ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are a major cause of hospitalization particularly at the extreme ages of life. OBJECTIVES: To determine the viral diagnosis in children < 5 years old with ARI, seasonality, clinical and epidemiological characteristics. POPULATION AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive and multicenter study was performed. Respiratory samples from patients with ARI hospitalized or outpatients with < 5 days of respiratory symptoms from June 2008 to May 2009 were studied for respiratory viruses. Clinical and demographic data were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 347 patients were enrolled: 234 hospitalized and 112 outpatients. Hospitalized patients were younger compared with outpatients (8 vs. 19 months, p <0.001) and presented more frequently bronchiolitis (74% hospitalized vs. 24% outpatients) and pneumonia (14% hospitalized vs. 5% outpatients). Age was statistically associated with hospitalization (p= 0.01). Viral diagnosis was achieved in 81% hospitalized and 57% of outpatients. Rhinovirus was the most frequent followed by respiratory syncytial virus. The rest of respiratory viruses were observed with lower frequency. Viral circulation was observed throughout the whole year. The median length of stay was 3.5 days. Intensive care was required in 11% of hospitalized patients and 3% required mechanical ventilation. No deaths were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: The use of viral diagnostic techniques allowed the identification of an etiologic agent in most of the hospitalized patients and more than half of outpatients. The addition of RT-PCR for rhinovirus, allowed the identification of this etiologic agent. Viral circulation was observed throughout the whole year. Hospitalized patients presented bronchiolitis and pneumonia more frequently than outpatients.
Subject(s)
Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/virology , Acute Disease , Argentina , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Urban HealthABSTRACT
Introducción. Las infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA) son la mayor causa de hospitalización en edades extremas de la vida. Objetivos. Identifcar los agentes etiológicos de IRA viral en niños < 5 años hospitalizados y ambulatorios; describir estacionalidad y características clínico-epidemiológicas de la enfermedad. Población y métodos. Estudio descriptivo, transversal y multicéntrico en dos centros privados de Buenos Aires, en niños con IRA alta y baja. Se registraron antecedentes, cuadros clínicos y estudios virológicos. Resultados. Se estudiaron 347 pacientes: 235 hospitalizados; 112 ambulatorios. Los hospitalizados fueron menores que los ambulatorios (8 vs. 19 meses, p <0,001), presentaron más frecuentemente bronquiolitis (74% hospitalizados vs. 24% ambulatorios) y neumonía (14% hospitalizados vs. 5% ambulatorios). Solo la edad se asoció signifcativamente a hospitalización (p= 0,01). Se identifcó etiología viral en 81% de los hospitalizados y 57% de los ambulatorios. El virus más frecuente fue rinovirus seguido por virus respiratorio sincicial. Se observó circulación viral durante todo el año, especialmente en otoño e invierno. En pacientes hospitalizados, la mediana de hospitalización fue 3,5 días. Requirieron cuidados intensivos 25 (11%) pacientes, y 7 (3%) recibieron asistencia ventilatoria mecánica. No hubo letalidad. Conclusiones. Las técnicas de diagnóstico virológico permitieron identifcar agentes etiológicos en la mayoría de los pacientes hospitalizados y en más de la mitad de los ambulatorios con IRA. La incorporación de RT-PCR para rinovirus, permitió la identifcación de este agente etiológico. La circulación viral se observó a lo largo de todo el año. La bronquiolitis fue causa de internación en 174/201 (86,5%) niños con IRA y la neumonía en 33/39 (84,6%) niños.
Introduction. Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are a major cause of hospitalization particularly at the extreme ages of life. Objectives. To determine the viral diagnosis in children < 5 years old with ARI, seasonality, clinical and epidemiological characteristics. Population and methods. A cross-sectional, descriptive and multicenter study was performed. Respiratory samples from patients with ARI hospitalized or outpatients with < 5 days of respiratory symptoms from June 2008 to May 2009 were studied for respiratory viruses. Clinical and demographic data were recorded. Results. A total of 347 patients were enrolled: 234 hospitalized and 112 outpatients. Hospitalized patients were younger compared with outpatients (8 vs. 19 months, p <0.001) and presented more frequently bronchiolitis (74% hospitalized vs. 24% outpatients) and pneumonia (14% hospitalized vs. 5% outpatients). Age was statistically associated with hospitalization (p= 0.01). Viral diagnosis was achieved in 81% hospitalized and 57% of outpatients. Rhinovirus was the most frequent followed by respiratory syncytial virus. The rest of respiratory viruses were observed with lower frequency. Viral circulation was observed throughout the whole year. The median length of stay was 3.5 days. Intensive care was required in 11% of hospitalized patients and 3% required mechanical ventilation. No deaths were recorded. Conclusions. The use of viral diagnostic techniques allowed the identifcation of an etiologic agent in most of the hospitalized patients and more than half of outpatients. The addition of RT-PCR for rhinovirus, allowed the identifcation of this etiologic agent. Viral circulation was observed throughout the whole year. Hospitalized patients presented bronchiolitis and pneumonia more frequently than outpatients.