency questionnaire using nutrient data from diet only. Multi-level logistic regression models were fit to evaluate the association between DII scores and PrCA, adjusting for age, body mass index, energy intake, and occupational exposure as first-level covariates and family history of prostate cancer as the second-level variable. Odds ratios were estimated in all subject and stratified by BMI (< 30 vs. ≥ 30 kg/m2). RESULTS: Men in the most pro-inflammatory group (tertile 3) had 50% higher odds of having PrCA compared to men in the most anti-inflammatory group (tertile 1) (ORtertile3 vs. tertile1 1.50; 95% CI 1.24-1.80). The odds of prostate cancer were higher in obese men (n = 109, ORtertile3 vs. tertile1 1.81; 95% CI 1.45-2.27), while no association was found among non-obese men (n = 375, ORtertile3 vs. tertile1 0.93; 95% CI 0.25-3.51). CONCLUSIONS: A pro-inflammatory diet, reflected by higher DII scores, was positively associated with PrCA occurrence. Based on these results and those from other studies, steps should be taken to promote a diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods, in order to reduce risk of PrCA and other chronic diseases. Future studies should explore this association in a prospective setting.

Burden of cancer mortality and differences attributable to demographic aging and risk factors in Argentina, 1986-2011.

The world faces an aging population that implies a large number of people affected with chronic diseases. Argentina has reached an advanced stage of demographic transition and presents a comparatively high rate of cancer mortality within Latin America. The objectives of this study were to examine cancer mortality trends in the province of Córdoba, Argentina, between 1986 and 2011, and to analyze the differences attributable to risk variations and demographic changes. Longitudinal series of age-standardized mortality rates for overall, breast and prostate cancers were modeled by Joinpoint regression to estimate the annual percent change. The Bashir & Estève method was used to split crude mortality rate variation into three components: mortality risk, population age structure and population size. A decreasing cancer age-standardized mortality rates trend was observed (1986-2011 annual percent change: -1.4, 95%CI: -1.6, -1.2 in men; -0.8, 95%CI: -1.0, -0.6 in women), with a significant shift in 1996. There were positive crude mortality rate net changes for overall female cancer, breast and prostate cancers, which were primarily attributable to demographic changes. Inversely, overall male cancer crude mortality rate showed a 9.15% decrease, mostly due to mortality risk. Despite favorable age-standardized mortality rates trends, the influence of population aging reinforces the challenge to control cancer in populations with an increasingly aged demographic structure.

Burden of cancer mortality and differences attributable to demographic aging and risk factors in Argentina, 1986-2011 / Carga de mortalidad por cáncer y diferencias atribuibles al envejecimiento poblacional y factores de riesgo en Argentina, 1986-2011 / Carga de mortalidade por câncer e diferenças atribuíveis ao envelhecimento populacional e fatores de risco na Argentina, 1986-2011

Abstract: The world faces an aging population that implies a large number of people affected with chronic diseases. Argentina has reached an advanced stage of demographic transition and presents a comparatively high rate of cancer mortality within Latin America. The objectives of this study were to examine cancer mortality trends in the province of Córdoba, Argentina, between 1986 and 2011, and to analyze the differences attributable to risk variations and demographic changes. Longitudinal series of age-standardized mortality rates for overall, breast and prostate cancers were modeled by Joinpoint regression to estimate the annual percent change. The Bashir & Estève method was used to split crude mortality rate variation into three components: mortality risk, population age structure and population size. A decreasing cancer age-standardized mortality rates trend was observed (1986-2011 annual percent change: -1.4, 95%CI: -1.6, -1.2 in men; -0.8, 95%CI: -1.0, -0.6 in women), with a significant shift in 1996. There were positive crude mortality rate net changes for overall female cancer, breast and prostate cancers, which were primarily attributable to demographic changes. Inversely, overall male cancer crude mortality rate showed a 9.15% decrease, mostly due to mortality risk. Despite favorable age-standardized mortality rates trends, the influence of population aging reinforces the challenge to control cancer in populations with an increasingly aged demographic structure.

Resumen: El mundo enfrenta el fenómeno del envejecimiento poblacional, con grandes contingentes de individuos afectados por enfermedades crónicas. Entre los países de América Latina, Argentina ya alcanzó un nivel avanzado en la transición demográfica y presenta una tasa relativamente alta de mortalidad por cáncer. El estudio tuvo como objetivos: examinar las tendencias en la mortalidad por cáncer en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, entre 1986 y 2011, y analizar las diferencias atribuibles a variaciones de riesgo y cambios demográficos. Para estimar la variación porcentual anual, se elaboraron modelos de series longitudinales de la tasa de mortalidad estandarizada por edad para todos los cánceres y, específicamente, para mama y próstata utilizando regresión Joinpoint. Se utilizó el método de Bashir & Estève para dividir la variación de la tasa bruta de mortalidad en tres componentes: riesgo de mortalidad, estructura etaria poblacional y tamaño de la población. Se observó una tendencia decreciente en la tasa de mortalidad estandarizada por edad por cáncer (variación porcentual annual 1986-2011: -1,4; IC95%: -1,6; -1,2 en hombres; -0,8; IC95%: -1,0; -0,6 en mujeres), con un cambio significativo en 1996. Las tasas brutas de mortalidad aumentaron para todos los cánceres en mujeres, y de mama y próstata, lo cual fue atribuible principalmente a cambios demográficos. Inversamente, la tasa bruta de mortalidad para todos los cánceres en hombres mostró una caída de 9,15%, influenciada básicamente por el riesgo de mortalidad. A pesar de las tendencias favorables en la tasa de mortalidad estandarizada por edad, la influencia del envejecimiento poblacional refuerza el desafío del control de cáncer en poblaciones con una estructura etaria cada vez más envejecida.

Resumo: O mundo enfrenta o fenômeno do envelhecimento populacional, com grandes contingentes de indivíduos afetados por doenças crônicas. Entre os países da América Latina, a Argentina já atingiu um patamar avançado na transição demográfica e apresenta uma taxa relativamente alta de mortalidade por câncer. O estudo teve como objetivos, examinar as tendências na mortalidade por câncer na província de Córdoba, Argentina, entre 1986 e 2011, e analisar as diferenças atribuíveis a variações de risco e mudanças demográficas. Para estimar a variação percentual anual, a regressão Joinpoint foi utilizada para elaborar modelos de séries longitudinais da taxa de mortalidade padronizada por idade para todos os cânceres e especificamente para mama e próstata. Foi utilizado o método de Bashir & Estève para dividir a variação da taxa bruta de mortalidade em três componentes: risco de mortalidade, estrutura etária populacional e tamanho da população. Observou-se uma tendência decrescente na taxa de mortalidade padronizada por idade por câncer (variação percentual annual 1986-2011: -1,4; IC95%: -1,6; -1,2 em homens; -0.8, IC95%: -1,0; -0.6 em mulheres), com um deslocamento significativo em 1996. As taxas brutas de mortalidade aumentaram para todos os cânceres em mulheres, e de mama e próstata, atribuíveis principalmente a mudanças demográficas. Inversamente, a taxa bruta de mortalidade para todos os cânceres em homens mostrou uma queda de 9,15%, influenciada basicamente pelo risco de mortalidade. Apesar de tendências favoráveis na taxa de mortalidade padronizada por idade, a influência do envelhecimento populacional reforça o desafio do controle de câncer em populações com estrutura etária cada vez mais envelhecida.

[Cancer and its association with dietary patterns in Córdoba (Argentina)]. / Cáncer y su asociación con patrones alimentarios en Córdoba (Argentina).

INTRODUCTION: Feeding habits play a prominent role in carcinogenesis. The dietary patterns approach applied to the study of chronic diseases is of increasing interest in nutritional epidemiology. Nevertheless, it has been seldom used in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: To identify dietary patterns in adult population in Córdoba (Argentina) and to estimate their effects on the risk of colon-rectal (CRC), urothelial (UC), breast (BC) and prostate (PC) cancers. METHODS: Four case control studies were conducted, 2006-2012 for CRC, PC, BC and UC. To identify the dietary patterns, a Principal Components Factor Analysis was conducted. A multilevel logistic regression was adjusted for the risk analyses. RESULTS: Characteristic dietary patterns in the whole population, and in women and men independently, were identified. In the whole population South Cone and Sweet Beverages patterns behaved as promoters for CRC and UC while the Prudent Pattern had a protective effect. Female South Cone, Rural and Starchy patterns were associated to a higher BC risk. Prudent Pattern lowered BC risk. In men, South Cone, Sweet Beverages and Typical Measured patterns promoted PC. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to promote a regular intake of vegetables, fruits and diary products (although a moderate intake for men), and to reduce red meat (especially fat meat), processed meat, starchy vegetables, wine and sweet beverages intakes, to prevent the occurrence of cancer. In men, it is recommended a moderate intake of egg. In women, it is advised a moderate intake of refined grains, bakery products, oils and mayonnaise intake.

Introducción: La alimentación es un importante factor vinculado a la ocurrencia del cáncer. Su abordaje en términos de patrones alimentarios es de creciente interés en epidemiología nutricional, no obstante ha sido pocas veces empleado en Latinoamérica. Objetivos: Identificar patrones alimentarios en la población adulta de Córdoba (Argentina) y estimar sus efectos sobre el riesgo de ocurrencia de cáncer colorrectal (CCR), cáncer de mama (CM), cáncer de próstata (CP) y urotelial (CU). Métodos: Se condujeron estudios caso-control, 2006-2012, correspondientes a CCR, CM, CP y CU. Empleando un análisis factorial de componentes principales se identificaron patrones alimentarios. Se estimaron ORs mediante regresión logística multinivel. Resultados: Se identificaron patrones característicos en la población general, y en hombres y mujeres independientemente. En población total, los patrones Cono Sur y Bebidas Azucaradas evidenciaron un efecto promotor para CCR y CU, y el Patrón Prudente mostró efecto protector. En mujeres, el CM se asoció de manera directa con los patrones Cono Sur Femenino, Rural y Amiláceo, e inversa con el Patrón Prudente. En hombres, los Patrones Cono Sur Masculino, Bebidas Azucaradas y Típico Mesurado mostraron un efecto promotor para CP. Conclusión: Resulta necesario promover una ingesta habitual de vegetales, frutas y lácteos (éstos últimos de manera moderada en hombres), y disminuir el consumo de carnes rojas (fundamentalmente grasas), carnes procesadas, vegetales amiláceos, vino y bebidas azucaradas, a fin de prevenir la ocurrencia de cáncer. En hombres se sugiere moderar la ingesta de huevos, y en mujeres la de granos refinados, productos de pastelería, aceites y mayonesa.

Cáncer y su asociación con patrones alimentarios en Córdoba (Argentina) / Cancer and its association with dietary patterns in Cordoba (Argentina) / No disponible

Introducción: La alimentación es un importante factor vinculado a la ocurrencia del cáncer. Su abordaje en términos de patrones alimentarios es de creciente interés en epidemiología nutricional, no obstante ha sido pocas veces empleado en Latinoamérica. Objetivos: Identificar patrones alimentarios en la población adulta de Córdoba (Argentina) y estimar sus efectos sobre el riesgo de ocurrencia de cáncer colorrectal (CCR), cáncer de mama (CM), cáncer de próstata (CP) y urotelial (CU).Métodos: Se condujeron estudios caso-control, 2006-2012, correspondientes a CCR, CM, CP y CU. Empleando un análisis factorial de componentes principales se identificaron patrones alimentarios. Se estimaron ORs mediante regresión logística multinivel. Resultados: Se identificaron patrones característicos en la población general, y en hombres y mujeres independientemente. En población total, los patrones Cono Sur y Bebidas Azucaradas evidenciaron un efecto promotor para CCR y CU, y el Patrón Prudente mostró efecto protector. En mujeres, el CM se asoció de manera directa con los patrones Cono Sur Femenino, Rural y Amiláceo, e inversa con el Patrón Prudente. En hombres, los Patrones Cono Sur Masculino, Bebidas Azucaradas y Típico Mesurado mostraron un efecto promotor para CP. Conclusión: Resulta necesario promover una ingesta habitual de vegetales, frutas y lácteos (éstos últimos de manera moderada en hombres), y disminuir el consumo de carnes rojas (fundamentalmente grasas), carnes procesadas, vegetales amiláceos, vino y bebidas azucaradas, a fin de prevenir la ocurrencia de cáncer. En hombres se sugiere moderar la ingesta de huevos, y en mujeres la de granos refinados, productos de pastelería, aceites y mayonesa (AU)

Introduction: Feeding habits play a prominent role in carcinogenesis. The dietary patterns approach applied to the study of chronic diseases is of increasing interest in nutritional epidemiology. Nevertheless, it has been seldom used in Latin America. Objective: To identify dietary patterns in adult population in Cordoba (Argentina) and to estimate their effects on the risk of colon-rectal (CRC), urothelial (UC), breast (BC) and prostate(PC) cancers. Methods: Four case control studies were conducted, 2006-2012for CRC, PC, BC and UC. To identify the dietary patterns, a Principal Components Factor Analysis was conducted. A multilevel logistic regression was adjusted for the risk analyses. Results: Characteristic dietary patterns in the whole population, and in women and men independently, were identified. In the whole population South Cone and Sweet Beverages patterns behaved as promoters for CRC and UC while the Prudent Pattern had a protective effect. Female South Cone, Rural and Starchy patterns were associated to a higher BC risk. Prudent Pattern lowered BC risk. In men, South Cone, Sweet Beverages and Typical Measured patterns promoted PC. Conclusion: It is necessary to promote a regular intake of vegetables, fruits and diary products (although a moderate intake for men), and to reduce red meat (especially fat meat), processed meat, starchy vegetables, wine and sweet beverages intakes, to prevent the occurrence of cancer. In men, it is recommended a moderate intake of egg. In women, it is advised a moderate intake of refined grains, bakery products, oils and mayonnaise intake (AU)