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1.
Nutr. clín. diet. hosp ; 37(2): 89-97, 2017. graf, tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-165438

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El tratamiento de la disfagia requiere un abordaje multidisciplinar que incluye el dietético. En éste, la adaptación correcta de la textura de los alimentos sólidos y la viscosidad de los líquidos a la capacidad funcional de deglución del paciente, es clave para la seguridad, la suficiencia nutricional y calidad sensorial de la dieta. Objetivo: Conocer diferentes terminologías para la descripción de textura y viscosidad de alimentos empleados en el diseño de dietas de textura modificada (DTM), y discutir las limitaciones en su interpretación práctica. Metodología: Revisión (2010-2015) en Web of Science con términos de búsqueda (español e inglés): texture modified foods, texture modified diet, dysphagia, swallowing, thickened fluids, dementia, dysphagia in the elderly, diet modification, molecular gastronomy. Resultados: La literatura consultada coincide en las directrices generales para el abordaje dietético de disfagia pero difiere parcialmente en las terminologías y descriptores (y su interpretación) de textura en alimentos sólidos y viscosidad de líquidos, lo que limita la comparabilidad de estudios y favorece la confusión en su utilización práctica. La amplia variabilidad entre instituciones y países también se manifiesta en las guías y menús de DTM propuestos, de diferente calidad nutricional y organoléptica. Conclusiones: Es necesario revisar algunos descriptores de textura y viscosidad para unificar criterios y facilitar su aplicación domiciliaria. Se considera importante también ampliar los estudios en DTM hacia aspectos sensoriales, hedónicos para mejorar su palatabilidad y controlar los factores ambientales que influyen en ésta (AU)


Introduction: The management of dysphagia requires a multidisciplinary approach including diet. The right adaptation of the texture of solid foods and viscosity of liquids to swallow functional capacity of the patient is key to the safety, nutritional adequacy and sensory quality of the diet. Objective: To know different terminologies for describing texture and viscosity of food used in the design of texture modified diets (TMD) and to discuss the limitations in its practical interpretation. Methodology: Review (2010-2015) in Web of Science with search terms (Spanish and English): texture modified foods, texture modified diet, dysphagia, swallowing, thickened fluids, dementia, dysphagia in the elderly, diet modification, molecular gastronomy Results: Scientific literature agrees on the general guidelines for the dietary approach of dysphagia but partially differs in terminologies and descriptors (and their interpretation) of texture in solid foods and viscosity of liquids, which limits the comparability of studies and promotes confusion in practical use. The wide variability between institutions and countries is also reflected in the guidelines and proposed TMD menus with different nutritional and organoleptic quality. Conclusions: To review some descriptors of texture and viscosity to unify criteria and facilitate their application at home is necessary. To extend the DTM studies to sensory and hedonic aspects would be very important to improve their palatability and control environmental factors that influence in it (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Deglutition Disorders/diet therapy , Nutrition Therapy/methods , Terminology as Topic , Diet/standards , Dietary Services/standards , Food Handling/standards , Aging , Viscosity
2.
Nutr Hosp ; 33(6): 1291-1298, 2016 Nov 29.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28000455

ABSTRACT

Introducción: a finales del siglo xx, no se conocía con precisión si la comida del comedor escolar contribuía adecuadamente a la dieta de la población infantil. Además, este servicio complementario no se contemplaba en el proyecto educativo del centro pese a considerarse fundamental en todas sus dimensiones.Objetivo: describir el origen y desarrollo del programa de comedores escolares de la Comunidad de Madrid (CM) en 15 años desde su implantación.Métodos: se elaboró una normativa a cumplir por las empresas de restauración, y que contemplaba aspectos nutricionales y de composición y variedad de los menús, que se utilizó en los concursos para acceder a la prestación del servicio de comedor escolar, publicados en los años 2001, 2002, 2005, 2009 y 2013. Además se realizaron visitas acreditadas a los centros sin previo aviso para verifi car el cumplimiento de la documentación aportada durante el concurso.Resultados: los criterios más actuales sobre programación y elaboración de menús escolares se recogen en el Pliego de Prescripciones Técnicas del año 2013 (C-504/001-2013). Un 92% de las empresas de restauración superaron los cinco concursos habidos en los 15 años de funcionamiento. Hasta el año 2014, se han realizado 755 visitas, revisándose un total de 574 centros.Conclusiones: el programa de comedores escolares de la CM, desde su implementación pionera en España, ha contribuido a la mejora del servicio complementario de comedor. En estos años se han ido incluyendo nuevos requisitos dietéticos y nutricionales que han logrado menús cada vez más ajustados a las recomendaciones de la población escolar.


Subject(s)
Dietary Services/organization & administration , Meals , Schools , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Dietary Services/statistics & numerical data , Dietary Services/trends , Humans , Menu Planning , Spain
3.
Nutr. hosp ; 33(6): 1291-1298, nov.-dic. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-159805

ABSTRACT

Introducción: a finales del siglo XX, no se conocía con precisión si la comida del comedor escolar contribuía adecuadamente a la dieta de la población infantil. Además, este servicio complementario no se contemplaba en el proyecto educativo del centro pese a considerarse fundamental en todas sus dimensiones. Objetivo: describir el origen y desarrollo del programa de comedores escolares de la Comunidad de Madrid (CM) en 15 años desde su implantación. Métodos: se elaboró una normativa a cumplir por las empresas de restauración, y que contemplaba aspectos nutricionales y de composición y variedad de los menús, que se utilizó en los concursos para acceder a la prestación del servicio de comedor escolar, publicados en los años 2001, 2002, 2005, 2009 y 2013. Además se realizaron visitas acreditadas a los centros sin previo aviso para verificar el cumplimiento de la documentación aportada durante el concurso. Resultados: los criterios más actuales sobre programación y elaboración de menús escolares se recogen en el Pliego de Prescripciones Técnicas del año 2013 (C-504/001-2013). Un 92% de las empresas de restauración superaron los cinco concursos habidos en los 15 años de funcionamiento. Hasta el año 2014, se han realizado 755 visitas, revisándose un total de 574 centros. Conclusiones: el programa de comedores escolares de la CM, desde su implementación pionera en España, ha contribuido a la mejora del servicio complementario de comedor. En estos años se han ido incluyendo nuevos requisitos dietéticos y nutricionales que han logrado menús cada vez más ajustados a las recomendaciones de la población escolar (AU)


Introduction: At the end of the 20th century there was no precise knowledgment of whether the food delivered at schools supported the children´s diets. Furthermore, this additional service was not included in the educational plan of the school, even though it had an impact in the pupils´ education in several ways. Objective: To describe the origins and development of School Meals Programme of the Community of Madrid after 15 years of functioning. Methods: A law gathering all the nutritional aspects, composition and variety of the menus was implemented and had to be followed by all the catering companies. Such law was used in different terms (2001, 2002, 2005, 2009 and 2013) to choose who could access to the school meals service. Visits to the schools without previous warning took place to verify that they were complying with the standards. Results: The most recent nutritional standards about the planning and elaboration of the school menus are gathered at the 2013 «Pliego de Prescripciones Técnicas» (C-504/001-2013). As an average, 92% of the participating catering companies approved in the fi ve terms. Until year 2014, 755 visits to these schools took place, revising a total of 574 of them. Conclusions: The School Meals Programme of the Community of Madrid, since the pioneer implementation in Spain, has markedly contributed to the improvement of this key service in the schools. Over these years new dietary requirements have been progressively introduced to produce more suitable menus to fit the scholar population recommendations (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , School Feeding , Nutrition Programs/organization & administration , Nutritional Requirements , Menu Planning/methods , Collective Feeding , Serving Size/standards , Nutrition Policy
4.
Nutr Res ; 36(11): 1210-1221, 2016 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27866829

ABSTRACT

Lutein and zeaxanthin (L+Z) accumulate in the retina. Although vegetables are major contributors to their intake, a stronger association between fruits and macular pigment optical density (MPOD) has been reported. We hypothesized that L+Z intake from fruits would have a stronger association with L+Z status markers (MPOD, serum concentrations) than intake from vegetables or eggs, and that those associations would also differ according to plant foods color. One hundred eight subjects (57 men; age groups, 20-35 and 45-65 years) were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. L+Z intake from fruits, vegetables, and eggs was determined using three 24-hour diet recalls and a country-specific carotenoid database. Vegetables were the major contributors (75%) to L+Z intake, followed by eggs (10%) and fruits (4%). Vegetables supplied 86% and 84% of the LandZ intake, respectively, and fruits supplied 3% and 16%. Green foods supplied 78% and 52% of LandZ, respectively, followed by red/orange (9% and 38%) and white/yellow (14% and 9%). Factorial analysis showed associations in older subjects. The explained variance of the first 2 principal components was 54% considering L+Z intake from fruits, vegetables, and eggs, and 55% considering L+Z intake from plant foods grouped by color. Macular pigment optical density is related to L+Z intake from fruits (0.264, P=.003) and is independent of that from vegetables and eggs. It is related to L+Z intake from red/orange foods (0.320, P=.000) and the serum concentrations to that from green foods (0.222, P=.11). Although vegetables and green foods of plant origin are the major contributors to L+Z intake, red/orange foods and fruits have the strongest relationship to MPOD in study participants (45-65 years of age).


Subject(s)
Fruit/chemistry , Lutein/administration & dosage , Macular Pigment/analysis , Vegetables/chemistry , Zeaxanthins/administration & dosage , Adult , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet , Eggs/analysis , Female , Humans , Lutein/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Nutrition Assessment , Retina/metabolism , Spain , White People , Young Adult , Zeaxanthins/blood
5.
Nutr Hosp ; 33(3): 263, 2016 Jun 30.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27513490

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: There are few studies assessing overall diet and food patterns of the oldest population. OBJECTIVES: To examine food groups consumption (grams and servings) and their compliance with the dietary guidelines in community-dwelling very old Spanish adults. The relationship with the risk of malnutrition was also studied. METHODS: Within the cross-sectional health study of elderly people of Villanueva de la Cañada (Madrid, Spain), in 98 non-institutionalized elders aged ≥ 80 years (66% women) food consumption was calculated from a 24-hour dietary recall and nutritional risk was assessed by Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Statistical significance was evaluated at 95% confidence level (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Men consumed significantly higher amounts of snacks/pickles and alcoholic beverages. The consumption of cereals/grain products (2 servings/day), vegetables (1.5 servings/day) and meat, fish, eggs (1.4 servings/day), was below desirable levels. As nutritional status got worse, fruit consumption was significantly smaller (p = 0.039). Relatively weak but highly significant correlations were found between MNA and oils/fats, fruits and alcoholic beverages. After adjustment for energy intake, oils and fats and fruits associations disappeared whereas a negative association between milk/dairy products and MNA was found. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary patterns of the elderly population of Villanueva are departing from the traditional Mediterranean diet and though adequate consumption of fruits, milk/dairy products, oils/fats and sugar/confectionery has been achieved, cereals/grain products, vegetables and the meat, fish, eggs group consumption was below the desirable levels. Deterioration of the nutritional status coincided with a reduction in the consumption of all food groups except for ready meals and milk/dairy products whose consumption increased. Further research on the influence of fruit, milk/dairy products, wine and olive oil consumption on nutritional status is required.


Subject(s)
Eating , Malnutrition/epidemiology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet , Diet, Mediterranean , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Male , Nutrition Surveys , Nutritional Status , Risk Assessment , Sex Factors , Spain/epidemiology
6.
Nutr. hosp ; 33(3): 572-579, mayo-jun. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-154473

ABSTRACT

Introduction: There are few studies assessing overall diet and food patterns of the oldest population. Objectives: To examine food groups consumption (grams and servings) and their compliance with the dietary guidelines in community-dwelling very old Spanish adults. The relationship with the risk of malnutrition was also studied. Methods: Within the cross-sectional health study of elderly people of Villanueva de la Cañada (Madrid, Spain), in 98 non-institutionalized elders aged ≥ 80 years (66% women) food consumption was calculated from a 24-hour dietary recall and nutritional risk was assessed by Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Statistical significance was evaluated at 95% confidence level (p < 0.05). Results: Men consumed significantly higher amounts of snacks/pickles and alcoholic beverages. The consumption of cereals/grain products (2 servings/day), vegetables (1.5 servings/day) and meat, fish, eggs (1.4 servings/day), was below desirable levels. As nutritional status got worse, fruit consumption was significantly smaller (p = 0.039). Relatively weak but highly significant correlations were found between MNA and oils/fats, fruits and alcoholic beverages. After adjustment for energy intake, oils and fats and fruits associations disappeared whereas a negative association between milk/dairy products and MNA was found. Conclusions: Dietary patterns of the elderly population of Villanueva are departing from the traditional Mediterranean diet and though adequate consumption of fruits, milk/dairy products, oils/fats and sugar/confectionery has been achieved, cereals/grain products, vegetables and the meat, fish, eggs group consumption was below the desirable levels. Deterioration of the nutritional status coincided with a reduction in the consumption of all food groups except for ready meals and milk/dairy products whose consumption increased. Further research on the influence of fruit, milk/dairy products, wine and olive oil consumption on nutritional status is required (AU)


Introducción: existen pocos estudios que valoren el consumo de alimentos de la población muy mayor. Objetivos: evaluar el consumo de los grupos de alimentos (gramos y raciones) y su adecuación a las recomendaciones para la población anciana española. Además se estudia su relación con el riesgo nutricional. Métodos: dentro del estudio transversal sociosanitario en mayores de Villanueva de la Cañada (Madrid), en 98 individuos ≥ 80 años (66% mujeres) se evaluó el consumo de alimentos a partir de un recuerdo-24 horas y el riesgo nutricional fue valorado mediante Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). La significación estadística se evaluó a nivel de confianza del 95% (p < 0,05). Resultados: los hombres consumieron significativamente mayor cantidad de aperitivos y bebidas alcohólicas. El consumo de cereales y derivados (2 raciones/día), verduras y hortalizas (1,5 raciones/día) y alimentos del grupo carnes, pescados y huevos (1,4 raciones/día) no alcanzó las recomendaciones. Al empeorar el estado nutricional el consumo de frutas fue significativamente menor (p = 0,039). Se han encontrado correlaciones relativamente débiles, pero altamente significativas entre el MNA y el consumo de aceites/grasas, frutas y bebidas alcohólicas. Tras ajustar la ingesta de energía, la asociación con los aceites/grasas y con las frutas desaparece mientras que surge una asociación negativa con el consumo de lácteos. Conclusiones: el patrón alimentario observado se desvía del mediterráneo tradicional. Así, aunque existe un consumo adecuado de lácteos, frutas, aceites/grasas y azúcares/dulces, el consumo de cereales y derivados, verduras y hortalizas y alimentos del grupo carnes, pescados y huevos no alcanzó las recomendaciones. El deterioro del estado nutricional coincide con una disminución en el consumo de todos los grupos de alimentos menos en el caso de los precocinados y los lácteos cuyo consumo aumenta. La infuencia del consumo de fruta, lácteos, vino y aceite de oliva sobre el estado nutricional requiere más investigación (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Elderly Nutrition , 24457 , Feeding Behavior , Nutrition Assessment , Malnutrition/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Recommended Dietary Allowances , Food Guide
7.
Nutr Hosp ; 32(6): 2584-7, 2015 Dec 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26667707

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: childhood obesity is one of the main public health concerns. The multifactorial and multilevel causes require complex interventions such the community based interventions (CBI). Thao-Child Health Programme is a CBI implemented in Spain since 2007. GOAL: show the Thao methodology and the latest cross-sectional and longitudinal results. METHODS: longitudinal cohort study (4 years of follow- up) and cross sectional study. RESULTS: the longitudinal study found an increase of 1% in the overweight prevalence after a follow-up of 4 years of Thao-Programme implementation in 10 municipalities with 6 697 children involved. The cross-sectional study carried out with 20 636 children from 22 municipalities found a childhood overweight prevalence of 26.6%. DISCUSSION: currently a brake in the increase of childhood overweight prevalence is considered a success due to the high prevalence worldwide. More studies well methodologically performed are needed to know the efficacy of the CBI's in this field.


Introducción: la obesidad infantil es una de las principales preocupaciones de salud pública. La etiología multifactorial y multinivel requiere de intervenciones complejas como las intervenciones de base comunitaria (CBI). El Programa Thao-Salud Infantil es una CBI implementada en España desde 2007. Objetivo: mostrar la metodología Thao y los últimos resultados transversales y longitudinales. Métodos: estudio de cohortes longitudinal (4 años de seguimiento) y estudio transversal. Resultados: el estudio longitudinal encontró un incremento del 1% en la prevalencia de exceso de peso tras 4 años de implementación del Programa Thao en 10 municipios con 6.697 niños y niñas involucrados. El estudio transversal llevado a cabo con 20.636 niños y niñas de 22 municipios encontró una prevalencia de exceso de peso infantil del 26,6%. Discusión: actualmente un freno en el incremento de la prevalencia de exceso de peso infantil es considerado como un éxito debido a la alta prevalencia a nivel mundial. Son necesarios más estudios metodológicamente bien realizados para conocer la eficacia de las CBI en este campo.


Subject(s)
Child Health , Community Health Services , Health Promotion , Life Style , Child , Child, Preschool , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Family , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Overweight/epidemiology , Prevalence , Spain/epidemiology
8.
Nutr. hosp ; 32(6): 2584-2587, dic. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-146119

ABSTRACT

Introduction: childhood obesity is one of the main public health concerns. The multifactorial and multilevel causes require complex interventions such the community based interventions (CBI). Thao-Child Health Programme is a CBI implemented in Spain since 2007. Goal: show the Thao methodology and the latest cross-sectional and longitudinal results. Methods: longitudinal cohort study (4 years of follow-up) and cross sectional study. Results: the longitudinal study found an increase of 1% in the overweight prevalence after a follow-up of 4 years of Thao-Programme implementation in 10 municipalities with 6 697 children involved. The cross-sectional study carried out with 20 636 children from 22 municipalities found a childhood overweight prevalence of 26.6%. Discussion: currently a brake in the increase of childhood overweight prevalence is considered a success due to the high prevalence worldwide. More studies well methodologically performed are needed to know the efficacy of the CBI’s in this field (AU)


Introducción: la obesidad infantil es una de las principales preocupaciones de salud pública. La etiología multifactorial y multinivel requiere de intervenciones complejas como las intervenciones de base comunitaria (CBI). El Programa Thao-Salud Infantil es una CBI implementada en España desde 2007. Objetivo: mostrar la metodología Thao y los últimos resultados transversales y longitudinales. Métodos: estudio de cohortes longitudinal (4 años de seguimiento) y estudio transversal. Resultados: el estudio longitudinal encontró un incremento del 1% en la prevalencia de exceso de peso tras 4 años de implementación del Programa Thao en 10 municipios con 6.697 niños y niñas involucrados. El estudio transversal llevado a cabo con 20.636 niños y niñas de 22 municipios encontró una prevalencia de exceso de peso infantil del 26,6%. Discusión: actualmente un freno en el incremento de la prevalencia de exceso de peso infantil es considerado como un éxito debido a la alta prevalencia a nivel mundial. Son necesarios más estudios metodológicamente bien realizados para conocer la eficacia de las CBI en este campo (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Healthy People Programs/organization & administration , Whole Foods , Overweight/prevention & control , Obesity/prevention & control , Evaluation of the Efficacy-Effectiveness of Interventions , /organization & administration , Cohort Studies , Life Style , Feeding Behavior
9.
Nutr J ; 13: 52, 2014 Jun 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24889185

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Lutein and zeaxanthin accumulate in retina (macular pigment). Their nutritional status can be assessed using dietary or biochemical markers and both have been associated with macular pigment optical density. We proposed to assess dietary and status markers of lutein and zeaxanthin in a group of healthy Spanish volunteers, considering the potential influence of age, gender and serum lipids to investigate the predictors of the macular pigment optical density. METHODS: Serum lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations, dietary intake and macular pigment optical density were determined in 108 healthy men and women (20-35 and 45-65 years), using high-performance liquid chromatography, 3-day food records and heterochromic flicker photometry, respectively. Mann-Whitney U-test, Spearman correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis were used for the statistical study. RESULTS: Serum concentrations and dietary intake of lutein plus zeaxanthin (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively) were higher in older vs younger subjects, whereas macular pigment optical density was lower (p = 0.038). The highest correlation coefficients between intake and serum were for fruit and serum lutein (ρ = 0.452, p < 0.0001) and for fruit and lutein + zeaxanthin (ρ = 0.431, p < 0.0001) in the younger group. Macular pigment optical density correlated with serum xanthophylls (ρ = 0.223, p = 0.02) and fruit and vegetable intake (ρ = 0.350, p = 0.0002), showing highest correlations when lutein and zeaxanthin were expressed in relation to serum lipids in older subjects (ρ = 0.262, p = 0.006). Multivariate regression analysis identified age and serum lutein as major predictors of macular pigment optical density (total sample), and a coefficient of determination of 29.7% for the model including lutein + zeaxathin/cholesterol + triglycerides, sex and fruit + vegetables in the older group. CONCLUSIONS: The establishment of normal/reference ranges for serum lutein and zeaxanthin should consider age ranges and be expressed in relation to lipid concentrations, at least in subjects over 45 years, as this could influence macular pigment optical density. The macular pigment optical density showed age-specific correlations with lutein plus zeaxanthin expressed in relation to serum lipid concentrations as well as with the fruit and vegetable intake.


Subject(s)
Lipids/blood , Lutein/blood , Macular Pigment/analysis , Zeaxanthins/blood , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Spain
10.
Nutr Hosp ; 28(3): 823-9, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23848109

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The software applications utilized to assess dietary intake usually focus on macro- and micronutrients, but not on other components of the diet with potential beneficial effects on health, which include the carotenoids. The degree to which each carotenoid exerts diverse biological activities differs and, thus, it is in our interest to know their composition in foods on an individual basis. OBJECTIVE: To develop a software application with individualized data on carotenoids that enables the calculation of their dietary intake and consultation of the contents of these compounds in foods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Software application developed with Java 7, which includes a database of the carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, ?-cryptoxanthin, ?-carotene and ?-carotene) in foods (including those that are major contributors to carotenoid intake in Europe), generated by HPLC. The variables include those relative to the foods, subjects and diets that are necessary to provide accurate information on the content of carotenoids in foods and to enable the calculation of their intake. RESULTS: The software application enables the calculation of the dietary intake of individual carotenoids from 128 foods (raw and cooked), and their contribution to vitamin A intake, in the two forms employed at the present time: retinol equivalents (RE) and retinol activity equivalents (RAE). CONCLUSIONS: This software application is a dynamic, specific and accurate tool for the consultation of carotenoid concentrations in foods and the calculation of their intake, aspects that are essential in research studies on diet and health.


Introducción: Las aplicaciones informáticas utilizadas para valorar la ingesta dietética suelen centrarse en macro y micronutrientes, pero no en otros componentes de la dieta con potenciales efectos beneficiosos sobre la salud, entre los que están los carotenoides. El grado en que cada carotenoide ejerce diversas actividades biológicas es diferente y por tanto, interesa utilizar datos de su composición en alimentos de forma individualizada. Objetivo: Elaborar una aplicación informática con datos individualizados de carotenoides que permita el cálculo de su ingesta dietética y la consulta del contenido de estos compuestos en los alimentos. Material y métodos: Aplicación informática desarrollada con Java 7, que incluye una base de datos de carotenoides (luteína, zeaxantina, licopeno, ?-criptoxantina, ?- caroteno y ?-caroteno) en alimentos (incluyendo aquellos que son principales contribuyentes a la ingesta de carotenoides en Europa), generados por HPLC. Se incluyen las variables relativas a los alimentos, sujetos y dietas, que son necesarias para una correcta información del contenido de carotenoides en alimentos y para el cálculo de su ingesta. Resultados: La aplicación informática permite calcular la ingesta dietética individualizada de carotenoides, a partir de 128 alimentos (crudos y cocinados) y su contribución a la ingesta de vitamina A, en las dos formas utilizadas actualmente, equivalentes de retinol y equivalentes de actividad de retinol. Conclusiones: Con esta aplicación informática se facilita la consulta de concentraciones de carotenoides en alimentos y el cálculo de su ingesta de forma ágil, específica y precisa, aspectos imprescindibles en los estudios de investigación sobre dieta y salud.


Subject(s)
Carotenoids/administration & dosage , Diet , Software , Vitamin A/administration & dosage , Humans
11.
Nutr. hosp ; 28(3): 823-829, mayo-jun. 2013. ilus
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-120059

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The software applications utilized to assess dietary intake usually focus on macro- and micronutrients, but not on other components of the diet with potential beneficial effects on health, which include the carotenoids. The degree to which each carotenoid exerts diverse biological activities differs and, thus, it is in our interest to know their composition in foods on an individual basis. Objective: To develop a software application with individualized data on carotenoids that enables the calculation of their dietary intake and consultation of the contents of these compounds in foods. Material and methods: Software application developed with Java 7, which includes a database of the carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene and β-carotene) in foods (including those that are major contributors to carotenoid intake in Europe), generated by HPLC. The variables include those relative to the foods, subjects and diets that are necessary to provide accurate information on the content of carotenoids in foods and to enable the calculation of their intake. Results: The software application enables the calculation of the dietary intake of individual carotenoids from 128 foods (raw and cooked), and their contribution to vitamin A intake, in the two forms employed at the present time: retinol equivalents (RE) and retinol activity equivalents (RAE). Conclusions: This software application is a dynamic, specific and accurate tool for the consultation of carotenoid concentrations in foods and the calculation of their intake, aspects that are essential in research studies on diet and health (AU)


Introducción: Las aplicaciones informáticas utilizadas para valorar la ingesta dietética suelen centrarse en macro y micronutrientes, pero no en otros componentes de la dieta con potenciales efectos beneficiosos sobre la salud, entre los que están los carotenoides. El grado en que cada carotenoide ejerce diversas actividades biológicas es diferente y por tanto, interesa utilizar datos de su composición en alimentos de forma individualizada. Objetivo: Elaborar una aplicación informática con datos individualizados de carotenoides que permita el cálculo de su ingesta dietética y la consulta del contenido de estos compuestos en los alimentos. Material y métodos: Aplicación informática desarrollada con Java 7, que incluye una base de datos de carotenoides (luteína, zeaxantina, licopeno, β-criptoxantina, α-caroteno y β-caroteno) en alimentos (incluyendo aquellos que son principales contribuyentes a la ingesta de carotenoides en Europa), generados por HPLC. Se incluyen las variables relativas a los alimentos, sujetos y dietas, que son necesarias para una correcta información del contenido de carotenoides en alimentos y para el cálculo de su ingesta. Resultados: La aplicación informática permite calcular la ingesta dietética individualizada de carotenoides, a partir de 128 alimentos (crudos y cocinados) y su contribución a la ingesta de vitamina A, en las dos formas utilizadas actualmente, equivalentes de retinol y equivalentes de actividad de retinol. Conclusiones: Con esta aplicación informática se facilita la consulta de concentraciones de carotenoides en alimentos y el cálculo de su ingesta de forma ágil, específica y precisa, aspectos imprescindibles en los estudios de investigación sobre dieta y salud (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Carotenoids/administration & dosage , Food, Formulated , Diet/methods , Medical Informatics Applications , Nutrients , Micronutrients
12.
Nutr. clín. diet. hosp ; 31(1): 20-27, ene.-abr. 2011. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-87594

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Valorar los menús escolares constituye una herramienta eficaz en la mejora de su perfil nutricional y de su papel formador en hábitos alimentarios correctos. En este contexto se encuadra el seguimiento de los comedores escolares de Villanueva de la Cañada (Madrid), que dirige el ayuntamiento desde 2004. Objetivos: Se estudia la influencia de este programa de seguimiento en función de la evolución (2004- 2008) de la oferta de verduras y hortalizas en los menús escolares. Métodos: A partir de los ciclos de menús impresos de noviembre del periodo 2004-2008 (711 menús), de los centros que imparten Educación Primaria, se codifica cada plato y guarnición según el grupo de alimentos al que pertenece el ingrediente principal y el modo de preparación culinaria. Tomando el año 2004 como referencia, se analizó la evolución de la oferta de verduras y hortalizas, utilizando números índices simples. Se introdujo el índice de repetición (platos ofertados/nº preparaciones distintas), como indicador de la variedad de las recetas. Resultados y discusión: Verduras y hortalizas se sitúan en segundo lugar, detrás de la pasta, como ingrediente principal de primeros platos pero con una evolución 2004-2008 a la baja (-11,9%). Se observa un aumento en la variedad de verduras presentadas. La oferta de estos alimentos como guarnición, también desciende ligeramente (-2,8%). Conclusiones: La oferta de estos alimentos se mantiene por debajo de las recomendaciones (1 ración/menú). Los programas de comedores escolares han de seguir haciendo hincapié en el aumento de la frecuencia y variedad de recetas de verduras y hortalizas en los menús (AU)


Introduction: The evaluation of the school meals is an effective tool in improving their nutritional profile and its formative role in adequate food habits. The monitoring of the served lunch in all the schools of Villanueva de la Cañada (Madrid), leader of the council since 2004 is fitted in this context. Objectives: The influence of this monitoring program based on the evolution since 2004 to 2008 in the supply of vegetables in the school lunch is studied. Methodology: From the Primary Schools menus cycles of November since 2004 to 2008 (711 menus), the components of each recipe are collected. The main ingredient is identified and classified in its food group, codifying as main dish or garnish. Based on 2004 as a reference, the evolution in the supply of vegetables was assessed using simple index numbers. To estimate the variety of the recipes, the index of repetition (dishes offered /number of different preparations) was used. Results and discussion: Vegetables are in the second position, behind pasta, as the main ingredient of main dish but with an evolution down (-11.9%) and also as garnish too, down slightly (-2.8%). There is an increase in the variety of vegetables supplied. Conclusions: The supply of vegetables is kept below the recommendation. The school meals programs must be emphasizing to increase the frequency and variety of recipes with vegetables in the menus (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , School Feeding , School Health Services , Vegetables , Vegetables , Program Evaluation , Spain
13.
Clín. investig. arterioscler. (Ed. impr.) ; 19(1): 30-36, ene. 2007. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-051669

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El proyecto HALE de la Unión Europea analizó los cambios con la edad y los determinantes de un envejecimiento sano en términos de mortalidad y morbilidad, funcionalidad física, psíquica, cognitiva y social en 13 países europeos. Material y métodos. Datos de los estudios Siete Países, FINE y SENECA. Se asociaron ingesta de nutrientes, biomarcadores de nutrientes, composición corporal, dieta, actividad física, tabaco, alcohol, salud percibida, funcionalidad psíquica y mortalidad. Resultados. La dieta mediterránea, no fumar y el consumo moderado de alcohol se asocian con una disminución de la mortalidad. Los suplementos de minerales y vitaminas no influyen en el riesgo de mortalidad. Conclusiones. Un estilo de vida aconsejado es mantener el peso corporal, consumir una dieta mediterránea, 30 min de actividad física al día, consumo moderado de alcohol y no fumar (AU)


Introduction. The HALE project of the European Union analyzed age-related changes and the determinants of healthy aging in terms of mortality and morbidity, and physical, mental, cognitive and social functionality in 13 European countries. Material and methods. Data from seven countries, contained in the FINE (Finland, Italy and the Netherlands elderly) and SENECA (survey in Europe on nutrition and the elderly, a concerted action) studies were used. Nutrients, biomarkers of nutrients, body composition, diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, perceived health, psychological functionality, and mortality were studied. Results. The Mediterranean diet, not smoking, and moderate alcohol consumption decrease the risk of mortality. Vitamin and mineral supplements do not modify the risk of mortality. Conclusions. Maintaining body weight, the Mediterranean diet, 30 minutes of daily physical activity, moderate alcohol consumption, and not smoking are recommended (AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Humans , Aging/physiology , Geriatric Assessment/methods , Energy Intake/physiology , Nutritional Status , Nutrition Surveys , Life Style , Europe , Risk Factors
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