Produtividade de sistemas forrageiros consorciados com leguminosas / Productivity of grazing systems mixed with forage legumes

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar três sistemas forrageiros (SF) com capim elefante (CE) + azevém (AZ) + espécies de crescimento espontâneo (ECE); CE + AZ + ECE + amendoim forrageiro (AM); e CE + AZ + ECE + trevo vermelho (TV), usando-se a mesma área, sob pastejo rotacionado, no decorrer do ano agrícola. O CE foi estabelecido em linhas afastadas a cada 4m. No período hibernal, fez-se o estabelecimento do AZ entre as linhas do CE; o TV foi semeado e o AM foi preservado, considerando-se os respectivos SF. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, com três tratamentos (SF), duas repetições (piquetes) e avaliações independentes (ciclos de pastejos). Para avaliação, foram utilizadas vacas da raça Holandesa em lactação, que receberam suplementação alimentar com concentrado à razão de 1% do peso corporal/dia. Foram avaliados a massa de forragem, os componentes botânicos do pasto e estruturais do CE e a taxa de lotação. Durante o período experimental, foram efetuados oito ciclos de pastejo. Sistemas forrageiros que envolvem gramíneas e leguminosas de diferentes ciclos proporcionam a utilização da área durante todo o ano agrícola em pastejo rotativo com bovinos leiteiros. Considerando-se a predominância das avaliações em cada pastejo, os sistemas forrageiros consorciados apresentam melhor resultado tanto paras as variáveis de massa de forragem quanto para a taxa de lotação.

The objective of this research was to evaluate three grazing systems (GS) with elephant grass (EG) + ryegrass (RG) + spontaneous growing species (SGS); EG + RG + SGS + forage peanut (FP); and EG + RG + SGS + red clover (RC), in order to use the area in rotational grazing during the agricultural year. EG was planted in rows with a distance of 4m between each row. In the cool-season, RG was sowed between EG rows and FP was preserved on GS. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments (GS), two replicates (paddocks) and independent evaluations (grazing cycles). For the evaluation lactating Holstein cows receiving 1% of BW/day feed supplement concentrate were used. The herbage mass, botanical composition of pasture, structural component of EG and stocking rate were evaluated. Eight grazing cycles were performed during the experimental period. Grazing systems involving grass and legume forage in different cycles provided the use of the area during the agricultural year in rotational grazing with dairy cattle. Considering the predominance of the evaluations in each grazing, the mixed grazing systems have better results for both forage mass and stocking rate variables.

The effects of metformin and glibenclamide on glucose metabolism, counter-regulatory hormones and cardiovascular responses in women with Type 2 diabetes during exercise of moderate intensity.

AIMS: To compare the effects of metformin and glibenclamide on cardiovascular, metabolic and hormonal parameters during exercise of moderate intensity performed in the postprandial state, in women with Type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Ten patients treated with metformin, 10 with glibenclamide and 10 control subjects (C) exercised on a bicycle ergometer at 50% of oxygen uptake (VO(2)) peak for 45 min. Cardiovascular, blood metabolic and hormonal parameters were determined at times -60 min (fasting), 0, +15, +30, +45 min (exercise) and at +60, +90 min (recovery). Thirty minutes prior to exercise, participants consumed a standard breakfast. Patients with diabetes took metformin or glibenclamide before the meal. RESULTS: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and plasma glucose were higher in both diabetic groups, for the whole experiment. Blood glucose did not change during exercise in the three groups and increased at recovery only in the control group. Plasma glucagon concentrations at the end of exercise and recovery, and plasma lactate concentrations at recovery were higher in the metformin group. Insulin, noradrenaline, growth hormone, cortisol and free fatty acid responses were similar in all three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the usual dose of glibenclamide and metformin can be taken safely before postprandial exercise of moderate intensity without affecting cardiovascular, metabolic and hormonal responses. However, after exercise, glibenclamide and metformin prevent the normal rise in blood glucose and metformin delays the fall in plasma lactate concentrations.

CDX2 promotes anchorage-independent growth by transcriptional repression of IGFBP-3.

CDX2 is a Drosophila caudal-related homeobox transcription factor that is important for the establishment and maintenance of intestinal epithelial cells. We have reported that CDX2 promotes tumorigenicity in a subset of human colorectal cancer cell lines. Here, we present evidence that CDX2 negatively regulates the well-documented growth inhibitor insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). Specifically, CDX2 binds to the IGFBP-3 gene promoter and can repress IGFBP-3 transcription, protein expression and secretion. Furthermore, inhibition of IGFBP-3 partially rescues the decreased anchorage-independent growth phenotype observed in CDX2 knockout cells. These data demonstrate for the first time that (1) CDX2 can function as a transcriptional repressor, and (2) one mechanism by which CDX2 promotes anchorage-independent growth is by transcriptional repression of IGFBP-3.

Cerebral thrombosis associated with active Crohn's disease.

An increased incidence of cerebral thromboembolic events has been reported in young patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It has been suggested that a hypercoagulable state is associated with clinical activity of the disease, with elevation of factors V, VIII, fibrinogen and platelets and a lowering of anti-thrombin III. We present the case of a 35 y/o male with refractory Crohn's disease who complained of headaches, blurred vision and tonic-clonic seizures. The studies demonstrated an ischemic stroke of the left cerebral hemisphere, without vascular abnormalities. Elevation of factor VIII, platelets, and antithrombin III were found. The symptoms were relieved with medical treatment and the patient has continued in good health after resection of the diseased terminal ileum.

Sequential development of structural and functional alterations in T cells from tumor-bearing mice.

The TCR alpha beta or -gamma delta chains bind the peptide ligand, whereas the associated CD3 delta epsilon gamma and TCR zeta subunits couple the TCR to intracellular signal transduction components. Recently, several groups have described marked alterations in signal transduction elements in T cells from cancer patients or in mice bearing tumor for a few weeks (>26 days). The sequence in which these alterations develop is unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the kinetics of the development of alterations in signal transduction molecules (TCR zeta chain, NF kappaB family proteins, and tyrosine kinase p56(lck)) in mice bearing MC38 colon adenocarcinoma. The results demonstrate that alterations in NF kappaB family proteins, specifically the failure of p65 translocation to the nucleus, occur earlier and more frequently than the decrease in zeta-chain. These defects are paralleled by an impaired ability to produce Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma). These initial changes are followed by the eventual loss of TCR zeta chain and p56(lck) and a marked decrease in cytotoxic function. An increased rate of lysosomal degradation is one of the mechanisms responsible for the loss of zeta-chain.

Fosforo x phosphorus: um estudo bioquimico e morfologico da materia medica / Phosphorus x Phosphorus (Homeopatia): a biochemical and morphological study of materia medica

A study of 497 symptoms of Phosphorus was maked on biochemical and morfological bases. The relations between funtional and toxical effects of the element with the homeopathic medicine was searched for.(AU)