Evaluación del estrés oxidativo en un paciente con isquemia cerebral transitoria / The evaluation of oxidative stress in a patient with transient cerebral ischaemia

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[Mother to child transmission of infantile HIV/AIDS in Cuba]. / La transmisión materno infantil del VIH/SIDA en Cuba.

The number of children born to HIV/AIDS-seropositive mothers in Cuba is small due to the implementation of the program for the prevention of maternal-infant transmission of HIV/AIDS in Cuba. During the studied period (January 1st, 1985, to December 31st, 1999) 64 children were born, 9 were infected with HIV, 7 of them have developed AIDS (3 have died due to this cause and 4 are under treatment with antiviral agents and proteases inhibitors) and 2 are asymptomatic HIV seropositive. Of the 48 children that concluded the study, 39 (81.25%) are sound and 9 (18.75%) are HIV/AIDS-seropositive children, which is a low figure of maternal-infant transmission compared with that of the developed countries. Since 1997, when AZT began to be administered to mothers and children, none of the 8 children that finished the study have been infected. Up to now, 10 HIV/AIDS-seropositive children, 9 by perinatal route and 1 by blood transfusion, already dead, have been reported in the country.

[Chorioretinitis caused by toxoplasma in children]. / Coriorretinitis por toxoplasma en niños.

In a period of 5 years, 21 children with ocular lesions caused by toxoplasma (chorioretinitis due to toxoplasma) were seen at "Pedro Kourí" Tropical Medicine Institute. Of the 21 children, 5 (23.8%) had lesions in both eyes and 16 (76.1%) in one eye (9 in the left eye and 7 in the right one). 9 children (42.8%) initially had active lesions that responded satisfactorily to medical treatment whereas 12 (57.1%) came to the hospital with healed lesions that did not require any treatment. They were all followed up as outpatients with favorable evolution in all cases.

[Pulmonary mucormycosis infection in a boy with AIDS]. / Infección por mucormicosis pulmonar en un niño con SIDA.

It is described a pulmonary mucormycosis in an 11-year-old child with AIDS. The diagnosis was obtained by direct examination of the bronchial aspiration. The non-septate, hyaline, dichotomous, pathognomonic cenotic hyphae of this disease were observed. The child was cured with the specific treatment with Amphotericin B, since he died a year later and this affection did not appear in the necropsy. This combination of pulmonary mucormycosis and AIDS has never been reported in Cuba.

[Tuberculosis and HIV coinfection in Cuba]. / La coinfección de la tuberculosis y el VIH en Cuba.

The first 28 Cuban HIV-seropositive patients with bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis in the period of 21 months between July, 1993, and March, 1995, were presented. The clinical characterization and the therapeutic response of the multidrug regimen considered by the National Program for Tuberculosis Control are stressed. The most frequent clinical form of presentation was the pulmonary one with 89.3% No lesions were found in the chest X-ray of 8 patients. The response to the multidrug treatment was satisfactory, which together with a group of procedures performed prevented the propagation of this disease among the HIV-seropositive patients and the population in general.

[Infection by Inermicapsifer madagascariensis (Davaine, 1870); Baer, 1956. A report of 2 cases]. / Infección por Inermicapsifer madagascariensis (Davaine, 1870); Baer, 1956. Presentación de 2 casos.

Two female white patients of 11 months and 1 year of age, respectively, with intestinal parasitism due to Inermicapsifer madagascariensis (Inermicapsifer cubensis) are presented. They were attended at the Pediatrics Outpatient Department of the "Pedro Kourí" Institute of Tropical Medicine during the last 3 years. Both patients who did not cure with the different treatment used against taeniasis and who used to expel parasites through the anus, were referred to this center, where they were diagnosed Inermicapsifer madagascariensis. Parasitism disappeared with a specific treatment with praziquantel.

[Care for the Cuban child born to an HIV-seropositive mother]. / Atención al niño cubano hijo de madre seropositiva al VIH.

Up to this moment, 25 children have been born from mothers seropositive to HIV. Of these, only 12 who are seropositive have been studied. Four of these children had developed the disease (33.3%), and the route of transmission was a blood transfusion. From the moment they were born, these children had been followed up monthly at the out-patient service and the polymerase chain reaction test, as well as ELISA and western blot is performed at 3, 6, and 9 months of age. Also, the same test are performed at 18 and 36 months of age for diagnostic confirmation in order to know whether they are virus carriers.

[Craniofacial dysmorphism in pediatric AIDS. Presentation of a case]. / Dismorfismo cráneo-facial en el SIDA pediátrico. Presentación de un caso.

The case of a five-year-old mulatto girl with craniofacial dysmorphism, infected with AIDS virus, is presented. The girl had ocular hypertelorism; eyes slanted upwards; increase of the distance between the internal and external canthi; prominent triangular philtrum; thick lips; prominent forehead; flat nasal bridge; large parotid glands, which indicate that the infection must have transmitted during fetal life. These features were not observed in children infected with AIDS through other ways such as perinatal transmission, blood transfusions and breastfeeding.

[International health monitoring. Special screening among foreign grant recipients at their arrival in Cuba]. / Control sanitario internacional. Pesquisas especiales a becarios extranjeros a su arribo a Cuba.

A description in made about the methodology and outcome of screening conducted on foreing students arriving in Cuba from 1987-1990 to reside for several years. During that period, a total number of 13,025 foreing travellers coming from 36 countries were controlled; of them, 1,100 were positive to some kind of infectious disease. The majority were positive to malaria (838), 220 cases were diagnosed as having epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis and 58 were seropositive to HIV. All positive cases were controlled and treated by the Department of Medical Services of the Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kouri".

[Pediatric AIDS: a report of the first fatal Cuban pediatric case]. / SIDA pediátrico: descripción del primer caso infantil cubano fallecido.

The case of a Cuban child with AIDS acquired by perinatal transmission is reported. Thirteen days after birth, the child had chronic diarrhoeas affecting its pondostatural development. It was hospitalized many times due to recurrent respiratory processes, in one of which Pneumocystis carinii was detected. Oral candidiasis, cryptosporidiosis and intestinal amebiasis in faeces were also diagnosed. It died with generalized tonic-clonic convulsions and bradypnea. At autopsy, the direct death cause was endocranial hypertension due to unspecific sub-acute viral meningitis.

[Levamisole, mebendazole, thiabendazole. Their effectiveness as helminthicides in African patients recently arrived in Cuba. From 1987 to 1988]. / Levamisol, mebendazol, tiabendazol. Su efectividad como helminticidas en pacientes africanos recién arribados a Cuba. Período 1987-1988.

Ninety one passengers coming from Africa, carriers of geohelminthes, were selected and treated with helminthicides of large use in our country (levamisole, mebendazole, thiabendazole). An excellent effective response was obtained for Ascaris lumbricoides (96.5%), and a good effective response was obtained for the rest of the parasites: Trichuri trichiura (88.5%), Strongyloides stercoralis (87.5%), and Necator americanus (78.9), according to data of therapeutical response efficiency of the WHO.

[Our experience in the treatment of Taenia saginata (Goenze, 1762) with praziquantel]. / Nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento de Taenia saginata (Goenze, 1762) con praziquantel.

This paper studies 50 Cuban patients with Taenia saginata admitted at "Pedro Kouri" Institute of Tropical Medicine from October 1982 to November 1985. There were no significant differences as far as patient sex is concerned and there was a prevalence of the age group 15-25. All cases had undergone several courses of antiparasitic treatment with niclosamide. There was proglotid passage in 100% of cases and abdominal pain in 36% of patients, as clinical elements of interest. Praziquantel was administered in a dosage of 10 mg per kg of body weight, in single doses, and the effectiveness of the drug was documented in 100% of cases, with a follow-up of more than 7 weeks.