Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/pathology , Facial Dermatoses/pathology , Facial Neoplasms/pathology , Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Facial Neoplasms/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/drug therapy , Middle Aged , Skin Neoplasms/drug therapyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: (Meth)acrylates are potent sensitizers and a common cause of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). The frequency of (meth)acrylate ACD has increased with soaring demand for acrylic nails. A preliminary audit has suggested a significant rate of positive patch tests to (meth)acrylates using aimed testing in patients providing a clear history of exposure. To date, (meth)acrylates have not been routinely tested in the baseline patch test series in the U.K. and Europe. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether inclusion of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) 2% in petrolatum (pet.) in the baseline series detects cases of treatable (meth)acrylate ACD. METHODS: During 2016-2017, 15 U.K. dermatology centres included 2-HEMA in the extended baseline patch test series. Patients with a history of (meth)acrylate exposure, or who tested positive to 2-HEMA, were selectively tested with a short series of eight (meth)acrylate allergens. RESULTS: In total 5920 patients were consecutively patch tested with the baseline series, of whom 669 were also tested with the (meth)acrylate series. Overall, 102 of 5920 (1·7%) tested positive to 2-HEMA and 140 (2·4%) to at least one (meth)acrylate. Had 2-HEMA been excluded from the baseline series, (meth)acrylate allergy would have been missed in 36 of 5920 (0·6% of all patients). The top (meth)acrylates eliciting a positive reaction were 2-HEMA (n = 102, 1·7%), 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (n = 61, 1·0%) and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (n = 57, 1·0%). CONCLUSIONS: We recommend that 2-HEMA 2% pet. be added to the British baseline patch test series. We also suggest a standardized short (meth)acrylate series, which is likely to detect most cases of (meth)acrylate allergy.
Subject(s)
Acrylates/immunology , Allergens/immunology , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/diagnosis , Methacrylates/adverse effects , Patch Tests/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Cosmetics/adverse effects , Cosmetics/chemistry , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/epidemiology , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/immunology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nails , Prospective Studies , United Kingdom/epidemiology , Young AdultSubject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnostic imaging , Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging , Skin Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Female pattern hair loss, also known as female androgenetic alopecia, is generally regarded as an androgen-dependent disorder representing the female counterpart of male balding. We describe female pattern hair loss occurring in a patient with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome suggesting that mechanisms other than direct androgen action contribute to this common form of hair loss in women.
