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1.
Salud Publica Mex ; 63(2, Mar-Abr): 253-261, 2021 Jan 14.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33989483

ABSTRACT

 Objetivo. Resumir la evidencia científica sobre las altera-ciones renales asociadas con la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Material y métodos. Se realizó una revisión rápida con la metodología Cochrane. Resultados. La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) preexistente en pacientes con SARS-CoV-2 varió de 1 a 38% y la lesión renal aguda (LRA), de 2.9 a 86.4%. El pronóstico de la infección fue peor en pacientes con ERC y en aquellos con reserva renal remanente (RRR) intacta que desarrollaron LRA. El riesgo de muerte fue mayor (riesgo relativo combinado = 1.49; IC95%: 1.09-2.04) en pacientes infectados por SARS-CoV-2 con ERC preexistente. Los mar-cadores de RRR mostraron alteraciones en pacientes con SARS-CoV-2 graves y fatales; el marcador más utilizado fue la creatinina sérica. Conclusiones. La evidencia científica muestra la relevancia de la evaluación y monitoreo perma-nente de la RRR en pacientes hospitalizados por SARS-CoV-2 para mejorar el pronóstico de aquellos con ERC preexistente, así como de aquellos sin ERC que desarrollan LRA.


Subject(s)
COVID-19/physiopathology , Kidney/physiopathology , Humans
2.
Salud Publica Mex ; 63(2, Mar-Abr): 242-252, 2021 Feb 26.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33989487

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Resumir la evidencia científica sobre efectos maternos y neonatales del Covid-19 durante el embarazo. Material y métodos. Se realizó una revisión rápida Cochrane y un metaanálisis de proporciones y razones de momios (RM). Resultados. Los eventos maternos más comunes fueron la ventilación mecánica invasiva y admisión a la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI); las complicaciones del embarazo fueron el sufrimiento fetal y la ruptura prematura de membranas; las comorbilidades fueron la obesidad y el asma. Las cesáreas indicadas por Covid-19 fueron frecuentes (51%). Los eventos neonatales comunes fueron bajo peso y prematuridad; se identificaron neonatos SARS-CoV-2 posi-tivos (14%). Las embarazadas con Covid-19 experimentaron más cesáreas (RM combinada=6.7) y partos pretérmino (RM combinada=2.9); los neonatos experimentaron más admisio-nes a la UCI neonatal (RM combinada=5.9). Conclusión. La evidencia sobre los efectos adversos del Covid-19 durante el embarazo es limitada. No se pueden descartar riesgos a la salud del binomio, particularmente debido a las cesáreas y prematuridad.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/transmission , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Pregnancy Outcome
3.
Salud pública Méx ; 63(2): 242-252, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432233

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Objetivo: Resumir la evidencia científica sobre efectos maternos y neonatales del Covid-19 durante el embarazo. Material y métodos Se realizó una revisión rápida Cochrane y un metaanálisis de proporciones y razones de momios (RM). Resultados: Los eventos maternos más comunes fueron la ventilación mecánica invasiva y admisión a la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI); las complicaciones del embarazo fueron el sufrimiento fetal y la ruptura prematura de membranas; las comorbilidades fueron la obesidad y el asma. Las cesáreas indicadas por Covid-19 fueron frecuentes (51%). Los eventos neonatales comunes fueron bajo peso y prematuridad; se identificaron neonatos SARS-CoV-2 positivos (14%). Las embarazadas con Covid-19 experimentaron más cesáreas (RM combinada=6.7) y partos pretérmino (RM combinada=2.9); los neonatos experimentaron más admisiones a la UCI neonatal (RM combinada=5.9). Conclusión: La evidencia sobre los efectos adversos del Covid-19 durante el embarazo es limitada. No se pueden descartar riesgos a la salud del binomio, particularmente debido a las cesáreas y prematuridad.


Abstract: Objective: To summarize the scientific evidence of adverse health effects of Covid-19 during pregnancy. Materials and methods We conducted a Cochrane rapid review. Meta-analysis of proportions and odds ratios (OR) were performed. Results: Frequent maternal events included invasive mechanic ventilation and admission to the intensive care unit (ICU); pregnancy complications were fetal distress and premature rupture of membranes; common comorbidities were obesity and asthma. Deliveries by cesarean section (C-section) due to Covid-19 were frequent (51%). The most frequent neonatal outcomes were low birthweight and prematurity; we identified cases of SARS-CoV-2 positive neonates (14%). Pregnant women with Covid-19 were more likely to deliver by C-section (pooled OR=6.7) and prematurely (pooled OR=2.9); neonates were more likely to be admitted to the neonatal ICU (pooled OR=5.9). Conclusion: The available evidence on Covid-19 during pregnancy is limited. Therefore, we cannot disregard adverse health effects on the mother-child pair, particularly those related to C-sections and premature deliveries.

4.
Salud pública Méx ; 63(2): 253-261, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432234

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: Resumir la evidencia científica sobre las alteraciones renales asociadas con la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión rápida con la metodología Cochrane. Resultados: La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) preexistente en pacientes con SARS-CoV-2 varió de 1 a 38% y la lesión renal aguda (LRA), de 2.9 a 86.4%. El pronóstico de la infección fue peor en pacientes con ERC y en aquellos con reserva renal remanente (RRR) intacta que desarrollaron LRA. El riesgo de muerte fue mayor (riesgo relativo combinado = 1.49; IC95%: 1.09-2.04) en pacientes infectados por SARS-CoV-2 con ERC preexistente. Los marcadores de RRR mostraron alteraciones en pacientes con SARS-CoV-2 graves y fatales; el marcador más utilizado fue la creatinina sérica. Conclusiones: La evidencia científica muestra la relevancia de la evaluación y monitoreo permanente de la RRR en pacientes hospitalizados por SARS-CoV-2 para mejorar el pronóstico de aquellos con ERC preexistente, así como de aquellos sin ERC que desarrollan LRA.


Abstract: Objective: To summarize the scientific literature on kidney abnormalities associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Materials and methods: It was conducted a rapid review using the Cochrane methodology. Results: Pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD) in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients ranged from 1-38% and acute kidney injury (AKI) ranged from 2.9-86.4%. The prognosis of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection was worse among those with CKD and those with normal remnant kidney function (RKF) that developed AKI. The risk of death was higher (pooled risk ratio =1.49; 95%CI: 1.09-2.04) among SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with pre-existing CKD. The RKF markers showed alterations among severe and non-surviving SARS-CoV-2 patients; the most common marker was serum creatinine. Conclusions: The scientific evidence shows the relevance of the evaluation and permanent monitoring of the RKF in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized patients to improve the prognosis of those with pre-existing CKD as well as the prognosis of those without CKD who develop AKI.

5.
Nutr. hosp ; 35(1): 148-152, ene.-feb. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-172102

ABSTRACT

Introducción: estudios previos sugieren que un bajo consumo de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (AGPI) omega-3 y razón omega-6/omega-3 alta, así como niveles séricos bajos, se asocian con trastornos depresivos, sin embargo, los resultados no son concluyentes. Objetivos: evaluar los niveles séricos de AGPI omega-3 (ácido eicosapentaenoico [EPA], docosahexaenoico [DHA], alfalinolenico [ALA]) y la razón omega-6 (ácido araquidónico [AA])/EPA, en relación a los síntomas depresivos en universitarios del norte de México. Material y métodos:estudio transversal que incluyó 60 participantes (18 a 24 años de edad) de ambos sexos, con determinaciones séricas de EPA, DHA, ALA y AA, quienes respondieron la escala de depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES-D) validada para estudiantes mexicanos. La relación de los AGPI omega-3 y omega-6 con los síntomas depresivos se evaluó con modelos de regresión lineal. Resultados: los niveles séricos de EPA, DHA y razón EPA/DHA no se correlacionaron con síntomas depresivos, un incremento en ALA sérico se correlacionó con menos síntomas depresivos antes y después de ajustar por confusores; sin embargo, los resultados no fueron estadísticamente significativos. En mujeres, la escala CES-D incrementó 5,5 puntos (p = 0,57) por 1% de incremento en EPA y disminuyó 6,7 puntos (p = 0,39) por 1% de incremento en ALA. Conclusiones: nuestros resultados no confirman la asociación entre los niveles séricos de AGPI omega-3 y razón omega-6/omega-3 con síntomas depresivos. La correlación negativa del nivel sérico de ALA con síntomas depresivos necesita ser confirmada en estudios de seguimiento (AU)


Introduction: Previous studies suggest that low consumption as well as low serum levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) omega-3 and a high omega-6/omega-3 ratio may be implicated in the etiology of depressive disorders, however, epidemiologic evidence is inconclusive. Objective: To assess the relationship of serum levels of omega-3 fatty acids (docosahexaenoic [DHA], eicosapentaenoic [EPA], alpha-linolenic fatty acid [ALA]) and the omega-6 (arachidonic acid [AA])/EPA ratio with depressive symptoms among Mexican college students. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study that included 60 male and female participants (ages 18 to 24 years) with serum levels of EPA, DHA, ALA and AA. Depressive symptoms were ascertained with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale validated for Mexican students. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between depressive symptoms and serum PUFA omega-3 and omega-6. Results: Serum levels of EPA, DHA and EPA/DHA ratio were not related to depressive symptoms, high serum ALA was related with lower depressive symptoms before and after covariate adjustment; however, these results were not statistically significant. Among women, 1% increase in EPA resulted in 5.5. (p = 0.57) increase in the depressive scale scores while 1% increase in ALA resulted in 6.7 decrease (p = 0.39) in the scores. Conclusions: Our results did not confirm the relationship of serum levels of PUFA omega-3 and omega-6/omega-3 ratio with depressive symptoms; the negative correlation of serum ALA with depressive symptoms remains to be confirmed in prospective studies (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/blood , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/blood , Fatty Acids, Omega-6/blood , Depression/physiopathology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Mexico/epidemiology , Biomarkers/analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies
6.
Nutr Hosp ; 35(1): 148-152, 2017 Nov 24.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29565163

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies suggest that low consumption as well as low serum levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) omega-3 and a high omega-6/omega-3 ratio may be implicated in the etiology of depressive disorders, however, epidemiologic evidence is inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship of serum levels of omega-3 fatty acids (docosahexaenoic [DHA], eicosapentaenoic [EPA], alpha-linolenic fatty acid [ALA]) and the omega-6 (arachidonic acid [AA])/EPA ratio with depressive symptoms among Mexican college students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study that included 60 male and female participants (ages 18 to 24 years) with serum levels of EPA, DHA, ALA and AA. Depressive symptoms were ascertained with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale validated for Mexican students. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between depressive symptoms and serum PUFA omega-3 and omega-6. RESULTS: Serum levels of EPA, DHA and EPA/DHA ratio were not related to depressive symptoms, high serum ALA was related with lower depressive symptoms before and after covariate adjustment; however, these results were not statistically significant. Among women, 1% increase in EPA resulted in 5.5. (p = 0.57) increase in the depressive scale scores while 1% increase in ALA resulted in 6.7 decrease (p = 0.39) in the scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our results did not confirm the relationship of serum levels of PUFA omega-3 and omega-6/omega-3 ratio with depressive symptoms; the negative correlation of serum ALA with depressive symptoms remains to be confirmed in prospective studies.


Subject(s)
Depression/blood , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/blood , Fatty Acids, Omega-6/blood , Adolescent , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depression/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico , Prospective Studies , Students , Young Adult , alpha-Linolenic Acid/blood
7.
Nutr Hosp ; 32(4): 1483-92, 2015 Oct 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26545508

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: obesity in childhood is predictive of obesity in adulthood and it is associated with adverse health effect apparent since childhood; however, the joint assessment of obesity and adverse events among children in clinical settings is unusual. OBJECTIVES: to assess the association of overweight and obesity, abdominal obesity, and excess body fat with systolic [SBP] and diastolic [DBP] blood pressure, lipid profile and glucose levels; and to identify the best anthropometric indicator of such events. MATERIAL AND METHODS: we conducted a cross-sectional study in a sample of 412 schoolchildren. The presence of overweight and obesity, abdominal obesity and excess body fat was determined among all participants; levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high and low density lipoproteins, and glucose were measured in a subsample (n = 133). The associations of interest were assessed using adjusted linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS: 33% of the children were overweight or obese. Overall, overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity, and excess body fat were associated with elevated SBP and DBP and with a lipid profile and glucose levels that could indicate health risks among these children. Overweight and obesity were the best predictors of such events. CONCLUSIONS: among these school-aged children, we observed that obesity was associated with high odds of having adverse health outcomes such as high blood pressure, lipids and glucose. Such adverse events can be predicted by the presence of obesity measured by BMI, which is a noninvasive, inexpensive and easy to implement measure.


Introducción: la obesidad durante la niñez es predictiva de obesidad en la adultez y se asocia a eventos adversos para la salud observables desde etapas tempranas; sin embargo, la evaluación conjunta de obesidad y eventos adversos en los menores no es parte de la atención médica habitual. Objetivos: evaluar la asociación de sobrepeso y obesidad, obesidad abdominal y exceso de grasa corporal con la presión arterial sistólica [PAS] y diastólica [PAD], y el perfil de lípidos y glucosa; e identificar el mejor indicador antropométrico de dichos eventos. Material y métodos: estudio transversal en 412 escolares a quienes se les determinó la presencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, obesidad abdominal y exceso de grasa corporal. Los niveles de colesterol total, triglicéridos, lipoproteínas de alta y baja densidad y glucosa se determinaron en una submuestra (n = 133). Las asociaciones se evaluaron con modelos de regresión lineal y logística ajustados. Resultados: el 33% de los participantes tuvieron sobrepeso u obesidad. El sobrepeso, la obesidad, la obesidad abdominal y el exceso de grasa corporal se asociaron con un incremento de PAS y PAD, y con un perfil de lípidos y glucosa que representan riesgos para la salud. El sobrepeso y la obesidad fueron los mejores predictores de dichos eventos. Conclusiones: en nuestra población, la obesidad se asoció con mayor posibilidad de presentar eventos adversos para la salud como PA elevada, niveles de lípidos y glucosa altos. La obesidad puede ser determinada con el IMC, que es un índice de bajo coste, no invasivo y de fácil implementación.


Subject(s)
Anthropometry , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Metabolic Diseases/epidemiology , Adiposity , Blood Pressure , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Exercise , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Overweight/epidemiology , Schools
8.
Nutr. hosp ; 32(4): 1483-1492, oct. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-143640

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la obesidad durante la niñez es predictiva de obesidad en la adultez y se asocia a eventos adversos para la salud observables desde etapas tempranas; sin embargo, la evaluación conjunta de obesidad y eventos adversos en los menores no es parte de la atención médica habitual. Objetivos: evaluar la asociación de sobrepeso y obesidad, obesidad abdominal y exceso de grasa corporal con la presión arterial sistólica [PAS] y diastólica [PAD], y el perfil de lípidos y glucosa; e identificar el mejor indicador antropométrico de dichos eventos. Material y métodos: estudio transversal en 412 escolares a quienes se les determinó la presencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, obesidad abdominal y exceso de grasa corporal. Los niveles de colesterol total, triglicéridos, lipoproteínas de alta y baja densidad y glucosa se determinaron en una submuestra (n = 133). Las asociaciones se evaluaron con modelos de regresión lineal y logística ajustados. Resultados: el 33% de los participantes tuvieron sobrepeso u obesidad. El sobrepeso, la obesidad, la obesidad abdominal y el exceso de grasa corporal se asociaron con un incremento de PAS y PAD, y con un perfil de lípidos y glucosa que representan riesgos para la salud. El sobrepeso y la obesidad fueron los mejores predictores de dichos eventos. Conclusiones: en nuestra población, la obesidad se asoció con mayor posibilidad de presentar eventos adversos para la salud como PA elevada, niveles de lípidos y glucosa altos. La obesidad puede ser determinada con el IMC, que es un índice de bajo coste, no invasivo y de fácil implementación (AU)


Introduction: obesity in childhood is predictive of obesity in adulthood and it is associated with adverse health effect apparent since childhood; however, the joint assessment of obesity and adverse events among children in clinical settings is unusual. Objectives: to assess the association of overweight and obesity, abdominal obesity, and excess body fat with systolic [SBP] and diastolic [DBP] blood pressure, lipid profile and glucose levels; and to identify the best anthropometric indicator of such events. Material and methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study in a sample of 412 schoolchildren. The presence of overweight and obesity, abdominal obesity and excess body fat was determined among all participants; levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high and low density lipoproteins, and glucose were measured in a subsample (n = 133). The associations of interest were assessed using adjusted linear and logistic regression models. Results: 33% of the children were overweight or obese. Overall, overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity, and excess body fat were associated with elevated SBP and DBP and with a lipid profile and glucose levels that could indicate health risks among these children. Overweight and obesity were the best predictors of such events. Conclusions: among these school-aged children, we observed that obesity was associated with high odds of having adverse health outcomes such as high blood pressure, lipids and glucose. Such adverse events can be predicted by the presence of obesity measured by BMI, which is a noninvasive, inexpensive and easy to implement measure (AU)


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Metabolic Diseases/physiopathology , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Obesity/epidemiology , Overweight/epidemiology , Body Weights and Measures/statistics & numerical data , Anthropometry/methods , Body Mass Index , Lipids/blood
9.
Hum Reprod ; 25(11): 2901-6, 2010 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20817739

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Animal studies have shown that in utero exposure to chemicals in tobacco smoke reduces female fertility, but epidemiological findings have been inconsistent. METHODS: We examined the association between in utero exposure to tobacco smoke and female fertility among women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, enrolled from 1999 to 2007. Around the 17th week of pregnancy, participants reported how long they took to conceive (time to pregnancy), and whether their mother smoked while pregnant with the participant. This analysis included 48 319 planned pregnancies among women aged 15-44 years. We estimated fecundability odds ratios (FORs) using a discrete-time survival analysis, adjusting for age, education and adult tobacco smoking. RESULTS: The adjusted FOR for in utero exposure to tobacco smoke among all subjects was 0.96 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93, 0.98], among subjects reporting no adult tobacco smoking or passive exposure it was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.99) and among subjects reporting adult tobacco smoking or passive exposure it was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91, 0.99). We performed a probabilistic sensitivity analysis to estimate the effect of exposure and outcome misclassification on the results, and, as expected, the association became more pronounced after taking misclassification into account. CONCLUSIONS: This large cohort study supports a small-to-modest association between in utero exposure to tobacco smoke and reduced fertility.


Subject(s)
Fertility/drug effects , Smoking/adverse effects , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects , Adult , Female , Humans , Infertility, Female/etiology , Norway , Pregnancy , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
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