The alternative open reading frame of LAGE-1 gives rise to multiple promiscuous HLA-DR-restricted epitopes recognized by T-helper 1-type tumor-reactive CD4+ T cells.

The NY-ESO-1 and LAGE-1 genes are expressed by many human cancers, but not by normal tissues, with the exception of testis and placenta. The NY-ESO-1 and LAGE-1 genes give rise to multiple MHC class I and class II-presented epitopes derived from the open reading frames (ORF) 1 and 2. Here, we have investigated whether NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1 ORF2 encodes promiscuous MHC class II-restricted epitopes. Using a set of overlapping peptides from the ORF2 protein sequence and autologous dendritic cells (DCs) from normal donors and melanoma patients, we have identified three HLA-DRB1*0401-restricted peptide sequences from the LAGE-1 ORF2 that are capable of stimulating T-helper 1-type melanoma-reactive CD4+ T cells. From these bulk CD4+ T cells, we have generated CD4+ T-cell clones able to recognize not only peptide-pulsed DCs but also autologous DCs loaded with the LAGE-1 ORF2 protein. We have demonstrated that these peptides not only bind to multiple HLA-DR molecules apart from HLA-DRB1*0401 but also stimulate CD4+ T cells when presented in the context of these HLA-DR molecules. Furthermore, our binding data have delineated two additional sequences capable of broadly binding to multiple HLA-DR molecules. Altogether, these data support the immunogenicity of NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1 ORF2 gene products and clearly demonstrate their capability to stimulate T-helper 1 type CD4+ T cells. Because of the role of these cells in promoting long-lasting antitumor CTL responses, our data provide a rationale for cancer vaccine trials with peptides derived from the NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1 ORF2 for a large fraction of patients with NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1(+) tumors.

NY-ESO-1 119-143 is a promiscuous major histocompatibility complex class II T-helper epitope recognized by Th1- and Th2-type tumor-reactive CD4+ T cells.

The NY-ESO-1 gene product is expressed by a range of human tumors and is recognized by antibodies from sera of cancer patients with NY-ESO-1-expressing tumors. The NY-ESO-1 gene also encodes several MHC class I- and MHC class II-restricted tumor epitopes recognized by T lymphocytes. In particular, we previously reported that the NY-ESO-1 119-143 peptide contains at least two HLA-DRB1*0401-presented epitopes that are recognized by melanoma-reactive CD4+ T cells. Here we report that the NY-ESO-1 119-143 peptide can be presented in the context of multiple HLA-DR alleles to stimulate tumor-reactive CD4+ T cells. The NY-ESO-1 119-143 peptide is able to bind to several DR molecules. The NY-ESO-1 119-143 peptide is also capable of inducing specific CD4+ T cells in vitro from peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal donors and patients with melanoma who express these HLA-DR alleles. These CD4+ T cells recognize NY-ESO-1(+), HLA-matched or autologous melanoma cell lines, as well as autologous antigen-presenting cells fed with the NY-ESO-1 protein. We also demonstrate that the NY-ESO-1 119-143 peptide stimulates in vitro both Th1-type and Th2-type CD4+ T-cell responses from peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal donors and melanoma patients. Taken together, these data suggest a key role of the NY-ESO-1 119-143 peptide sequence in the induction of cellular and humoral responses against NY-ESO-1-expressing tumors. They support the relevance of cancer vaccine trials with the NY-ESO-1 119-143 peptide in the large number of cancer patients with NY-ESO-1-expressing tumors.