Efficacy of physical activity shared between parents and children to improve sports initiation in the M.A.M.I.deporte® program.

Objective: To determine if the active methodology for improving sports initiation (M.A.M.I.deporte®) shared between children and parents successfully promotes children in sports activities, maintains their activity and improves long-term adherence. Participants: The study involved 118 participants aged between 2 and 11 years (6.3 ± 2.3). In the first season, 34 participated (16 girls; 18 boys); in the second season, 46 participated (22 girls; 24 boys) and in the third season, 38 participated (19 girls; 19 boys). Methodology: It was carried out from October to June over three academic years for two hours a week. Every 4 sessions a different sporting activity was carried out, planned so that parents and children could practise them, simultaneously. Analysis: At the beginning and end of each period, a survey was carried out on the sports activities in which the participants had started. If participants remained in the activity, the survey was face-to-face and if participants no longer attended the activity, they were contacted by telephone. Descriptive values were obtained for the variables in absolute and percentage form and a repeated measures anova was performed. Results: Vigorous physical activity performed was 3.82 ± 1.16 h/week in the first year, 3.38 ± 1.59 in the second year and 2.99 ± 1.46 in the third year with no significant differences between any of the years. 32.20% joined other sporting activities and only 6.78% gave up vigorous physical activity. Conclusion: Joint activity of parents and children contributed to maintaining vigorous physical activity at the recommended levels in the child population with only 6.78% (n = 8) of the participants dropping out.

Rol de las Federaciones Nacionales de Natación en la promoción de la salud: Comparación países desarrollados vs en vía de desarrollo / Roles of National Swimming Federations in Health Promotion: An International Comparison- Developed vs Developing Countries

Objetivos: Determinar el tipo de personal médico, las prioridades y actividades para la protección y promoción de la salud de las Federaciones Nacionales de Natación (FNN) según su nivel económico y determinar si aplicaban los programas relacionados con la salud de la Federación Internacional de Natación (FINA).Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal mediante una encuesta confidencial distribuida a las 208 FNN adscritas a la FINA. La encuesta fue validada y se obtuvo su fiabilidad estadística (coeficiente α de Cronbach de 0,8642 para n = 15). Las FNN se dividieron según su nivel económico en FNN de países desarrollados (n=66) y FNN de países en desarrollo (n = 142) siguiendo la clasificación de la Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (2016). Análisis: Se realizó una comparación estadística de las medias mediante la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Respondieron 80 FNN en desarrollo (56,3 %) y 55 desarrolladas (83,6 %). Hubo diferencias en la presencia de fisioterapeutas (FNN en desarrollo: 31,2%, desarrolladas: 58,1%, p < 0,005) y psicólogos (11,2% vs 21,8%; p = 0,096). La máxima prioridad para ambos grupos fue el Máximo rendimiento de los nadadores de élite, aunque Aumentar el número de nada-dores de élite era de mayor importancia para las FNN en desarrollo (4,1 vs 3,95; p < 0.05). Los Programas de Prevención de ahogamiento fueron los más frecuentes en ambos grupos, pero con diferencias significativas entre ellos (FNN En desarrollo: 58,7% vs FNN Desarrolladas: 74,5%; p = 0,058). Conclusiones: Las FNN no disponían del personal necesario para promover la salud de sus nadadores. La mayor prioridad de las FNN en desarrollo era Aumentar el número de atletas de élite, pero tenían bajos niveles de Prevención de lesiones, Vuelta a competir tras una lesión y de Exámenes médicos preparticipación, aunque en las FNN desarrolladas también eran bajos. La Prevención de ahogamiento fueron los programas más frecuentes pero la Salud de la población en general, la del atleta recreativo y el "Deporte Seguro" (sin acoso sexual) eran cuestiones de baja prioridad para todas

Purposes: To determine the profile of the medical personnel, the priorities and the activities/ researches of the National Swimming Federations of Developing and Developed countries with respect to the athletes' health protection and the promotion of health in the general population. Method: A descriptive transversal study through a confidential survey that was circulated to the 208 FINA National Member Federations. A statistical validity and reliability was obtained (Cronbach α coefficient of 0.8642 for n = 15). The NFs were divided based on their economic level, NFs of developed (n = 66) and developing countries (n = 142) following the classification of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, (2016). Analysis: A statistic comparison of measures with the test U of Mann- Whitney was executed. Results: 80 of the NFs from developing countries (56.3%) responded and 55 NFs from developed countries (83.6%). Evident differences were found in Presence of physiotherapists (Developing NFs: 31.2%, Developed NFs: 58.1%; p<0.005) and psycho-logists (11.2% vs 21.8%; p = 0.096). Top priority for both groups was Performance of the elite athletes, however Increasing the numbers of elite athletes was of major importance for the Developing NFs (4.1 vs 3.95, p < 0.05). The programs based around drowning prevention are the most prevalent of the programs run by both (58.7% vs 74.5%; p = 0.058). Conclusion: The NFs did not have the necessary personnel to promote the health of their athletes. Top priority for the Developed NFs was to Increase the numbers of elite athletes but they have low levels of Prevention of injuries programs. Coming back after an injury and Medical examination preparation were also low in Developed and in Developing NFs. Prevention of drowning program was the most frequent program/activity for health of general population, for the recreational athlete and "Save Sport" (without sexual abuse) they were questions of low priority for all of them

Еffects of fortified milk on cognitive abilities in school-aged children: results from a randomized-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals and long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential for children's brain development and cognitive functions. The current study investigated whether milk fortified with micronutrients and PUFA can result in improved cognitive function in mainstream school children. METHODS: One-hundred-and-nineteen children (age 8-14, 58 boys) were randomly allocated to a fortified milk group or a regular full milk control group. Participants consumed 0.6L/day of the milk for 5 months. We recorded relevant biochemical, anthropometric, and cognitive measures (working memory and processing speed) at the start of the study and at follow-up after 5 months. RESULTS: The fortified milk significantly increased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (change from baseline of 28% [95% CI 17-39%] vs. -6% [95% CI - 13 to 0%] in the control group) and serum 25OH-vitamin D concentrations (41% [95% CI 30-52%] vs. 21% [95% CI 11-30%] in the control group). The fortified milk improved working memory on one of two tests (32% [95% CI 17-47%] vs. 13% [95% CI 6-19%] in the control group). The fortified milk also indirectly increased processing speed on one of two tests; this effect was small and completely mediated by increases in 25OH-vitamin D concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that fortifying milk with micronutrients and PUFA could be an effective and practical way to aid children's cognitive development.

Predicción de lesiones deportivas mediante modelos matemáticos / Predicting sports injuries by means of mathematical models

Las lesiones deportivas que afectan a los miembros inferiores en los deportes de más impacto, como atletismo o baloncesto, se pueden predecir mediante el uso de ecuaciones de regresión logística. El primer índice predictor de lesiones fue descrito por Shambaugh en 1991, empleando como variables dependientes el desequilibrio del peso en apoyo bipodal y la desviación del ángulo Q del cuadriceps. Salazar (2000) desarrolló una fórmula matemática predictora de lesiones basada en la de Shambaugh mediante una ecuación de regresión logística y Fernández (2004) introdujo el grosor del muslo como variable trascendente en la predicción de lesiones, aportando una ecuación más precisa. Estas investigaciones muestran que el análisis de regresión logística puede ser un método válido en la discriminación de parámetros antropométricos relacionados con las lesiones deportivas, aportando un método fiable y sencillo que se podría utilizar en la práctica médica deportiva habitual

Sports injuries affecting the lower extremities in high impact sports, such as athletics or basketball, can be predicted by means of logistic regression equations. The first injury score was described by Shambaugh in 1991, using imbalance in bilateral weight and deviation of the Q-angle of the quadriceps as dependent variables. Salazar (2000) developed a mathematical equation to predict lesions based on Shambaugh's score and constructed through logistic regression analysis, while Fernández (2004) introduced thigh thickness as a transcendence variable in the prediction of injuries, leading to a more precise equation. These investigations show that logistic regression analysis can be a valid method for discriminating among anthropometric parameters related to sports injuries, providing a simple and reliable method that could be used in the routine practice of sports medicine (AU)

Influencia de la altitud sobre la regulación de la presión arterial en el ejercicio físico. Efectos sobre el sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona / The influence of altitude and exercise on the blood pressure regulating mechanisms renine-angiotensine-aldosterone

Objetivo: Investigar la influencia de la altitud moderada sobre la presión arterial y el sistema renina-angiotensina- aldosterona de mujeres jugadoras de voleibol de alto nivel (División de Honor de España).Hipótesis: El ejercicio físico intenso, unido a una menor presión parcial de oxígeno ambiental, deben modificar la presión arterial y, por tanto, sus mecanismos reguladores. Método: Se estudiaron 11 mujeres, jugadoras de voleibol de alto nivel, durante dos semanas en estado de normoxia (N1) (640 m. de altitud sobre el nivel del mar), durante las dos siguientes semanas en estado de hipoxia relativa (Primera semana: A1; segunda semana: A2) (2450 m. de altitud, en el Centro de Alto Rendimiento de Sierra Nevada, Granada, España) y nuevamente durante las dos semanas siguientes en normoxia (N2). Entrenaron dos veces al día, (3 horas al día), con niveles de entrenamiento similares. Cada día se determinaron la presión arterial al despertarse, antes y después de entrenar (tanto por la mañana, como por la tarde), los niveles de renina, angiotensia y aldosterona en sangre, el nivel de excreción de agua y el volumen urinario. Resultados: La aldosterona disminuye de forma significativa en la primera semana de hipoxia (A1) (valores de 157,0 pg/ml con una P<0,05 respecto a N1 y N2), al igual que la renina (valores de 12,82 pg/ml con una P£0,05 respecto a N1 y N2). La aldosterona aumenta en la segunda semana de hipoxia (A2) (169,3 pg/ml). También se produjo un incremento del volumen urinario (valores de 2918,1 ml con una P<0,05 respecto a N1 Y N2) y un incremento de la excreción de agua renal (valores de 2570,3 ml/día con una P<0,05). La presión arterial diastólica postentrenamiento mostró cambios significativos entre el estado de hipoxia y el de normoxia alcanzado valores de 69,72 y 73,45 mmHg en altitud con una P<0,05. Conclusiones: La renina disminuye en hipoxia, mientras que la aldosterona puede comportarse de forma variable. En altitud se incrementa el volumen urinario, la excreción de agua renal y la fracción de excreción de sodio a la vez que disminuyen el sodio y potasio urinarios. La presión arterial diastólica postentrenamiento sufre cambios muy significativos en altitud (AU)

Objective and hypothesis: To investigate the influence of moderate altitude on the Renine- angiotensine-aldosterone system in elyte volleybal women players. Intense physical exercise, combined with lower partial pressure of enviromental oxygen, should modify the blood pressure and therefore its regulating mechanisms. Method: Eleven elite women volleyball players were studied for a two week period in a state of normoxia (N1) at an altitude of 640 m above sea level, then during the following two weeks in a relative state of hypoxia (first week: A1; second week:A2), at a height of 2450 m in the Sierra Nevada High Performance Centre (Granada, Spain) and then again during the following two weeks in state of normoxia (N2). In each of those weeks, the players trained twice daily, each training session lasting abouth 3 hours, and at asimilar intensity. Blood pressure was taken each morning on waking, then before and after the training (morning and anfternoon) as well as the levels of Renine, angiotensine and aldosterone in blood and anothe levels of water excretion and quantity of urine. Results: Aldosterone values dropped significanty in th first week at hypoxia (A1) (values of 157,0 pg/ml with a p<0,05 in respect to N1 y N2), as well as renine (values of 12,82 pg/ ml with a p<0.05 in regards to N1 y N2). Nevertheless aldosterone increased during the second week hypoxia (A2) (169,3 pg/ml). There was also an increase in urinary volume (values of 2918,1 ml with a p<0.05 in respect to N1 and N2), and an increase of renal water excretion (values of 2570,3 ml/day with a p<0.05). Only the diastolic blood pressure wich was taken after the training showed any significant changes between the hypoxia and normoxia states, wich reached values of 69,72 and 73,45 mmHg in altitude, with a p<0.05 Conclusions: Renine decreases in hypoxia while aldosterone is variable. At altitude the volume of urine as well as renal water excretion and the sodium excretion increases while sodium and potassium decrease. The post-training diastolic blood pressure suffers significant changes at altitude (AU)