ABSTRACT
La fuerza masticatoria máxima funcional (FMMF) se ha definido como la máxima fuerza generada entre los dientes maxilares y mandibulares. Así el objetivo de esta investigación fue de obtener datos reales sobre las FMMF a nivel molar, premolar, canino e incisivo en individuos adultos jóvenes. El estudio incluyó una muestra de 50 individuos entre 18 y 25 años de edad, totalmente dentados y con perfil esqueletal tipo I y clase I molar y canino. Se utilizó como instrumento un dispositivo de medición de fuerzas portátil, realizando las medidas en la región molar, premolar, canina e incisiva. A los individuos se les indicó morder el instrumento con la mayor fuerza posible, alternando las diferentes zonas a medir, aplicándose tres mediciones en cada diente y registrando el mayor valor en cada zona. La media de las fuerzas ejercidas del sexo masculino fue de 698, 516, 322 y 220 N, en las regiones molar, premolar, canina e incisiva, respectivamente. Por otro lado, en el sexo femenino se observaron valores medios de 466, 431, 232 y 174 N en las regiones molar, premolar, canina e incisiva, respectivamente. Se puede concluir que se observaron diferencias significativas de FMMF entre ambos sexos en las diferentes regiones, identificando los mayores valores en los individuos de sexo masculino en la región molar. Además, se identificaron diferencias significativas de la FMMF sólo en la región canina del sexo masculino al relacionarlas con el lado del arco.
The Functional maximum bite force (FMMF) is defined as the maximum force generated between the maxillary and mandibular teeth. Therefore, the aim of this research was to obtain real data about the FMMF at a molar, premolar, canine and incisive level in young adult individuals. The study included a sample of 50 individuals between 18 and 25 years old, fully toothed with a skeletal type I and Class I molar and canine profile. The measuring instrument used was a portable force measuring device, making measurements in the molar, premolar, canine and incisive regions. Individuals were instructed to bite the instrument with the greatest possible force, alternating different areas to measure, applying three measurements on each tooth and recording the highest value in each zone. The average of the forces exerted by males was 698, 516, 322 and 220 N, in the molar regions, premolar, canine and incisor, respectively. Furthermore, in females average values of 466, 431, 232 and 174 N were observed in the molar, premolar, canine and incisor regions respectively. It can be concluded that significant differences were observed in the FMMF between the sexes in different regions, identifying the highest values in male subjects in the molar region. In addition,significant differences were identified in the FMMF of males only in the canine region when related to the side of the arch.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Bite Force , Mastication/physiology , Sex Factors , Masticatory Muscles/physiologyABSTRACT
Under normal conditions, the oral cavity presents a perfect system of equilibrium between teeth, soft tissues and tongue. The equilibrium of soft tissues forms a closed capsular matrix, generating differences with the atmospheric environment. This difference is known as intraoral pressure. Negative intraoral pressure is fundamental to the stabilization of the soft palate and tongue, reducing neuromuscular activity for the permeability of the respiratory tract. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the variations of intraoral pressure of the sub-palatal space (SPS) under different physiological conditions and biofunctional phases. A case series was conducted with 20 individuals aged between 18 and 25. The intraoral pressures were measured through a system of cannulae connected to a digital pressure meter in the SPS during seven biofunctional phases. Descriptive statistics were used based on the mean and standard deviation. The data recorded pressure variations under physiological conditions, reaching 65 mbar as the intraoral peak in forced inspiration. In the swallowing phase, peaks reached -91.9 mbar. No pressure variations were recorded in terms of atmospheric changes with the mouth open and semi-open. The data obtained during the swallowing and forced inspiration phases indicated forced lingual activity. In the swallowing phase, the adequate position of the tongue creates negative intraoral pressure, which represents a fundamental mechanism for the physical stabilization of the soft palate. This information could contribute to subsequent research into the treatment of primary roncopathies.
ABSTRACT
The electromagnetic articulograph (EMA) is a device that can collect movement data by positioning sensors at multiple points, measuring displacements of the structure in real time, as well as the acoustics and mechanics of speech using a microphone connected to the measurement system. The aim of this study is to describe protocols for the generation, measurement and visualization of mandibular border and functional movements in the three spatial planes (frontal, sagittal and horizontal) using the EMA. The EMA has transmitter coils that determine magnetic fields to collect information about movements from sensors located on different structures (tongue, palate, mouth, incisors, skin, etc.) and in every direction in an area of 300 mm. After measurement with the EMA, the information is transferred to a computer and read with the Visartico software to visualize the recording of the mandibular movements registered by the EMA. The sensors placed in the space between the three axes XYZ are observed, and then the plots created from the mandibular movements included in the corresponding protocol can be visualized, enabling interpretation of these data. Four protocols for the obtaining of images of the opening and closing mandibular movements were defined and developed, as well as border movements in the frontal, sagittal and horizontal planes, managing to accurately reproduce Posselt's diagram and Gothic arch on the latter two axes. Measurements with the EMA will allow more exact data to be collected in relation to the mandibular clinical physiology and morphology, which will permit more accurate diagnoses and application of more precise and adjusted treatments in the future.
