ABSTRACT
Evidence-Based Psychological Treatments for Adults: A Selective Review. BACKGROUND: Psychological treatments have shown their efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency in dealing with mental disorders. However, considering the scientific knowledge generated in recent years, in the Spanish context, there are no updating studies about empirically supported psychological treatments. The main goal was to carry out a selective review of the main empirically supported psychological treatments for mental disorders in adults. METHOD: Levels of evidence and degrees of recommendation were collected based on the criteria proposed by the Spanish National Health System (Clinical Practice Guidelines) for different psychological disorders. RESULTS: The results indicate that psychological treatments have empirical support for the approach to a wide range of psychological disorders. These levels of empirical evidence gathered range from low to high depending on the psychological disorder analysed. The review indicates the existence of certain fields of intervention that need further investigation. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this selective review, psychology professionals will be able to have rigorous, up-to-date information that allows them to make informed decisions when implementing empirically based psychotherapeutic procedures based on the characteristics of the people who require help.
Subject(s)
Mental Disorders , Adult , Humans , Mental Disorders/therapyABSTRACT
Objetivo: Conocer el nivel de ansiedad y depresión que tienen los pacientes con cáncer de próstata en función de variables sociodemográficas (edad, nivel de estudios, situación laboral o tener pareja) y variables clínicas (grupo de riesgo, tipo de tratamiento o fase de supervivencia) y cómo el estado emocional puede variar en función de la calidad de vida y la información recibida. Método: Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 176 hombres, entre 2015-2016, que habían recibido tratamientos locales, hormonales o combinados. Se realizó una entrevista y se administró los cuestionarios BAI, BDI-II, EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ-PR25 y EORTC QLQ-INFO25. Resultados: Las puntuaciones de los inventarios BAI y BDI-II son bajas, los síntomas de depresión son más elevados y aparecen con más frecuencia. No existen diferencias significativas en función de las variables sociodemográficas ni tampoco en función de variables clínicas como el grupo de riesgo o la fase de supervivencia. Sin embargo, los hombres que reciben tratamientos hormonales padecen más ansiedad y depresión que aquellos que reciben tratamientos locales. Además, los hombres, que tienen peor calidad de vida y/o recibieron peor información, presentan más síntomas de ansiedad y depresión. Conclusiones: En general, nuestros hombres no presentan ansiedad o depresión clínica. Se debe prestar especial cuidado a los hombres que reciben tratamientos hormonales, aquellos que padecen efectos adversos derivados de los tratamientos o presentan peor calidad de vida. Y en todos los casos, es necesario mejorar la comunicación desde el momento del diagnóstico, entre otras cosas, porque el hombre informado adecuadamente presenta mejor estado emocional
Objective: To know the level of anxiety and depression that patients with prostate cancer have based on sociodemographic variables (age, level of studies, employment status or having a partner) and clinical variables (risk group, type of treatment or survival phase), and how the emotionalstate can vary depending on the quality of life and the information received. Method: 176 men were randomly selected, between 2015-2016, who had received local, hormonal or combined treatments. An interview was conducted and the BAI, BDI-II, EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ-PR25 and EORTC QLQ-INFO25 questionnaires were administered. Results: BAI and BDI-II inventory scores are low, depression symptoms are higher and appear more frequently. There are no significant differences depending on the sociodemographic variables or clinical variables such as the risk group or the survival phase. However, men who receive hormonal treatments suffer more anxiety and depression than those who receive local treatments. In addition, men who have worse quality of life and / or received worse information have more symptoms of anxiety and depression. Conclusions: In general, our men do not present anxiety or clinical depression. Special care should be given to men who receive hormonal treatments, those who suffer adverse effects from the treatments or have a worse quality of life. And in all cases, it is necessary to improve communication from the moment of diagnosis, among other things, because the properly informed man has a better emotional state
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Prostatic Neoplasms/psychology , Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy , Depression/psychology , Anxiety/psychology , Quality of Life/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Se lleva a cabo una revisión sobre los objetivos, procedimiento e instrumentos de la evaluación psicológica del dolor. Se exponen las principales recomendaciones clínicas en cuanto a la entrevista, auto-registro, la observación conductual, registros psicofisiológicos, cuestionarios de dolor, afrontamiento, impacto en el estado emocional, función social y psicopatología. Asimismo, se presentan las recomendaciones en la evaluación del dolor en neonatos, niños preverbales y mayores, así como ancianos con demencia (AU)
This article is a review of aims, procedures and tools in the psychological assessment of pain. The most important clinical recommendations are given with regard to interview, self-monitoring, behavioral observation, psycho-physiological records, pain questionnaires, coping, impact on emotional condition, social function, and psychopathology. Likewise, recommendations are provided on pain assessment in newborns, toddlers, other children, and elderly people with dementia (AU)