ABSTRACT
Introduction: High rates of cardiac involvement were reported in the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This led to anxiety in the athletic population. The current study was set up to assess the prevalence of myocardial fibrosis and ventricular arrhythmias in recreational athletes with the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Methods: Consecutive adult recreational athletes (≥18 years old, ≥4â h of mixed type or endurance sports/week) underwent systematic cardiac evaluation after a prior confirmed COVID-19 infection. Evaluation included clinical history, electrocardiogram (ECG), 5-day Holter monitoring, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging with simultaneous measurement of high-sensitive cardiac Troponin I. Data from asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic athletes (Group 1) were compared with those with moderate to severe symptoms (Groups 2-3). Furthermore, a comparison with a historical control group of athletes without COVID-19 (Master@Heart) was made. Results: In total, 35 athletes (18 Group 1, 10 female, 36.9 ± 2.2 years, mean 143 ± 20 days following diagnosis) were evaluated. The baseline characteristics for the Group 1 and Groups 2-3 athletes were similar. None of the athletes showed overt myocarditis on CMR based on the updated Lake Louise criteria for diagnosis of myocarditis. The prevalence of non-ischemic late gadolinium enhancement [1 (6%) Group 1 vs. 2 (12%) Groups 2-3; p = 0.603] or ventricular arrhythmias [1 Group 1 athlete showed non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (vs. 0 in Groups 2-3: p = 1.000)] were not statistically different between the groups. When the male athletes were compared with the Master@Heart athletes, again no differences regarding these criteria were found. Conclusion: In our series of recreational athletes with prior confirmed COVID-19, we found no evidence of ongoing myocarditis, and no more detection of fibrosis or ventricular arrhythmias than in a comparable athletic pre-COVID cohort. This points to a much lower cardiac involvement of COVID-19 in athletes than originally suggested.
ABSTRACT
AIMS: In patients with systolic heart failure and left bundle branch block (LBBB), septal flash (SF) movement has been described by echocardiography. We evaluated the prevalence of SF in LBBB and non-LBBB patients and evaluated whether specific electrocardiographic (ECG) characteristics within LBBB are associated with the presence of SF on echocardiography. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and four patients with probable LBBB on standard 12-lead ECG were selected, 40 patients with non-LBBB served as controls. Left bundle branch block and non-LBBB were defined, according to the most recent guidelines. The presence of SF was assessed by echocardiography. Strict LBBB criteria were met in 93.3% of the patients. Septal flash was present in 45.2% of LBBB patients and was not present in non-LBBB patients. This was more prevalent in patients without anterior ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP) compared with those with anterior ICMP (P = 0.008). The duration of QRS was longer in SF patients compared with that of non-SF patients (P < 0.05). The presence of a mid-QRS notching in more than two consecutive leads was a good predictor for the presence of SF (P = 0.01), and when combined with an absent R-wave in lead V1, the presence of SF is very likely (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our data show that SF is present in 45.2% of LBBB patients, whereas it was absent in patients with non-LBBB. Patients with SF fulfilled more LBBB criteria compared with LBBB patients without SF. Our findings raise the provocative question of whether the presence of SF identifies patients with 'true LBBB' and whether this echocardiographic finding might be considered as a selection parameter in cardiac resynchronization therapy.
