[Protective effect of compound bismuth and magnesium granules on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of compound bismuth and magnesium granules on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats and its possible mechanism. METHODS: Acute gastric mucosal injury model was developed with intraperitoneal injection of aspirin in Wistar rats. The rats were divided into normal control group, injury group, sucralfate protection group, compound bismuth and magnesium granules protection group and its herbal components protection group(each group 12 rats). In the protection groups, drugs as mentioned above were administered by gavage before treated with intraperitoneal injection of aspirin. To evaluate the extent of gastric mucosal injury and the protective effect of drugs, gastric mucosal lesion index, gastric mucosal blood flow, content of gastric mucosal hexosamine, prostaglandins (PG), nitric oxide(NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin (IL) -1, 2, 8 were measured in each group, and histological changes were observed by gross as well as under microscope and electron microscope. RESULTS: Contents of hexosamine, NO, and PG in all the protection groups were significantly higher than those in the injury group (all P<0.01), and content of NO in the compound bismuth and magnesium granules group was significantly higher than that in the sucralfate group ((11.29±0.51) vs(10.80±0.36)nmol/ml, P<0.05). The gastric mucosal lesion index, contents of TNF, and IL-1, 2, 8 were significantly lower in all the protection groups than in the injury group (all P<0.01), and contents of IL-2 and IL-8 in the compound bismuth and magnesium granules group were significantly lower than those in the sucralfate group ((328.17±6.56) vs(340.23±8.05)pg/ml, P<0.01; (170.82±7.31) vs(179.31±7.80)pg/ml, P<0.05). Tissue injury and inflammatory reaction in all the protection groups were obviously mitigated compared with the injury group. CONCLUSION: Compound bismuth and magnesium granules and its herbal components may have significant protective effect on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury.

[Security of hormone replacement therapy among postoperative patients with endometrial carcinoma: a Meta-analysis].

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the security of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among postoperative patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC). METHODS: A systematic review and Meta-analysis of studies on security of HRT among EC patients after operation was done by Revman 5.2 software. Studies were mainly searched from the CENTRAL, Medline, Embase, Ovid, Wanfang, CNKI databases. RESULTS: A total of 7 studies with 2 038 stageⅠand stageⅡ endometrial carcinoma patients were included. The quality of 6 studies included were medium, and 1 study was high. The endometrial carcinoma patients on HRT did not have a statistically increased incidence in the EC recurrence (RR=0.69, 95%CI (0.42-1.15), P=0.16) and cancer-induced death (RR=0.55, 95%CI (0.25-1.21), P=0.14). Subgroup analysis for the start of HRT within 6 months from time of surgery group and only estrogen replacement therapy group found no statistical different in the risk of the EC recurrence and cancer-induced death, compared with control group. No statistically increased risk of the EC recurrence was observed for estrogen plus progestin replacement therapy group. CONCLUSION: There is no statistical difference in the recurrence rate and cancer-induced death rate of EC whether the early stage postoperative patients used HRT or not.

Expression and functional role of long non-coding RNA AFAP1-AS1 in ovarian cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to determine the expression, roles and functional mechanisms of long non-coding RNA AFAP1-AS1 (AFAP1-AS1) in the progression of ovarian cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: AFAP1-AS1 expression was assessed in ovarian cancer samples and ovarian cancer cell lines by quantitative real-time PCR. The association of AFAP1-AS1 expression with clinicopathological factors was also analyzed. Gain-/loss-of-function studies were performed to investigate the expression pattern and functional role of AFAP1-AS1 in ovarian cancer. Effects of AFAP1-AS1 on cell proliferation were studied using cell-counting kit-8 assay. The effect of AFAP1-AS1 on ovarian cancer cells apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry assay. RESULTS: AFAP1-AS1 was highly expressed both in ovarian cancer samples and cell lines compared with their corresponding normal counterparts. High AFAP1-AS1 expression was significantly associated with response and FIGO stage. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments showed that AFAP1-AS1 promoted ovarian cancer cells proliferation. Flow cytometry assay showed that knockdown of AFAP1-AS1 promoted ovarian cancer cells apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that AFAP1-AS1 might be considered as a novel oncogene involved in ovarian cancer progression.

Comparisons of vaginal and abdominal radical trachelectomy for early-stage cervical cancer: preliminary results of a multi-center research in China.

BACKGROUND: There are limited data comparing the prognosis and fertility outcomes of the patients with early cervical cancer treated by trans-vaginal radical trachelectomy (VRT) or abdominal radical trachelectomy (ART).The objective of this study was to compare the surgical and pathologic characteristics, the prognosis and fertility outcomes of the patients treated by VRT or ART. METHODS: Matched-case study based on a prospectively maintained database of patients underwent radical trachelectomy in 10 centres of China was designed to compare the prognosis and fertility outcomes of the patients treated by VRT or ART. RESULTS: Totally 150 cases, 77 in the VRT and 73 in the ART group, were included. VRT and ART provide similar surgical and pathological outcomes except larger specimens obtained by ART. In the ART group, no patient developed recurrent diseases, but, in the VRT group, 7 (9.8%) patients developed recurrent diseases and 2 (1.6%) patients died of the tumours (P=0.035). The rate of pregnancy in the VRT group was significantly higher than those of ART (39.5% vs 8.8%; P=0.003). The patients with tumour size >2 cm showed significant higher recurrent rate (11.6% vs 2.4%, P<0.05) and lower pregnant rate (12.5% vs 32.1%, P=0.094) compared with the patients with tumour size <2 cm. CONCLUSION: Patients treated by ART obtained better oncology results, but their fertility outcomes were unfavourable compared with VRT. Tumour size <2 cm should be emphasised as an indication for radical trachelectomy for improving the outcome of fertility and prognosis.

Elevated NEFA levels impair glucose effectiveness by increasing net hepatic glycogenolysis.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Acute hyperglycaemia rapidly suppresses endogenous glucose production (EGP) in non-diabetic individuals, mainly by inhibiting glycogenolysis. Loss of this 'glucose effectiveness' contributes to fasting hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes. Elevated NEFA levels characteristic of type 2 diabetes impair glucose effectiveness, although the mechanism is not fully understood. Therefore we examined the impact of increasing NEFA levels on the ability of hyperglycaemia to regulate pathways of EGP. METHODS: We performed 4 h 'pancreatic clamp' studies (somatostatin; basal glucagon/growth hormone/insulin) in seven non-diabetic individuals. Glucose fluxes (D-[6,6-(2)H(2)]glucose) and hepatic glycogen concentrations ((13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy) were quantified under three conditions: euglycaemia, hyperglycaemia and hyperglycaemia with elevated NEFA (HY-NEFA). RESULTS: EGP was suppressed by hyperglycaemia, but not by HY-NEFA. Hepatic glycogen concentration decreased ~14% with prolonged fasting during euglycaemia and increased by ~12% with hyperglycaemia. In contrast, raising NEFA levels in HY-NEFA caused a substantial ~23% reduction in hepatic glycogen concentration. Moreover, rates of gluconeogenesis were decreased with hyperglycaemia, but increased with HY-NEFA. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Increased NEFA appear to profoundly blunt the ability of hyperglycaemia to inhibit net glycogenolysis under basal hormonal conditions.

Simultaneous detection by consensus multiplex PCR of high- and low-risk and other types of human papilloma virus in clinical samples.

A consensus multiplex PCR (CM-PCR) technique was developed to detect high-risk (HPV 16/18), low-risk (HPV 6/11), and over 40 other types of human papillomavirus (HPV), separately but simultaneously, by mixing three pairs of consensus primers in the same PCR mixture, for gene amplification. Simultaneous detection of three groups of HPV DNA provides valuable information for clinical practice and this procedure is simple and convenient for routine laboratory examinations. We detected HPV DNA sequences in plasmid HPV DNA and DNA extracted from tissues of condyloma acuminata and cervical carcinoma and from exfoliated cells of the lower genital tract of healthy Chinese women living in the People's Republic of China. We confirmed that this simple, convenient, and cost-beneficial CM-PCR technique is reliable for the detection of HPV DNA sequences.

Human papillomavirus in condyloma acuminata and other benign lesions of the female genital tract.

PCR was used to detect (HPV) in condyloma acuminata (CA), pseudocondyloma whose cause is unclear, and the other benign lesions in female genital tract. The results showed that HPV prevalence rate in CA was 98.2%, type 6 was in 11 was 85.7%, and that in pseudocondyloma, cervical polyp, cervical erosion and chronic vaginitis was 40.4%, 76.2%, 77.3% and 16.0%, respectively. Even in normal vaginal tissue, there existed HPV subclinical infection. HPV prevalence rate in swabs from patient's underwears and normal vaginal tissues was 73.6% and 54.0% respectively. The investigation of estrogen receptor (ER) in CA tissue carried out by immunohistochemical method found that positive ER was achieved in most of CA, and few of normal vulvar tissues was found. This result indicated that the occurrence of CA is probably related to estrogen.