Methods used to achieve different levels of the neuronal differentiation process in SH-SY5Y and Neuro2a cell lines: An integrative review.

To study the process of neuronal differentiation, the human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and the murine neuroblastoma (Neuro2a) cell lines have proven to be effective models. For this approach, different protocols involving known neurotrophic factors and other molecules, such as retinoic acid (RA), have been assessed to better understand the neuronal differentiation process. Thus, the goal of this manuscript was to provide a brief overview of recent studies that have used protocols to promote neurodifferentiation in SH-SY5Y and Neuro2a cell lines and used acquired morphology and neuronal markers to validate whether differentiation was effective. The published results supply some guidance regarding the relationship between RA and neurotrophins for SH-SY5Y, as well a serum concentrations for both cell lines. Furthermore, they demonstrate the potential application of Neuro2a, which is critical for future research on neuronal differentiation.

Metal exposure in a child population after a mine tailings dam failure. Projeto Bruminha.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the urinary concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Mn in children living in areas directly affected by the tailings of the Brumadinho disaster. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional descriptive study on a population of 217 children aged 0 to 6 years, living in Córrego do Feijão (CF), Parque da Cachoeira (PC), Aranha (AR), and Tejuco (TJ), enrolled in the Longitudinal Study of Child Health in Brumadinho (Minas Gerais) - Projeto Bruminha. Socioeconomic data and urine samples were collected to determine the concentration of selected metals. RESULTS: Children living in locations not directly affected by the disaster (AR and TJ) had higher concentrations of As and Mn than those in directly affected areas (CF and PC). Additionally, children living in locations not potentially exposed to dust from tailings mud or mining activity (AR) showed higher urinary As concentrations than those potentially exposed (CF, PC, and TJ). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest the need to investigate possible sources of As exposure in children living in areas not directly affected by the disaster and not potentially exposed to dust.

Metal exposure in a child population after a mine tailings dam failure. Projeto Bruminha / Exposição a metais em uma população infantil após rompimento de barragem de rejeitos da mineração. Projeto Bruminha

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to analyze the urinary concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Mn in children living in areas directly affected by the tailings of the Brumadinho disaster. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional descriptive study on a population of 217 children aged 0 to 6 years, living in Córrego do Feijão (CF), Parque da Cachoeira (PC), Aranha (AR), and Tejuco (TJ), enrolled in the Longitudinal Study of Child Health in Brumadinho (Minas Gerais) — Projeto Bruminha. Socioeconomic data and urine samples were collected to determine the concentration of selected metals. Results: Children living in locations not directly affected by the disaster (AR and TJ) had higher concentrations of As and Mn than those in directly affected areas (CF and PC). Additionally, children living in locations not potentially exposed to dust from tailings mud or mining activity (AR) showed higher urinary As concentrations than those potentially exposed (CF, PC, and TJ). Conclusion: Our results suggest the need to investigate possible sources of As exposure in children living in areas not directly affected by the disaster and not potentially exposed to dust.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as concentrações urinárias de As, Cd, Pb, Hg e Mn em crianças residentes em localidades diretamente atingidas pelos rejeitos do desastre em Brumadinho. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo transversal de uma população de 217 crianças de 0 a 6 anos, residentes no Córrego do Feijão (CF), Parque da Cachoeira (PC), Aranha (AR), e Tejuco (TJ) e inscritas no Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde Infantil em Brumadinho (MG) — Projeto Bruminha. Dados socioeconômicos e amostras de urina foram coletados para determinar a concentração dos metais selecionados. Resultados: Crianças residentes em localidades não diretamente atingidas pelo desastre (AR e TJ) apresentaram maiores concentrações de As e Mn do que aquelas em localidades diretamente atingidas (CF e PC). Adicionalmente, crianças residentes em localidades não potencialmente expostas à poeira da lama de rejeito ou da atividade de mineração (AR) apresentaram maiores concentrações urinárias de As do que aquelas potencialmente expostas (CF, PC e TJ). Conclusão: Nossos resultados sugerem a necessidade de se investigar possíveis fontes de exposição ao As em crianças residentes em localidades não diretamente atingidas pelo desastre e não potencialmente expostas à poeira.

Protocol of the Longitudinal Study on Child Health in Brumadinho (MG): "Bruminha Project".

OBJECTIVE: To present the research protocol and to describe the preliminary results of the Bruminha Project. METHODS: This project is part of the set of health actions proposed under the Brumadinho Health Project. It is a prospective cohort study with periodic follow-ups for four years. The eligible population was all children aged 0 to 6 years living in four rural communities of the affected municipality. Sociodemographic and health data were collected, as well as urinary samples, for assessment of exposure to metals. RESULTS: In the first year of study, we evaluated 62% (217) of the eligible population and collected 172 (79%) valid urine samples. At least one metal was detected in all samples, and in 50.6% (n=87) or them, the metal concentration was higher than the reference value. In 38% (n=82) of the children, neuropsychomotor development was considered at risk. Report of respiratory allergy was four times (4.27) more frequent and of bronchitis 62% higher (1.62) in children living in locations exposed to dust from ore residues, compared to those living more than 10 km away from the site of the dam disaster. CONCLUSION: The study protocol was proven adequate to evaluate the proposed outcomes. The strategy used for population selection required adjustments regarding the long-term community awareness process, with new participants in the upcoming follow-ups (2022 and 2023).

Protocol of the Longitudinal Study on Child Health in Brumadinho (MG): "Bruminha Project" / Protocolo do estudo longitudinal de saúde infantil em Brumadinho (MG): Projeto Bruminha

ABSTRACT: Objective: To present the research protocol and to describe the preliminary results of the Bruminha Project. Methods: This project is part of the set of health actions proposed under the Brumadinho Health Project. It is a prospective cohort study with periodic follow-ups for four years. The eligible population was all children aged 0 to 6 years living in four rural communities of the affected municipality. Sociodemographic and health data were collected, as well as urinary samples, for assessment of exposure to metals. Results: In the first year of study, we evaluated 62% (217) of the eligible population and collected 172 (79%) valid urine samples. At least one metal was detected in all samples, and in 50.6% (n=87) or them, the metal concentration was higher than the reference value. In 38% (n=82) of the children, neuropsychomotor development was considered at risk. Report of respiratory allergy was four times (4.27) more frequent and of bronchitis 62% higher (1.62) in children living in locations exposed to dust from ore residues, compared to those living more than 10 km away from the site of the dam disaster. Conclusion: The study protocol was proven adequate to evaluate the proposed outcomes. The strategy used for population selection required adjustments regarding the long-term community awareness process, with new participants in the upcoming follow-ups (2022 and 2023).

RESUMO: Objetivo: Apresentar o protocolo da pesquisa e descrever os resultados preliminares da linha de base da população de estudo do Projeto Bruminha. Métodos: Este projeto é parte do conjunto de ações propostas no âmbito do Programa de Ações Saúde Brumadinho. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte prospectiva, com seguimento periódico por quatro anos, cuja população elegível foi constituída de todas as crianças de 0 a 6 anos de idade residentes em quatro localidades situadas na zona rural do município afetado, com coleta de dados sociodemográficos e de saúde e de amostras urinárias para avaliação da exposição a metais. Resultados: No primeiro ano de estudo foi avaliada 62% (217) da população elegível e se coletaram 172 (79%) amostras de urina válidas. Em todas as amostras analisadas foi detectado pelo menos um metal, e em 50,6% (n=87) concentrações urinárias acima do valor de referência. Em 38% (n=82) das crianças a avaliação do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor foi considerada de risco. O relato de alergia respiratória foi quatro vezes (4,27) mais frequente e de bronquite 61% maior (1,62) nas crianças residentes nas localidades expostas à poeira de resíduos de minério, proporcionalmente àquelas residentes a mais de 10 km do local do desastre. Conclusão: O protocolo do estudo mostrou-se adequado para avaliação dos desfechos propostos. A estratégia de captação da população de estudo necessitou de reajustes quanto ao processo de sensibilização da comunidade a longo prazo com entrada de novos participantes nos próximos seguimentos (2022 e 2023).

Cinema como experiência de lazer popular e inclusão social uma experiência com pessoas idosas / Cinema as leisure and social inclusion experience: an experience with elderly people

O presente artigo é resultado do projeto de extensão CINEPOP: Cinema como experiência de lazer popular e inclusão social, apresentado à UNESPAR, campus de Apucarana, cujo objetivo era a democratização do lazer levando o cinema às pessoas idosas de comunidades assistidas. Essas pessoas têm dificuldade de acesso às atividades citadas em função de características de consumo impostas pela indústria cultural. Atividades lúdicas, assim como o cinema possibilitam estímulos aos sentidos, exercitam o simbólico e exaltam emoções, estimulando as pessoas a pensar sobre a sociedade e refletir mais sobre questões de suas próprias vidas. A metodologia utilizada foi pesquisa qualitativa e bibliográfica. Utilizou-se de entrevista semiestruturada facilitando o diálogo para coleta de dados através da fala dos participantes. Foram realizados 4 encontros semanais com apresentação de filmes de época para os idosos de comunidades assistidas de Apucarana. Conclui-se que este tipo de atividade trouxe bons resultados e alcançou seu objetivo no tocante à satisfação dos idosos e também para a equipe, que pode sentir na prática a importância do lazer. Ressalta-se ainda que projetos como este deveriam ser permanentes, pois isto permitirá que os idosos tenham experiências divertidas, levando os a interagir com outras pessoas, tornando-os ativos na sociedade, estimulando a troca de experiências e bem estar.

The presente article results from the extension project "CINEPOP: Cinema as leisure and social inclusion enperience", presented to UNESPAR ­ Apucarana campus, which goal is leisure democratization by taking cinema to elderly included in assisted communities. Those people face several difficulties accessing cultural activities due to expenditure issues imposed by cultural industry. Ludic activities, as well as cinema, promote stimulus to senses, symbolism and emotion, leading people to wonder about society and consider countless topics concerning their own lifes. The mothodology applied was qualitative and bibliographic research. It has been also employed semi-structured interviews in order to facilitate the data gathering through participants´ speech. Four weekly exhibitions was arranged, with exhibition of peroid movies for the elderly from assisted communities on Apucarana. It may be deduced that this specifically kind of activity has brought fine results and has reached its goals when it comes to the satisfaction for both the elderly and the staff of the project, who could experience in practice the real importance of leisure. It may also be highlighted that projects like this one should be permanente, so it would allow the elderly to enjoy fun activities, leading them to interact with other people and making them more socially active, stimulating the exchange of life experiences and welfare.

Causes of nasoenteral tube obstruction in tertiary hospital patients.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obstruction of the nasoenteral tube is one of the complications of enteral nutrition therapy, and its causes and frequency of occurrence are not well understood. To evaluate the causes of enteral nutrition feeding tube obstruction. To study the time elapsed between the beginning of the nutrition therapy and the obstruction of the tube. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of 1170 patients aged 18 years or older who were hospitalized at Sírio-Libanês Hospital between January 2015 and October 2017, and who were undergoing enteral nutrition therapy delivered using an infusion pump through a nasogastric or nasoenteral tube. The study population included 683 (58%) men and 487 (42%) women. The median age was 79 years. Of these, 1084 patients received enteral nutrition and medication through the feeding tube, and 86 received medication alone. Variables investigated as causes of feeding tube obstruction were the administration of medication through the tube, type of diet, and use of symbiotics. RESULTS: Obstruction rates were 4% for up to 40 days of observation and 8% for the total observation time. The time for obstruction of 10% of the tubes in patients receiving rivaroxaban, linagliptin, metformin, and nystatin was 16, 19, 20, and 28 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The main cause of nasoenteral tube obstruction (odds ratio) was the combination of metformin (2.0), nystatin (3.1), linagliptin (4.3), rivaroxaban (2.4), and a high-protein diet (1.9). Overall, proper tube care and strict compliance with tubal drug delivery guidelines can result in low tube obstruction rates.

Smartphone and Facebook addictions share common risk and prognostic factors in a sample of undergraduate students / Dependência de smartphone e dependência de Facebook compartilham fatores de risco e prognósticos em uma amostra de estudantes universitários

Abstract Introduction To improve the comprehension of the interface between smartphone addiction (SA) and Facebook addiction (FA), we hypothesize that the occurrence of both technological addictions correlate, with higher levels of negative consequences. Moreover, we hypothesize that SA is associated with lower levels of social support satisfaction. Methods We recruited a convenience sample of undergraduate students from Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, with age ranging between 18 and 35 years. All subjects completed a self-fulfilled questionnaire comprising sociodemographic data, the Brazilian Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI-BR), the Bergen Scale for Facebook Addiction, the Barrat Impulsivity Scale 11 (BIS-11), the Social Support Satisfaction Scale (SSSS), and the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS-8). After completing the questionnaire, the interviewer conducted a Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Results In the univariate analysis, SA associated with female gender, with ages 18 to 25 years, FA, substance abuse disorders, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, low scores in SSSS, high scores in BSSS-8, and high scores in BIS. The group with SA and FA presented a higher prevalence of substance abuse disorders, depression, and anxiety disorders when compared to the group with SA only. Conclusion In our sample, co-occurrence of SA and FA correlated with higher levels of negative consequences and lower levels of social support satisfaction. These results strongly suggest that SA and FA share some elements of vulnerability. Further studies are warranted to clarify the directions of these associations.

Resumo Introdução Para melhorar a compreensão da interface entre dependência de smartphone (DS) e a dependência de Facebook (DF), avaliamos a hipótese de que a ocorrência simultânea de ambas as dependências corelaciona-se com o número de consequências negativas por elas produzidas. Além disso, avaliamos se a DS está associada a níveis mais baixos de satisfação com o suporte social. Método Recrutamos uma amostra de conveniência de estudantes de graduação da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, na faixa de 18 e 35 anos. Todos os sujeitos preencheram o questionário avaliando dados sociodemográficos e contendo a versão brasileira do Smartphone Addiction Inventory, a Escala de Bergen para DF, a Escala de Impulsividade de Barrat 11 (BIS-11), a Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social (SSSS) e a Escala Breve de Busca de Sensações (BSSS-8). Após o preenchimento do questionário, os entrevistadores realizaram a Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Resultados Na análise univariada, a DS associou-se ao sexo feminino, pessoas na faixa de idade entre 18 e 25 anos, rastreio para DF, transtornos por uso de substâncias, transtorno depressivo maior, transtornos de ansiedade, baixos escores na SSSS, altos escores na BSSS-8 e altos escores na BIS. O grupo rastreado positivamente para DS e DF apresentou maior prevalência de transtornos por uso de substâncias, depressão e transtornos de ansiedade quando comparado ao grupo rastreado apenas para DS. Conclusão Na amostra avaliada, a comorbidade de DS e DF se correlacionou a níveis mais altos de consequências negativas e níveis mais baixos de satisfação com o suporte social. Esses resultados sugerem que DS e DF compartilham fatores de vulnerabilidade. Estudos adicionais são necessários para esclarecer a direção dessas associações.

Intervenções de enfermagem para redução do edema de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca hospitalizados / Nursing interventions to reduce edema in hospitalized patients with heart failure

Objetiva-se sintetizar as melhores intervenções de Enfermagem para a redução do edema de pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca hospitalizados. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática quantitativa baseada no modelo do Instituto Joanna Briggs. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cinahl, Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute Library, PubMed, LILACS e Scopus. Os estudos relevantes foram avaliados metodologicamente por dois revisores. Dentre os 269 resumos encontrados nos bancos de dados, dois artigos atingiram padrão de qualidade por dois revisores independentes. As intervenções para redução do edema incluíam o gerenciamento de caso e a restrição hidrossalina associada a acompanhamento por telefone. A adesão ao tratamento e qualidade de vida melhoraram após as intervenções, mas não houve diminuição da readmissão hospitalar. Conclui-se que a base de evidências sugere monitoramento constante de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca hospitalizados para mensuração do edema, peso e ingesta hidrossalina, porém a literatura é escassa e oferece baixa possibilidade de síntese.(AU)

The aim of this study is to synthesize the best nursing interventions to reduce the edema of hospitalized patients with heart failure. This is a systematic quantitative review based on the Joanna Briggs Institute. The search was performed in the MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Cinahl, Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute Library, PubMed, LILACS and Scopus databases. The methodology of the studies was evaluated by two reviewers. The search identified 269 abstracts, and the two independent reviewers selected 02 studies. Interventions to reduce edema included case management and the hydrosaline restriction associated with telephone follow-up. Adherence to treatment and quality of life improved after interventions, but there was no decrease in hospital readmission. It is possible to conclude that the evidence base suggests a constant monitoring of patients with hospitalized heart failure to evaluate edema, weight and hydrosaline intake, however the literature is scarce and offers a low possibility of synthesis.(AU)

El objetivo del estudio fue sintetizar las mejores intervenciones de enfermería para la reducción del edema de pacientes con Insuficiencia Cardiaca hospitalizados. Se trata de una revisión sistemática cuantitativa basada en el modelo del Instituto Joanna Briggs. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Cinahl, Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute Library, PubMed, LILACS y Scopus. La metodología de los estudios fue evaluada por dos revisores. La búsqueda identificó 269 resúmenes, siendo que los dos revisores independientes seleccionaron 02 estudios. Las intervenciones para reducir el edema incluyeron la gestión de casos y la restricción hidrosalina asociada a seguimiento por teléfono. La adhesión al tratamiento y calidad de vida mejoraron después de las intervenciones, pero no hubo disminución de la readmisión hospitalaria. Es posible concluir que la base de evidencias sugiere monitoreo constante de pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca hospitalizados para evaluación del edema, peso e ingesta hidrosalina, sin embargo la literatura es escasa y ofrece baja posibilidad de síntesis.(AU)

Associação dos diagnósticos de enfermagem da NANDA internacional com hospitalização e morte em insuficiência cardíaca / Association of international NANDA nursing diagnoses with hospitalization and death in heart failure

Objetiva-se identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem da NANDA-I mais frequentes em uma clínica de insuficiência cardíaca, verificar a associação dos diagnósticos de enfermagem e outras variáveis independentes com o óbito. Estudo de coorte, retrospectivo com coleta de dados clínicos em prontuários e contato telefônico com os pacientes/familiares para a verificação de hospitalização/óbito. A análise ocorreu através do cálculo de frequências, mínimo, máximo, média, desvio padrão e regressão logística. Dentre os resultados foram identificados como diagnósticos de enfermagem mais frequentes a ansiedade, disfunção sexual, fadiga, intolerância a atividade e conhecimento deficiente, entretanto, não apresentaram associação com o óbito. Como previsores para óbito estão o sexo feminino, presença de internação hospitalar e não presença de obesidade. Conclui-se que as respostas dos pacientes à doença puderam ser identificadas através dos diagnósticos de enfermagem e de outras variáveis.(AU)

The aim of this study was to identify the most frequent NANDA-I nursing diagnoses in a heart failure clinic, to verify the association of nursing diagnoses and other independent variables with death. Cohort study, retrospective with clinical data collection in medical records and telephone contact with patients/relatives for hospitalization/death verification. The analysis was performed through the calculation of frequencies, minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation and logistic regression. Among the results, anxiety, sexual dysfunction, fatigue, activity intolerance and deficient knowledge were identified as more frequent nursing diagnoses, however, they were not associated with death. As predictors for death are the female sex, presence of hospitalization and no presence of obesity. It was concluded that the patients' responses to the disease could be identified through nursing diagnoses and other variables.(AU)

Identificar los diagnósticos de enfermería de la NANDA-I más frecuentes en una clínica de insuficiencia cardíaca, verificar la asociación de los diagnósticos de enfermería y otras variables independientes con el óbito. Estudio de cohorte, retrospectivo con recolección de datos clínicos en prontuarios y contacto telefónico con los pacientes/familiares para la verificación de hospitalización/ óbito. El análisis ocurrió a través del cálculo de frecuencias, mínimo, máximo, promedio, desviación estándar y regresión logística. Entre los resultados fueron identificados como diagnósticos de enfermería más frecuentes la ansiedad, disfunción sexual, fatiga, intolerancia a la actividad y conocimiento deficiente, sin embargo, no presentaron asociación con el óbito. Como predictores de defunción están el sexo femenino, presencia de internación hospitalaria y no presencia de obesidad. Se concluye que las respuestas de los pacientes a la enfermedad pudieron ser identificadas a través de los diagnósticos de enfermería y de otras variables.(AU)

Smartphone and Facebook addictions share common risk and prognostic factors in a sample of undergraduate students.

INTRODUCTION: To improve the comprehension of the interface between smartphone addiction (SA) and Facebook addiction (FA), we hypothesize that the occurrence of both technological addictions correlate, with higher levels of negative consequences. Moreover, we hypothesize that SA is associated with lower levels of social support satisfaction. METHODS: We recruited a convenience sample of undergraduate students from Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, with age ranging between 18 and 35 years. All subjects completed a self-fulfilled questionnaire comprising sociodemographic data, the Brazilian Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI-BR), the Bergen Scale for Facebook Addiction, the Barrat Impulsivity Scale 11 (BIS-11), the Social Support Satisfaction Scale (SSSS), and the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS-8). After completing the questionnaire, the interviewer conducted a Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). RESULTS: In the univariate analysis, SA associated with female gender, with ages 18 to 25 years, FA, substance abuse disorders, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, low scores in SSSS, high scores in BSSS-8, and high scores in BIS. The group with SA and FA presented a higher prevalence of substance abuse disorders, depression, and anxiety disorders when compared to the group with SA only. CONCLUSION: In our sample, co-occurrence of SA and FA correlated with higher levels of negative consequences and lower levels of social support satisfaction. These results strongly suggest that SA and FA share some elements of vulnerability. Further studies are warranted to clarify the directions of these associations.

Diagnóstico de enfermagem "intolerância a atividade" em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca crônica: estudo transversal / Nursing diagnosis "activity intolerance" in patients with chronic heart failure: cross-sectional study

Introdução: A insuficiência cardíacaé considerada uma das principais doenças causadoras de mortalidade no Brasil e se manifesta pela tríade de sinais e sintomas: dispneia, fadiga e edema, queixas que podem ser traduzidas pelo conceito de intolerância a atividade. Em clínicas especializadas, através da consulta de enfermagem é possível realizar ampla coleta de dados e então identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados ao diagnóstico de enfermagem Intolerância àAtividade(00092) da NANDA-I em pacientes com insuficiência cardíacacrônica em uma clínica especializada. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal cujas fontes de dados da pesquisa foram os registros de prontuários de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. Foram investigadas variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas, avaliação da qualidade de vida, nível de fadiga e avaliação da resposta cardiovascular dos pacientes ao exercício, além da sensação de fadiga e dispneia durante a atividade. Para verificar as associações das variáveis clínicas e sociodemográficas dos pacientes com a presença e ausência do diagnóstico de enfermagem Intolerância a Atividade(00092) foi utilizada para as variáveis contínuas o Teste t de Student (quando essas se apresentavam normais), e o teste Mann-Whitney, quando eram dados com apresentações anormais. Para comparação entre os dados categóricos foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado. Resultados: Incluíram-se 61 pacientes, idade média 63,2±11,9 anos,52% do sexo masculino, classe funcional da New York Heart AssociationII (60,7%). Apresentaram diferença estatística significativa a análise entre o grupo de pacientes com a presença do diagnóstico de enfermagem Intolerância a Atividade (00092)e a ausência do diagnóstico de enfermagemnas seguintes variáveis: classe funcional p<0,001; dispneia p<0,001, escala de Borg de fadiga, Borg de dispneia e percentual total da distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos com p valor variando entre p< 0,005 a p<0,001; As questões relacionadas ao domínio físico do questionário de qualidade de vida p<0,001 e três questões do questionário de avaliação de fadiga. Conclusão: É essencial que o enfermeiro tenha olhar crítico e realize avaliação minuciosa da qualidade de vida e nível de fadiga; avaliação do uso de nitratos associado a queixas de intolerância a esforços; sugira a realização do teste de caminhada de seis minutospara auxiliar na definição do diagnóstico de enfermagem Intolerância a Atividade (00092).

Intro: Heart failure is considered on e of the diseases with the highest mortality in Brazil, typically being expressed with its triad of signs and symptoms: dyspnea, fatigue and edema, whereas the concept of intolerance to an activity could summarize such situation. In specialized clinics, through nursing assessment, it is possible to collect a large amount of data, identifying Nursing Diagnosis. Objective: analyze associated factors to the Intolerance to Activity Nursing Diagnosis (00092) of NANDA-I in patients with Chronic Cardiac Insufficiency at a specialized Clinic. Methodology: This is a transversal, observational study of medical records of patients with Cardiac Insufficiency. Social-Demographic, Clinical, Quality of Life, Fatigue Levels and Cardio Vascular Response to Exercise were the assessed variables in the patients, as well as Perceived Exertion and Dyspnea during the activity. The Student T-Test (normal results) and Mann-Whitney test (non-normal results) were applied in order to verify the association between the Social-Demographic and Clinical Variations of the patients, for Nursing Diagnosis, with and without Intolerance to Activity (00092) respectively. For data comparison between the different categories, it was used Chi-squared distribution. Results: N=61 patients, 63,2±11,9 years of age, 52% male, New York Heart Association II (NYHA II) Functional Class (60,7%). There was a significant difference between the group with Nursing Diagnosis Intolerance to Activity (00092) and the Group with out the same Nursing Diagnosis in the following: NYHA II p<0,001; Dyspnea p<0,001, Borg Scale of Perceived Exertion, Borg Scale of Dyspnea and Total distance (%) in the 6-minute Walk Test, with P between p< 0,005 to p<0,001; The questions related to Physical Control in the Quality of Life Questionnaire p<0,001 and Three Question in the Fatigue Assessment Questionnaire. Conclusion: It is of extreme importance for the Nurse to have a critical approach and detailed analysis of both Quality of Life Questionnaire and Level of Fatigue; Assess the use of Nitrates associated to Intolerance to Exercise; suggesting the 6 minute Walk Test in order to support the Nursing Diagnosis Intolerance to Activity (00092).

Detecting active ingredients of insect repellents and sunscreens topically in skin by Raman spectroscopy.

We present the use of Raman spectroscopy for determination of functional characteristics of insect repellents and sunscreens by identifying the active ingredients of these products applied topically to the skin. Commercial formulations of insect repellents and sunscreens (SPF 15 and 30) were obtained, and Raman spectra were obtained from the formulations and from volunteers' skins with topical applications of such products compared to controls. The results indicated that, for insect repellents, the peaks at 527 and 1003 cm - 1 were markers of the presence of the active ingredient diethyl toluamide in the skin, while for sunscreens, the peaks at 1177, 1288, and 1611 cm - 1, associated to octinoxate, benzophenone-3, and avobenzone, were markers of the presence of solar filters in the skin. The results suggested reliability in the use of Raman spectroscopy to identify the active ingredients of insect repellents and sunscreens topically applied on the skin; the applied methodology can be used to determine the functional characteristics of topical products with similar characteristics.

Monoclonal Antibody DL11C8 Identifies ADAM23 as a Component of Lipid Raft Microdomains.

A disintegrin and metalloprotease protein 23 (ADAM23) is a transmembrane type I glycoprotein involved with the development and maintenance of the nervous system, including neurite outgrowth, neuronal adhesion and differentiation and regulation of synaptic transmission. In addition, ADAM23 seems to participate in immune response and tumor establishment through interaction with different members of integrin receptors. Here, we describe a novel monoclonal antibody (DL11C8) that specifically recognizes the cysteine-rich domain of both pre-protein (100 kDa) and mature (70 kDa) forms of ADAM23 from different species, including human, rodents and avian orthologs. Using this antibody, we detected both forms of ADAM23 on the cell surface of three neuronal cell lineages (Neuro-2a, SH-SY5Y and CHLA-20), with a higher relative content of ADAM23100 kDa. Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time that a catalytically inactive member of the ADAM family is present in the membrane signaling platforms, namely lipid rafts. Indeed, the mature ADAM2370 kDa partitions between raft and non-raft membrane domains, while the pro-protein ADAM23100 kDa is mainly expressed in non-raft domains. These membranous distributions were observed in both different brain regions homogenates and primary cultured neurons lysates from mouse cortex and cerebellum. Taken together, these findings point out ADAM23 as a lipid raft molecular component.

Characterization, specificity and sensibility of produced anti-Rhamdia quelen vitellogenin in Brazilian fish species.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are widespread used and can interfere on hormone regulation with adverse consequences for both biota and human. Vitellogenin (vtg) is a yolk precursor protein synthesized by the liver in response to estrogen. In order to characterize the vtg of tropical fish Rhamdia quelen and establish a molecular biomarker, adult male individuals were exposed to 17-ß-estradiol (E2) for vtg induction and anti-R. quelen vtg polyclonal antibodies production. Vitellogenic female fish were used as positive control group. E2-induced vtg was characterized as a glycolipophosphoprotein of high molecular mass with peptide mass fingerprint very similar in E2-exposed male and vitellogenic female fish. A polyclonal serum containing anti-R. quelen vtg antibodies was produced and showed high specificity and sensibility to detect the vtg of three fish species: R. quelen, Piaractus mesopotamicus and Prochilodus lineatus. Wildlife and laboratory studies reported that EDCs released into the environment may alter the levels of plasma vtg in male fish, making this protein a valuable biomarker of xenoestrogens exposure. Then, we propose the use of anti-R. quelen vtg as a tool for biomonitoring studies and water quality assessment in Brazil and South American countries where the three fish species occur.

Identification of novel putative-binding proteins for cellular prion protein and a specific interaction with the STIP1 homology and U-Box-containing protein 1.

Prion diseases involve the conversion of the endogenous cellular prion protein, PrP(C), into a misfolded infectious isoform, PrP(Sc). Several functions have been attributed to PrP(C), and its role has also been investigated in the olfactory system. PrP(C) is expressed in both the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory epithelium (OE) and the nasal cavity is an important route of transmission of diseases caused by prions. Moreover, Prnp(-/-) mice showed impaired behavior in olfactory tests. Given the high PrP(C) expression in OE and its putative role in olfaction, we screened a mouse OE cDNA library to identify novel PrP(C)-binding partners. Ten different putative PrP(C) ligands were identified, which were involved in functions such as cellular proliferation and apoptosis, cytoskeleton and vesicle transport, ubiquitination of proteins, stress response, and other physiological processes. In vitro binding assays confirmed the interaction of PrP(C) with STIP1 homology and U-Box containing protein 1 (Stub1) and are reported here for the first time. Stub1 is a co-chaperone with ubiquitin E3-ligase activity, which is associated with neurodegenerative diseases characterized by protein misfolding and aggregation. Physiological and pathological implications of PrP(C)-Stub1 interaction are under investigation. The PrP(C)-binding proteins identified here are not exclusive to the OE, suggesting that these interactions may occur in other tissues and play general biological roles. These data corroborate the proposal that PrP(C) is part of a multiprotein complex that modulates several cellular functions and provide a platform for further studies on the physiological and pathological roles of prion protein.

Saxitoxins induce cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress in teleost neurons in vitro.

The aim of this study was establish a protocol for isolation and primary culture of neurons from tropical freshwater fish species Hoplias malabaricus for assessment of the effects of neurotoxic substances as saxitoxins (STXs). Cells from brain of H. malabaricus were treated with different concentrations of trypsin, dispase and papain for tissue dissociation. Cells type was separated by cellular gradient and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) supplement nutrition media were added. The dissociated cells were plated with medium and different STXs concentrations and the toxic cellular effects such as oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and genotoxicity and apoptosis process were evaluated. Cultures treated with bFGF showed the greatest adherence, survival and cellular development. STXs increased specific activity of glutathione peroxidase and lipoperoxidation levels, were cytotoxic and genotoxic indicated by the comet assay. Although the STXs effects due the blockage of sodium channels is reported to be reversible, the time exposure and concentration of STXs suggested cellular injuries which can lead to neuropathology. The establishment of primary neuronal culture protocol enables new applications for neurotoxicological assessments.

STI1 antagonizes cytoskeleton collapse mediated by small GTPase Rnd1 and regulates neurite growth.

Rnd proteins comprise a branch of the Rho family of small GTP-binding proteins, which have been implicated in rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton and microtubule dynamics. Particularly in the nervous system, Rnd family proteins regulate neurite formation, dendrite development and axonal branching. A secreted form of the co-chaperone Stress-Inducible Protein 1 (STI1) has been described as a prion protein partner that is involved in several processes of the nervous system, such as neurite outgrowth, neuroprotection, astrocyte development, and the self-renewal of neural progenitor cells. We show that cytoplasmic STI1 directly interacts with the GTPase Rnd1. This interaction is specific for the Rnd1 member of the Rnd family. In the COS collapse assay, overexpression of STI1 prevents Rnd1-plexin-A1-mediated cytoskeleton retraction. In PC-12 cells, overexpression of STI1 enhances neurite outgrowth in cellular processes initially established by Rnd1. Therefore, we propose that STI1 participates in Rnd1-induced signal transduction pathways that are involved in the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton.

Maxillofacial fractures in the province of pescara, Italy: a retrospective study.

The aim of the present study was to assess the etiology and pattern of maxillofacial fractures in the Province of Pescara, Abruzzo, Central Italy. Was performed a retrospective review of patients treated at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of Spirito Santo Hospital from January 2010 to December 2012. Data collected and analyzed included sex, age, cause of injury, site of fracture, monthly distribution, and alcohol misuse. A total of 306 patients sustaining 401 maxillofacial fractures were treated. There were 173 males (56.5%) and 133 females (43.5%). Most of the patients (36.9%) were in the age group of 18-44 years. The most common causes of injuries were road traffic accidents (26.4%); the second leading cause was interpersonal violence (23.2%), followed by injuries associated with falls (19.2%). Fractures of the mandible (31%) and zygoma (23%) were the most common maxillofacial fractures in our study. The monthly distribution peaked in the summer (July and August, 30.4%) and in October (13.1%). In conclusion, this study confirms the close correlation between the incidence and etiology of facial fractures and the geographical, cultural, and socioeconomic features of a population. The data obtained provide important information for the design of future plans for injury prevention and for education of citizens.

Monitoring of fixture osteointegration after BAHA® implantation.

The osteointegration phase of BAHA(®) fixture was assessed via electrical impedance spectroscopy in BAHA(®) implantees. Measurements were carried out by using a prototype device and were correlated with previously published histological data obtained at certain times after surgery, i.e. 1-2 days, 1 week, 1 and 3 months. Module variations of impedance spectra were found to be in agreement with the different pathophysiological conditions of bone ingrowth. The proposed methodology has shown to be promisingly reliable to properly monitor BAHA fixture osteointegration.