ABSTRACT
A bactéria Azospirillum brasilense vem ganhando destaque quando inoculadas em sementes, resultando em incrementos no sistema radicular, produção de massa seca e produtividade das culturas. Objetivou -se com esse trabalho comparar os efeitos da inoculação de A. Brasilense e a aplicação de diferentes doses de adubo nitrogenado sob a produção da aveia preta, buscando minimizar os custos de produção. O experimento foi realizado em campo, área experimental pertencente à Faculdade de Tecnologia Paulista, Lupércio-SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos (T1= testemunha, aveia preta não inoculada com A. brasilense e sem aplicação de N; T2= A. brasilense na dose de 0,25 mL/ 14 g de semente, no momento da semeadura; T3= N 50% na dose de 19 g/ 2 m², 30 dias após a germinação; T4= N 100% na dose de 38 g/ 2 m² e T5= N 150% na dose de 57 g/ 2 m², 30 dias após a germinação) e quatro repetições. Aos 90 dias após a semeadura avaliou-se a altura das plantas, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e das sementes. Houve efeito significativo da aplicação de A. brasilense e nitrogênio em plantas de aveia preta para todos os parâmetros avaliados, exceto altura, massa seca da parte aéreae massa fresca da semente.A inoculação de sementes de aveia preta com A. brasilense favoreceu a produção, obtendo resultados semelhantes à adubação nitrogenada, portanto seu uso pode ser uma alternativa aos produtores, visando a redução de custos com adubações químicas.
Bacterium Azospirillum brasilense has been gaining prominence when inoculated in seeds, resulting in root system increments, dry mass production and crop productivity. The objective of this work was to compare the effects of inoculation of A. brasilense and the application of different doses of nitrogen fertilizer under the production of black oats, in order to minimize production costs. The experiment was carried out at the experimental field belonging to the Faculty of Technology of São Paulo, Lupércio-SP, whose geographical coordinates are: latitude: 22º24'59 '' S, longitude 49° 48'56 '' W and altitude 669 m. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five treatments (T1= control, black oat not inoculated with A. brasilense and without application of N, T2= A. brasilense at the dose of 0.25 mL/ 14 g of seed, at the time of sowuing; T3= N 50% at the dose of 19g/ 2 m², 30 days after germination; T4 = N 100% at the dose of 38 g/ 2 m² and T5 = N 150% at the dose of 57 g/ 2 m² 30 days after germination) and four replicates. The sowing was done manually and in lines, being sown 292 seeds per linear meter. At 90 days after sowing the height of the plants was evaluated and then the plants were harvested and evaluated the fresh mass of the aerial part and the seeds and, after drying in an air circulation oven, the dry mass of the aerial part and seeds. There was a significant effect of the application of A. brasilense and nitrogen on black oat plants for all evaluated parameters, except for height, dry shoot mass and fresh seed mass.The inoculation of A. brasilense on black oat seeds favored the production, obtaining results similar to nitrogen fertilization.
Subject(s)
Avena/growth & development , Avena/microbiology , Avena/chemistry , Azospirillum brasilense/chemistry , CompostingABSTRACT
A bactéria Azospirillum brasilense vem ganhando destaque quando inoculadas em sementes, resultando em incrementos no sistema radicular, produção de massa seca e produtividade das culturas. Objetivou -se com esse trabalho comparar os efeitos da inoculação de A. Brasilense e a aplicação de diferentes doses de adubo nitrogenado sob a produção da aveia preta, buscando minimizar os custos de produção. O experimento foi realizado em campo, área experimental pertencente à Faculdade de Tecnologia Paulista, Lupércio-SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos (T1= testemunha, aveia preta não inoculada com A. brasilense e sem aplicação de N; T2= A. brasilense na dose de 0,25 mL/ 14 g de semente, no momento da semeadura; T3= N 50% na dose de 19 g/ 2 m², 30 dias após a germinação; T4= N 100% na dose de 38 g/ 2 m² e T5= N 150% na dose de 57 g/ 2 m², 30 dias após a germinação) e quatro repetições. Aos 90 dias após a semeadura avaliou-se a altura das plantas, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e das sementes. Houve efeito significativo da aplicação de A. brasilense e nitrogênio em plantas de aveia preta para todos os parâmetros avaliados, exceto altura, massa seca da parte aéreae massa fresca da semente.A inoculação de sementes de aveia preta com A. brasilense favoreceu a produção, obtendo resultados semelhantes à adubação nitrogenada, portanto seu uso pode ser uma alternativa aos produtores, visando a redução de custos com adubações químicas.(AU)
Bacterium Azospirillum brasilense has been gaining prominence when inoculated in seeds, resulting in root system increments, dry mass production and crop productivity. The objective of this work was to compare the effects of inoculation of A. brasilense and the application of different doses of nitrogen fertilizer under the production of black oats, in order to minimize production costs. The experiment was carried out at the experimental field belonging to the Faculty of Technology of São Paulo, Lupércio-SP, whose geographical coordinates are: latitude: 22º24'59 '' S, longitude 49° 48'56 '' W and altitude 669 m. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five treatments (T1= control, black oat not inoculated with A. brasilense and without application of N, T2= A. brasilense at the dose of 0.25 mL/ 14 g of seed, at the time of sowuing; T3= N 50% at the dose of 19g/ 2 m², 30 days after germination; T4 = N 100% at the dose of 38 g/ 2 m² and T5 = N 150% at the dose of 57 g/ 2 m² 30 days after germination) and four replicates. The sowing was done manually and in lines, being sown 292 seeds per linear meter. At 90 days after sowing the height of the plants was evaluated and then the plants were harvested and evaluated the fresh mass of the aerial part and the seeds and, after drying in an air circulation oven, the dry mass of the aerial part and seeds. There was a significant effect of the application of A. brasilense and nitrogen on black oat plants for all evaluated parameters, except for height, dry shoot mass and fresh seed mass.The inoculation of A. brasilense on black oat seeds favored the production, obtaining results similar to nitrogen fertilization.(AU)
Subject(s)
Avena/chemistry , Avena/growth & development , Avena/microbiology , Azospirillum brasilense/chemistry , CompostingABSTRACT
Meloidogyne spp. are the most economically important species of plant-pathogenic nematodes. Plant resistance and crop rotation are the main nematode management methods. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the resistance of seven wheat genotypes, five oat genotypes, ten sorghum hybrids, and three sorghum-sudangrass genotypes to Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica. The crops were sowed in pots with an autoclaved substrate. A single plant/pot was left after thinning. The soil was infested with 5,000 eggs of the studied nematodes. Tomato (cv. Rutgers) plants were used as the standard for nematode susceptibility. The evaluations were conducted 60 d after inoculation. Gall and egg-mass indexes were obtained according to a 0-5 scale. Plants with a reproduction factor higher than 1.0 were classified as susceptible (S) and lower than 1.0 as resistant (R). Wheat and oat genotypes did not allow M. incognita and M. javanica reproduction, proving resistance to these organisms. Sorghum genotypes had different reactions to M. incognita and M. javanica. The tomato (cv. Rutgers) plants demonstrated the viability of the nematode inoculum for the three crops. The wheat and oat genotypes and the sorghum hybrids 'BRS-610', 'BRS-800', and '307.343' can be used in crop rotation systems for M. incognita and M. javanica management.