Global research trends of studies related to mouthguards and dental injuries in sports activities: a bibliometric analysis.

Mouthguards (MGs) are essential devices for the protection of sports-related orofacial injuries. Mapping of the literature on this subject may help to guide future studies; therefore, this review aimed to characterize the research trends of studies related to MGs and dental injuries in sports activities through bibliometric analysis of in vivo studies concerning the frequency of MG use; knowledge, awareness, perception, and/or attitude about MGs; and adaptation (fit) of MGs in the mouth and/or prevention of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). A literature search was performed in 6 databases for studies published up to April 2022. Text mining and analysis software was used to extract and evaluate data related to the study author, country, keywords, journal of publication, and year. Additionally, data related to the type of study, outcome, study population, age group, evaluation method, type of MG, sport classification, and sport category were extracted and analyzed. Of 6140 records identified, 222 were included in the analysis. Most of the articles came from the United States (n = 39; 17.5%) and dentistry journals (n = 145; 65.3%). The journal Dental Traumatology (n = 60; 27.0%) presented the highest number of publications. Most studies were observational (n = 195; 87.8%) and evaluated the frequency of MG use (n = 163; 44.4%). Studies were carried out in athletes (n = 181; 82.6%) and adults (n = 169; 49.1%) using questionnaires or interviews for assessment (n = 206; 84.1%). Only 89 (40.1%) studies evaluated the type of MG, mostly involving contact sports. Custom-made MGs were most commonly studied. More studies involving coaches, dentists, and child and teenaged athletes are warranted to help prevent sportsrelated TDIs in young teeth, mainly through interventional studies on the perceptions of and knowledge about MGs among these populations.

A 14-Year Follow-Up Study of Sequelae in Primary Teeth and Permanent Successors After Dental Trauma

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the presence of sequelae in primary teeth and their permanent successors, as well as associations between TDI and the presence of sequelae in both teeth. Material and Methods: In this 14-year retrospective study, 2.290 records were reviewed, 192 patients who suffered dental trauma in primary teeth were followed until the eruption of successor teeth were included. Descriptive, chi-square, and regression logistic with generalized estimating equations tests were performed (p<0.05). Results: 362 primary and successor teeth were followed. Sequelae were present in 71.8% of primary teeth and 25.7% of their successors. Teeth with complicated fracture (100%), extrusion (100%) and avulsion (100%) resulted in the largest amounts of sequelae in primary teeth and intrusion (61%) on their successors. Age was associated with sequelae in permanent teeth (p<0.01). Extrusion (OR 10.06; CI 2.12-47.63) and intrusion (OR 7.51; CI 2.73-20.70) had a higher risk to cause sequelae in primary and permanent teeth, respectively. Conclusion: The type of injury involved influenced the sequelae in traumatized teeth and their successors, and the age of the child influenced the presence of sequelae in permanent teeth.

Desenvolvimento, validação e avaliação da eficácia de um folheto educativo sobre protetores bucais para crianças e adolescentes ­ uma estratégia de prevenção aos traumatismos dentários durante a prática de esportes / Development, validationand assessment of effectiveness of an educational folder about mouthguards in a child and adolescent population -a strategy for preventing dental trauma in sports

Oobjetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver, verificar a validação do conteúdo e avaliar a eficácia de umfolhetoeducativo sobre protetores bucais (PBs)paracrianças e adolescentes (C/A)com idadeentre oito equinze anos. As etapas de desenvolvimento e validação do conteúdo foram realizadas após pesquisa bibliográfica na literatura baseada em evidências sobre o assunto, e avaliação de estudantesde pós-graduação e/ou professores de odontologia, especialistas em educação, bem como porC/A (público-alvo). Foramcalculadoso índice de validade do conteúdo (IVC) para cada item (I-IVC) e o índice de validade total do conteúdo do folheto(F-IVC). Um questionário foi elaborado com questões relacionadas ao conteúdo do folhetoe a eficácia da aquisição de conhecimentos foi avaliada por meiode testes para dados pareados, considerando as respostasdasC/A antes e depois da leitura dofolheto. Modelos lineares generalizados e mistosforam utilizadospara avaliar associações não ajustadas e ajustadas, respectivamente(p<0,05). O poder da amostratambém foi calculado. Os itens foram considerados relevantes, representativos e com boa operacionalidade, e válidos comI-IVCe F-IVCde 1.0. Quarenta e quatro C/A com 10,9±2,2 anos foram incluídos e, apósaleitura do folheto, a média de respostas corretas teve um aumento significativo (p<0,001). No modelo ajustado, a "leitura do folheto" influenciou positivamente no conhecimento sobre PB (p<0,001). Um poder de amostragem de 100%foi obtido. Ofolhetoapresentou um conteúdo de validade satisfatória e deve ser consideradoum instrumento capaz de aumentar o conhecimento de C/A sobre PB (AU).

The aim of this study was to develop, verify the content validity and evaluate the effectiveness of an educational folder about MG for children and adolescents (C/A)between the ages of eight and fifteen. The steps of development and content validity were carried out after a bibliographic search for an evidence-based literature on the subject, and the evaluation ofMSc or PhD dentistry students and/or professors, education experts, as well as C/A (target group).The content validity index (CVI) for each item (I-CVI) and the total folder content validity index (F-CVI) after the PhD professors (judges) analysis was calculated. A questionnaire with assertions related to the content of the folder (indication, types and storage of MG, myths and truths about the device) was created, and the effectiveness of knowledge acquisition was evaluated by applying tests for paired data, considering C/Aresponses before and after reading the folder. Generalized and mixed linear model were used to evaluate unadjusted and adjusted associations, respectively. The sample power was also calculated. The I-CVI and F-CVI were 1.0, showing that the items were considered relevant, representative, showed good operability and were valid. Forty-four C/Aof 10.9±2.24 yearswere included and, after reading the folder, the mean of correct answers had a significant increase (p<0.001). In the adjusted model, "reading the folder" influenced positively on the knowledge about MG (p<0.001).Sample power of 100% was obtained. The folder presented satisfactory content validity and should be considered as an instrument capable of increasing the knowledge of C/Aabout MG (AU).