ABSTRACT
ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO: Conocer la situación de los pacientes que ingresan en residencias de ancianos para recuperación tras una fractura de cadera y valorar su perfil de recuperación clínica y funcional. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se incluyó a los pacientes ingresados tras una fractura de cadera en los centros de un grupo residencial durante 2016. Se estandarizó un sistema de valoración y tratamiento y se les siguió durante 90 días. Se evaluó el estado nutricional (mediante el Mini-Nutritional Assessment y el índice de masa corporal), la presencia de dolor (mediante una escala analógica visual y la escala PAINAD) y la existencia de úlceras por presión, estudio analítico (vitamina D, hemoglobina y proteínas) y la situación funcional (mediante el índice de Barthel y la escala Functional Assessment Categories). RESULTADOS: En total 116 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La edad media fue 84,9 años (+/-6,7 DE) y 91 fueron mujeres (78,4%). Al ingreso, en las personas en las que pudo determinarse (56%), el 73,8% presentaron anemia, el 76,7% hipovitaminosis D, el 88% malnutrición o riesgo y el 15,3% úlceras por presión. Entre el ingreso y los 90 días, el estado funcional moderado-severo (IB < 60) se redujo del 90,4 al 39,6%, la dependencia para la deambulación del 97,3 al 36,1% y el dolor moderado-severo del 88,9 al 14,4% de los casos. Se resolvieron el 94,4% de las úlceras por presión. CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes derivados a residencias tras una fractura de cadera se trasladan en mala situación clínica y funcional. A los 90 días, se obtienen buenos resultados en la recuperación funcional y de la marcha, en el control del dolor y en la cura de las úlceras por presión
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and functional outcomes of patients discharged to nursing homes after a hip fracture. METHODS: The study included all patients admitted to a group of nursing homes after a hip fracture in 2016. A geriatric assessment protocol was applied, and patients were treated with a specific protocol for 90 days. They were assessed for nutritional status (Mini-Nutritional Assessment and Body Mass Index), pain (Visual Analogue Scale, and the PAINAD Scale), the presence of pressure ulcers, blood test (D vitamin, haemoglobin, proteins), and functional status (Barthel index and Functional Assessment Categories). RESULTS: Out of a total of 175 patients, 116 (75%) met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 84.9 years old (+/-6.7 SD), and 91 (78.4%) were women. At admission, 73.8% of 65 residents had anaemia, 76.7% hypovitaminosis D, 88% malnutrition or «at risk of malnutrition», and 15.3% had pressure ulcers. After 90 days, the moderate-severe functional status (Barthel index < 60) was reduced from 90.4 to 39.6%, dependence due to gait from 97.3 to 36.1%, and moderate-severe pain from 88.9 to 14.4%. Most of the pressure ulcers healed (94.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Patients admitted to nursing homes after a hip fracture had poor clinical and functional status. This study shows that after 90 days from admission these patients had positive outcomes in terms of functionality, gait, pain control, and pressure ulcers healing
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Hip Fractures/therapy , Nursing Homes , Prospective Studies , Nutritional Status , Health Status , Pain Management , Pain Measurement , Vitamin D Deficiency , Pressure UlcerABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and functional outcomes of patients discharged to nursing homes after a hip fracture. METHODS: The study included all patients admitted to a group of nursing homes after a hip fracture in 2016. A geriatric assessment protocol was applied, and patients were treated with a specific protocol for 90 days. They were assessed for nutritional status (Mini-Nutritional Assessment and Body Mass Index), pain (Visual Analogue Scale, and the PAINAD Scale), the presence of pressure ulcers, blood test (D vitamin, haemoglobin, proteins), and functional status (Barthel index and Functional Assessment Categories). RESULTS: Out of a total of 175 patients, 116 (75%) met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 84.9 years old (±6.7 SD), and 91 (78.4%) were women. At admission, 73.8% of 65 residents had anaemia, 76.7% hypovitaminosis D, 88% malnutrition or «at risk of malnutrition¼, and 15.3% had pressure ulcers. After 90 days, the moderate-severe functional status (Barthel index < 60) was reduced from 90.4 to 39.6%, dependence due to gait from 97.3 to 36.1%, and moderate-severe pain from 88.9 to 14.4%. Most of the pressure ulcers healed (94.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Patients admitted to nursing homes after a hip fracture had poor clinical and functional status. This study shows that after 90 days from admission these patients had positive outcomes in terms of functionality, gait, pain control, and pressure ulcers healing.
Subject(s)
Hip Fractures/rehabilitation , Homes for the Aged , Program Development , Aged, 80 and over , Anemia/epidemiology , Body Mass Index , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Hip Fractures/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Malnutrition/epidemiology , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Pain Measurement/methods , Physical Functional Performance , Pressure Ulcer/epidemiology , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Inappropriate drug prescription is a common problem in people living in nursing homes and is linked to adverse health outcomes. This study assessed the effect of an educational intervention directed to nursing home physicians in reducing inappropriate prescription and improving health outcomes and resource utilization. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, multicenter study. SETTING: A private organization of nursing homes in Spain. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty nursing home physicians caring for approximately 3900 nursing home residents in 37 centers were randomized to receive an educational intervention (30) or as a control group (30). INTERVENTION: 10 hours educational program, followed by on demand support by phone. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Outcomes were assessed in 1018 randomly selected nursing home residents. Appropriateness of drug use [measured by the Screening Tool of Older Persons Prescriptions (STOPP) and Screening Tool to Alert Doctors to Right Treatment (START) criteria], incidence of selected geriatric syndromes (falls, delirium) and health resource utilization (visits to physicians and nursing homes, visits to the emergency room, days of hospitalization) were recorded for 3 months before the intervention started and 3 months after the intervention finished. RESULTS: O total of 716 residents finished the study (344 cared for by the intervention group physicians, 372 cared for by control physicians). Mean age was 84.4 ± 12.7 years; 73% were women. The mean number of inappropriate drugs (STOPP criteria) was higher at the end of the study in the control than in the intervention group (1.29 ± 1.56 vs 0.81 ± 1.13), as was the number of residents on 6 or more drugs (76.5% vs.67.0%), using antipsychotics (9.1% vs 3.2%) or duplicate medications (32.5% vs 9.2%). The number of fallers increased in the control group (from 19.3% to 28%) and did not significantly change in the intervention group (from 25.3% to 23.9%); the number of residents with delirium increased in the control group (from 3.8% to 9.1%) and decreased in the intervention group (from 6.1% to 3.2%). The number of visits to a physician did not change in the control group (-0.22, P = .3) but were significantly reduced in the intervention group (-0.76, P = .01), the same happened with the number of visits to a nurse (-0.38, P = .4 in controls, -1.43 in the intervention group, P < .001). Visits to the emergency room and days in hospital significantly increased in the control group (+0.12 and +0.38) but were unchanged in the intervention group (+0.03 and +0.01). CONCLUSIONS: An educational intervention on drug use is feasible in nursing home physicians and improves the use of inappropriate drugs, use of antipsychotics, and drug duplications in their residents. It may also improve the risk of delirium and falls, and reduce the use of health care resources.
