ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Several authors have suggested an association between the ABO system (ABOS) and the risk of SARS CoV-2 infection. The objective of the present study was to identify the susceptibility of ABOS blood groups to COVID-19 at the National Institute of Public Health (INSP) of Mali. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was an unpaired case-control study. The cases (402) were COVID-19 patients, and the controls (5438) were Muslim pilgrims, all of whom had undergone ABO blood grouping at the INSP. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection status using SPSS version25 software. RESULTS: Blood types had the following frequencies: O(34%), B(30%), A(28%), AB(8%) for cases and O(42%), B(27%), A(25%), AB(6%) for controls. COVID-19 positive status was not significantly associated with blood groups A(oR=1.17; CI95%[0.93-1.47]), B(OR=1.11; CI95%[0.89-1.39]) and AB(OR=1.41; CI95%[0.97-2.06]). However, blood group O subjects were 28 times less likely to have COVID-19 than non-O(OR=0.72; CI95%[0.58-0.89). CONCLUSION: The results show that blood group O individuals were less likely to have SARS CoV-2 infection than non-O individuals. This should not affect the use of barrier measures in ABOS groups.
INTRODUCTION: Plusieurs auteurs ont suggéré une association entre le système ABO (SABO) et le risque d'infection au SRAS CoV-2. La présente étude avait pour objectif d'identifier la susceptibilité des groupes sanguins du SABO au COVID-19à l'Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP) du Mali. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODES: Il s'agissait une étude cas-témoins non appariée. Les cas (402) étaient des patients COVID-19 et les témoins (5438) des pèlerins musulmans tous ayant fait le groupage sanguin ABO à l'INSP. Une régression logistique fut réalisée afin d'identifier les facteurs associés au statut infectieux à SRAS-CoV-2en utilisant le logiciel SPSS version25. RÉSULTATS: Les groupes sanguins avaient les fréquences suivantes : O(34%), B(30%), A(28%), AB(8%) pour les cas et O(42%), B(27%), A(25%), AB(6%) pour les témoins. Le statut COVID-19 positif n'était pas significativement associé aux groupes sanguins A(OR=1,17; IC95%[0,93-1,47]), B(OR=1,11; IC95%[0,89-1,39]) et AB(OR=1,41; IC95%[0,97-2,06]). Cependant, les sujets du groupe sanguin O étaient 28 fois moins susceptibles de faire la COVID-19 que les non O(OR=0,72; IC95%[0,58-0,89). CONCLUSION: Les résultats suggèrent que les personnes du groupe sanguin O étaient moins susceptibles de faire l'infection par le SRAS CoV-2 que les non O. Cela ne devrait pas influer sur l'utilisation des mesures barrières au sein des groupes SABO.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , COVID-19/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , SARS-CoV-2 , Mali/epidemiology , Public Health , ABO Blood-Group SystemABSTRACT
Introduction: Plusieurs auteurs ont suggéré une association entre le système ABO (SABO) et le risque d'infection au SRAS CoV-2. La présente étude avait pour objectif d'identifier la susceptibilité des groupes sanguins du SABO au COVID-19à l'Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP) du Mali. Matériel et méthodes : Il s'agissait une étude cas-témoins non appariée. Les cas (402) étaient des patients COVID-19 et les témoins (5438) des pèlerins musulmans tous ayant fait le groupage sanguin ABO à l'INSP. Une régression logistique fut réalisée afin d'identifier les facteurs associés au statut infectieux à SRAS-CoV-2en utilisant le logiciel SPSS version25. Résultats: Les groupes sanguins avaient les fréquences suivantes : O(34%), B(30%), A(28%), AB(8%) pour les cas et O(42%), B(27%), A(25%), AB(6%) pour les témoins. Le statut COVID-19 positif n'était pas significativement associé aux groupes sanguins A(OR=1,17; IC95%[0,93-1,47]), B(OR=1,11; IC95%[0,89-1,39]) et AB(OR=1,41; IC95%[0,97-2,06]). Cependant, les sujets du groupe sanguin O étaient 28 fois moins susceptibles de faire la COVID-19 que les non O(OR=0,72; IC95%[0,58-0,89). Conclusion: Les résultats suggèrent que les personnes du groupe sanguin O étaient moins susceptibles de faire l'infection par le SRAS CoV-2 que les non O. Cela ne devrait pas influer sur l'utilisation des mesures barrières au sein des groupes SABO.
Introduction: Several authors have suggested an association between the ABO system (ABOS) and the risk of SARS CoV-2 infection. The objective of the present study was to identify the susceptibility of ABOS blood groups to COVID-19 at the National Institute of Public Health (INSP) of Mali. Material and methods: This was an unpaired case-control study. The cases (402) were COVID-19 patients, and the controls (5438) were Muslim pilgrims, all of whom had undergone ABO blood grouping at the INSP. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection status using SPSS version25 software. Results: Blood types had the following frequencies: O(34%), B(30%), A(28%), AB(8%) for cases and O(42%), B(27%), A(25%), AB(6%) for controls. COVID-19 positive status was not significantly associated with blood groups A(OR=1.17; CI95%[0.93-1.47]), B(OR=1.11; CI95%[0.89-1.39]) and AB(OR=1.41; CI95%[0.97-2.06]). However, blood group O subjects were 28 times less likely to have COVID-19 than non-O(OR=0.72; CI95%[0.58-0.89). Conclusion: The results show that blood group O individuals were less likely to have SARS CoV-2 infection than non-O individuals. This should not affect the use of barrier measures in ABOS groups.
Subject(s)
Blood Group Antigens , COVID-19ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: In Mali early detection and treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are still challenging due to the cost, time and/or complexity associated with regular tests. Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility (MODS) is a low-cost assay validated by WHO in 2010. It is a liquid-culture-based assay to detect the 'cording' characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and to assess susceptibility to both isoniazid and rifampicin defining multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). In this study we aimed to evaluate the performance of MODS as diagnostic tool compared with a validated method-Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube/Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing/Streptomycin, Isoniazid, Rifampicin and Ethambutol (MGIT/AST/SIRE). METHODS AND RESULTS: Between January 2010 and October 2015 we included 98 patients with suspected TB in an observational cohort study. The sensitivity and specificity of MODS assay for detecting TB were respectively 94.12% and 85.71% compared with the reference MGIT/7H11 culture, with a Cohen κ coefficient of 0.78 (95% CI 0.517-1.043). The median time to culture positivity for MODS assay and MGIT (plus interquartile range, IQR) was respectively 8 days (IQR 5-11) and 6 days (IQR 5-6). In detecting patients with MDR-TB, the sensitivity and specificity of MODS assay were respectively 100% and 95.92%. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were, respectively, 66.7% and 100%. The median turnaround times for obtaining MDR-TB results using MODS assay and MGIT/AST/SIRE was respectively 9 days and 35 days. Hence, the MODS assay rapidly identifies MDR-TB in Mali compared with the MGIT/AST/SIRE. CONCLUSION: As an easy, simple, fast and affordable method, the MODS assay could significantly improve the management of TB.
Subject(s)
Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/ultrastructure , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Cohort Studies , Early Diagnosis , Ethambutol/pharmacology , Female , Humans , Isoniazid/pharmacology , Male , Mali , Microscopy/methods , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Rifampin/pharmacology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
AIM: To determine the impact of emigration on HIV transmission in the Kayes region. PATIENTS AND METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2007 in the Fousseyni DAOU Hospital of Kayes. A total of 109 subjects were included - all participants were over 14 years old and were diagnosed as HIV positive. The variables studied were knowledge, attitudes and behaviors regarding HIV/AIDS, the notion of traveling outside of Mali and emigration. Pearson Chi2 and Fisher test were used for a bivariate analysis. RESULTS: The female/male sex ratio was of 2.51. In this data pool, 32.3% (10/31) of men were emigrants. More than a third 37.2% (29/78) of women had an emigrant as a sexual partner. There was no significant difference in the levels of knowledge regarding HIV between emigrants and those who never went abroad. The likelihood of having had relations with a sex worker in the preceding 12 months was nine times higher for an emigrant than to a non-emigrant [OR=9.13, CI 95% (2.20 - 37.84)].An emigrant was five times more likely to have at least two sexual partners [OR=5.11, CI 95% (1.37-18.94)]. CONCLUSION: This study showed that emigration is an important factor regarding the spread of HIV in the region of Kayes Mali. Sensitization of the candidates to emigration must be reinforced.
OBJECTIF: Déterminer la place de l'émigration sur la transmission du VIH dans la région de Kayes. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODES: Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale menée en 2007 à l'hôpital Fousseyni DAOU de Kayes. Au total 109 sujets de plus de 14 ans dépistés VIH positif ont été inclus. Les variables ont été les connaissances, attitudes et comportements par rapport au VIH/SIDA, la notion de voyage à l'extérieur du Mali et l'émigration. Le Chi2 de Pearson et le test exact de Fischer ont été utilisés pour l'analyse bivariée. RÉSULTATS: Le sex ratio a été de 2,51 en faveur du sexe féminin. Dans cette série, 32,3% (10/31) des hommes étaient des émigrants. Plus d'un tiers soit 37,2% (29/78) des femmes avaient comme partenaire sexuel un émigré. Il n'y a pas eu de différence significative entre les niveaux de connaissance en matière de VIH selon qu'on soit émigré ou non. Les risques qu'un émigré fréquente une professionnelle de sexe, 12 mois avant notre interview ont été 9 fois supérieurs à ceux d'un non émigré [OR=9,13 ; IC 95% (2,20 37,84)]. Un émigré était cinq fois plus susceptible d'avoir au moins deux partenaires sexuels [OR=5,11, 95% IC, (1,37 18,94)]. CONCLUSION: Cette étude a montré que le phénomène de l'émigration est un facteur d'expansion du VIH dans la région de Kayes au Mali. La sensibilisation des candidats à l'émigration doit être renforcée.
ABSTRACT
Previous studies on lymphatic filariasis in Mali showed high infection rate in rural area. This study was aimed to find Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria in human peripheral blood and larvae in vectors. For that purpose we carried out an entomological, clinical and parasitological study in Banambani a village located at 25 km from Bamako the capital city. The parasitological and clinical study was a single cross sectional study including night blood thick smear and physical examination. The entomological study was longitudinal with three annual surveys at the beginning, the middle and the end of the rainy season with parasite detection on vector by PCR. The infection rates by night thick smear was 1.5% of the study sample. The transmission was assured by Anopheles gambiae s.l and Anopheles funestus. Wuchereria bancrofti larvae have been detected on 0.5% of the vectors. The higher entomological inoculation rate (EIR) for An. gambiae s.l has been observed in August (4.03 infective bites per man per night) and in October for An. funestus (1.9 infective bites per man per night). Lymphatic filariasis is present in Malian rural area and transmission still occurring.
