ABSTRACT
Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of a group therapy based on cognitive-behavioral techniques customized for intermittent explosive disorder (IED). The current report presents the preliminary results of a clinical trial comparing pre- and post-intervention scores in different anger dimensions. Methods: The studied sample consisted of 84 treatment-seeking subjects. The mean (standard deviation) age was 43.0 (11.9) years, and 78% were male. The therapeutic group program consisted of 15 weekly sessions plus three maintenance sessions. The sessions lasted approximately 90 minutes each. Results: No differences were found in demographic profile and pre-treatment status between subjects who completed treatment (n=59) and dropouts (n=25). Comparison of State-Trait Anger Expression Scale (STAXI) scores pre- and post-treatment showed statistically significant changes in all anger scales and subscales of the questionnaire. Conclusion: This preliminary report is a significant addition to currently scarce clinical data. Our findings provide further evidence that structured cognitive-behavioral group therapy, with a focus on anger management and cognitive coping, may be a promising approach to the treatment of IED.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Psychotherapy, Group/methods , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods , Aggression/physiology , Anger Management Therapy/methods , Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/therapy , Anger/physiology , Reproducibility of Results , Controlled Before-After Studies , Preliminary Data , Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/psychologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of a group therapy based on cognitive-behavioral techniques customized for intermittent explosive disorder (IED). The current report presents the preliminary results of a clinical trial comparing pre- and post-intervention scores in different anger dimensions. METHODS: The studied sample consisted of 84 treatment-seeking subjects. The mean (standard deviation) age was 43.0 (11.9) years, and 78% were male. The therapeutic group program consisted of 15 weekly sessions plus three maintenance sessions. The sessions lasted approximately 90 minutes each. RESULTS: No differences were found in demographic profile and pre-treatment status between subjects who completed treatment (n=59) and dropouts (n=25). Comparison of State-Trait Anger Expression Scale (STAXI) scores pre- and post-treatment showed statistically significant changes in all anger scales and subscales of the questionnaire. CONCLUSION: This preliminary report is a significant addition to currently scarce clinical data. Our findings provide further evidence that structured cognitive-behavioral group therapy, with a focus on anger management and cognitive coping, may be a promising approach to the treatment of IED.
Subject(s)
Aggression/physiology , Anger Management Therapy/methods , Anger/physiology , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods , Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/therapy , Psychotherapy, Group/methods , Adult , Controlled Before-After Studies , Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Preliminary Data , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The study of biodiversity for species recovery and sustainable use has encouraged research with plants from Brazilian savannah. We aimed to characterize chemical and sensory properties of infusions of passifloras, due to their potential as functional beverages. Infusions and hydroalcoholic extracts of four species of wild passifloras, three varieties of Passiflora edulis and a commercial passiflora tea were evaluated for total phenolics (TPs), total flavonoids (TFs), condensed tannins (CTs), and antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP). Free-choice Profile and acceptance, compared with green tea, were performed for sensory characterization. RESULTS: In general, infusions had higher levels of TPs and CTs than hydroalcoholic extracts, which in turn had higher levels of TFs. Infusion of P. nitida showed higher amounts of TPs and antioxidant activity. Acceptance of passiflora infusions was similar or higher than that of green tea, except for P. alata. P. setacea presented a sensory profile similar to other commercial teas and higher acceptance by a group of consumers. CONCLUSION: Passiflora infusions showed different degrees of suitability as acceptable functional beverage. Identification of phenolics and other bitter compounds is needed to understand the intense bitterness of P. alata, as it did not present the highest contents of TPs, CTs and TFs.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Beverages/analysis , Consumer Behavior , Functional Food , Passiflora/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Taste , Antioxidants/analysis , Brazil , Color , Diet , Flavonoids/analysis , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Humans , Odorants , Phenols/analysis , Phenols/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Tannins/analysis , Tannins/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The present case-control study evaluates the role of the progesterone receptor (PR) polymorphism known as PROGINS as a risk factor for ovarian cancer development and investigates the association between these genetic variants and clinical/pathologic variables of ovarian cancer. PROGINS polymorphism was examined, by polymerase chain reaction, in a total of 80 patients with ovarian cancer and 282 control subjects. The frequencies of PROGINS polymorphism T1/T1, T1/T2, and T2/T2 were 71.3, 15.0 and 13.8% in ovarian cancer patients and 78.37, 21.63 and 0% in controls, respectively. The chi(2)-test showed a higher incidence of the T2/T2 genotype (P=0.001) in the ovarian cancer group. In addition, women carrying a mutated allele (T2) showed approximately 2.2 times higher risk of ovarian cancer development as compared to women who have a variant allele (odds ratio (OR)=2.2; 95% CI=1.80-3.54). Regarding the clinical and pathologic findings observed within the cancer group, there was a significant correlation between PROGINS polymorphism and patients with a familial history (chi(2)=6.776; P=0.009; Fischer exact test, P=0.01). In this regard, patients with familial antecedents have a 4.7 times higher likelihood to have at least one risk allele (T2) as compared with patients without familial antecedents (OR=4.69; 95% CI=1.38-15.87). No correlations were observed among the other variables. These data suggest that the PROGINS polymorphism T2/T2 genotype might be associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer.
Subject(s)
Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Receptors, Progesterone/genetics , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Introducción: a nivel mundial las neumonías en niños menores de cinco años causan morbilidad severa y mortalidad, lo cual amerita se realicen esfuerzos para su control. Sin embargo, niños con neumonía mayores de esas edades también representan una carga importante para los servicios de salud y en ellos la neumonía bacteriana, por frecuencia neumocócica tiene gran impacto. Un estudio de base poblacional se llevó a cabo durante tres años para determinar la carga de enfermedad que representan las neumonías en los niños hospitalizados de 0 a 14 años de edad. Objetivo: analizar los datos sobre las características clínico-radiográficas y la tasa de incidencia de la neumonía a fin de recomendar estrategias preventivas para los niños de cinco años y mayores de esa edad. Métodos: un estudio prospectivo, cubriendo una población expuesta de 43.103 de 5 a 14 años, se realizó en los departamentos de Paysandú y Salto. Todos los pacientes hospitalizados por una infección respiratoria aguda baja, que requirieron una radiografía de tórax, fueron incluidos en el estudio. La interpretación estandarizada de las radiografías de tórax clasificó a las neumonías. Resultados: de 2.658 pacientes captados, 474 (17,8 por ciento) eran niños de 5 años y más. Las neumonías predominaron en el segundo semestre del año así como en los niños de cinco a siete años (59,7 por ciento). Se diagnosticaron 228 neumonías consolidantes y 134 no consolidantes: las hospitalizaciones previas y el uso de antibióticos difirieron significativamente en ambos grupos. En el segundo año del estudio se registró la mayor tasa de incidencia que fue de 222/100.000. Diez niños requirieron cuidados intensivos y cinco fallecieron. Conclusiones: la tasa de incidencia de la neumonía consolidante, la severidad de los casos y los fallecidos señalan la necesidad de implementar medidas preventivas para los niños de 5 años y mayores de esa edad. La inmunización de estos niños con la vacuna antineumococo 23-valente resultaría...
Subject(s)
Male , Child, Preschool , Humans , Female , Child , Pneumonia, Bacterial/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Bacterial , Pneumonia/epidemiology , Pneumonia , Child, Hospitalized , Community-Acquired Infections , UruguayABSTRACT
Introducción: a nivel mundial las neumonías en niños menores de cinco años causan morbilidad severa y mortalidad, lo cual amerita se realicen esfuerzos para su control. Sin embargo, niños con neumonía mayores de esas edades también representan una carga importante para los servicios de salud y en ellos la neumonía bacteriana, por frecuencia neumocócica tiene gran impacto. Un estudio de base poblacional se llevó a cabo durante tres años para determinar la carga de enfermedad que representan las neumonías en los niños hospitalizados de 0 a 14 años de edad. Objetivo: analizar los datos sobre las características clínico-radiográficas y la tasa de incidencia de la neumonía a fin de recomendar estrategias preventivas para los niños de cinco años y mayores de esa edad. Métodos: un estudio prospectivo, cubriendo una población expuesta de 43.103 de 5 a 14 años, se realizó en los departamentos de Paysandú y Salto. Todos los pacientes hospitalizados por una infección respiratoria aguda baja, que requirieron una radiografía de tórax, fueron incluidos en el estudio. La interpretación estandarizada de las radiografías de tórax clasificó a las neumonías. Resultados: de 2.658 pacientes captados, 474 (17,8 por ciento) eran niños de 5 años y más. Las neumonías predominaron en el segundo semestre del año así como en los niños de cinco a siete años (59,7 por ciento). Se diagnosticaron 228 neumonías consolidantes y 134 no consolidantes: las hospitalizaciones previas y el uso de antibióticos difirieron significativamente en ambos grupos. En el segundo año del estudio se registró la mayor tasa de incidencia que fue de 222/100.000. Diez niños requirieron cuidados intensivos y cinco fallecieron. Conclusiones: la tasa de incidencia de la neumonía consolidante, la severidad de los casos y los fallecidos señalan la necesidad de implementar medidas preventivas para los niños de 5 años y mayores de esa edad. La inmunización de estos niños con la vacuna antineumococo 23-valente resultaría factible y recomendada en muchos de los casos. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Pneumonia/epidemiology , Pneumonia , Pneumonia, Bacterial/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Bacterial , Community-Acquired Infections , Child, Hospitalized , UruguayABSTRACT
The hundgut microbiota of the termites Armitermes euamignathus, Cornitermes cumulans and Anoplotermes sp. was examined using transmission electron microscopy. A great variety of bacterial forms were detected and they comprise bacillus, spirochetes and coccus. Negatively stained preparations of the hindgut content showed more than six different bacterial morphotypes including bacteria devoid of flagellum and flagellate. The number of flagella and their distribution in the bacterial surface is also variable.